By Ralhmingthanga MSS, Bv
Bible hi van atanga ziah saa leia lo tla a ni lova; Pathianin mihring thinlunga hna thawkin, mihringin a ziah a ni. A then chu inlârna hmanga Pathian inpuanna mihringin a hmuh ang anga ziah pawh a ni. Pathian kuta ziah awmchhun chu lungphêka ziah a ni a (Ex 31:18); chu pawh chu Israelte sual avangin Mosia’n a vawm keh daih! (Ex 32:19).
Bible zirna pêng pakhat Textual Criticism atangin Thuthlung Thar hi a rintlak em tih kan en dawn a ni. Bible thu pumpui hi mihring ziah a ni a; famkim lo mihring ziah a nih avangin ziah sual palh a awm thei. Tin, vawi tam tak ziah chhawn a nih avângin ziah chhawn laiin tih sual a awm thin. Entir nan, Luka ziah dân chuan Isua ruala suamhmang an khenbeh pahnih zînga pakhat zawk chuan Isua a hau a; a dangin Isua a chhan thung (Lk 23:39-40). Mahse, Matthai leh Marka ziah dân chuan khâng suamhmang pahnihte khân Isua an hau ve ve tlat (Mt 27:44 & Mk 15:32). Hetianga Bible-a a inziah avânga rinna nghîng chu mahni ‘in check-up’ vat a tha ang.
Thuthlung Thar bûte hi Koine Grik tawnga ziah a ni a. A ziaktu ten an ziah hun hi Isua thih atanga kum 70 chhûng vêl a ni. An thu ziah hmasak berte (original manuscripts) kha hmuh tûr a awm tawh lo a. Chûng an thuziahte chu vawi tam tak kuta ziah chhâwn a ni a. Chutianga vawi tam tak ziah chhâwn leh zêl atanga Thuthlung Thar bûte hi siamchhuah a ni. Thuthlung Thar bu 27-te siam nân hian kutziak (manuscripts) tam tak hman a ni a. Chûng thuziakte chu a inang lo hret hret hlawm bawk. Tin, vawi tam tak ziah chhâwn a lo nih bawk avângin lehkhaziaktu ten an ziah sualte pawh a lo awm ve bawk a. |henkhat chu lehkhaziaktu ten an ziah chhâwn laia thu harsa deuh an hrilhfiahte, hriat thiam awlsam zâwk nana tawngkam danga awmze ngai reng sia an ziahte (paraphrase) pawh a awm.
Tin, a tira Grik tawnga ziah a nih avângin tawng dang danga vawi eng emaw zât lehlin chhâwn a ni a. Awmze inang thlapa tawng pakhat atangin tawng dangah lehlin hi thil theih loh tluk a ni. Entir nân, Rev. Prof. L.H. Rawsea chuan, “Mizote pawhin legion-a hi kan buaipui ve zeuh zeuh hun chu kan nei ve a. Kan Bible hman lar (OV) khân, ‘Ka hming chu Nuaia a ni, tia a lehlin laiin, kum 1995-a chhuak, Bible lehlin thar (CL) khân, ‘Ka hming chu Sângruka a ni’ a ti tlat mai a. Sîngkua leh sângli laia a kiam ta mai khân mi a barakhaih deuhva, kan buaipui ve laih a ni. Mahse, kan mi thiamten a tawngbul lamah chuan ‘legion’ tih a ni a, chu chu Roman regiment hming a nih thu te, sipai sângruk rual vêl zet sawina a nih thu min han hrilh hnu chuan kan thawm a reh ve leh mai a. ‘Legion’ tih hi Latin thu mal dik tak, Grik tawnga ziak a ni a. Latin tawnga Legion tih chu Grik tawnga a awm ve hran loh avângin chu chu Grik sipel-in Marka hian a ziak ta ngawt a ni” tiin ‘Mittui Far’ tih bu-ah a ziak. Thuthlung Thar textual criticism lama mi thiam Dr Daniel Wallace-a chuan, “Thuthlung Thar manuscript-te hi khawih chingpen (corrupt) a ni nge ni lo tih hi zawhna ni lovin, engtia nasa in nge khawih chingpen a nih tih hi zawhna zâwk chu a ni’ a ti. Hetiang hi a nih avângin mi thenkhat chuan Thuthlung Thar hi rintlâk vak lovah an ngai mai thei.
Thuthlung Thar mi thiam Dr Mike Licona-a a sawidân chuan, September 2013 thleng khânThuthlung Thar kutziak (manuscript) hi Grik tawngin 5,838 a awm a; tawng dang dang Latin, Syriac, etc ziah belkhâwm manuscript 25,000 aia tam a awm bawk. Tin, kohhran pate khan hêng kutziakte hi vawi maktaduai khat aia tam an thu ziahna hrang hrangah an sawi chhâwng (quote) a ni a ti. Dr Sean McDowell-a, Professor, Biola University chuan Thuthlung Thar pumpui hi tihchhiat vek pawh ni se, châng 11 tih chauh loh chu, hmânlai kohhran pate thu sawi chhâwn (quotes) atangin a thar a siam chhuah leh theih ang a ti. Mahse, hei hi Dr. Peter Gurry-a a biangbiaknaah a sawi dân chuan kristian apologist pakhat thusawi a lâk chhâwn a nih thu a sawi. ‘Myth & Mistakes in the New Testament Textual Criticism’ tih lehkhabu ziaktu Dr. Peter Gurry-a chuan,“apologist ten an homework an tih a ngai a nih chu; hmânlai kohhran pate khan Thuthlung Thar thute hi an sawichhâwng nasa hle tih hi a dik a; mahse hei hi chu a dikhlel deuh a ni” a ti.
Manuscript upat dân an chhûtna chu hmânlai kutziak zirna ‘palaeography’ hmangin a ni. Manuscript upat zâwng leh a tam zâwng hian hlutna nasa tak a nei a; mahse a upa nazawng leh a tam nazawng erawh chu an hlu bîk tihna a ni lo. A upat poh leh a ziaktu hmasa berte ziah kha a hnaih zâwk a; tin copy a tam poh leh a dik leh dik loh khaikhin tûr a tam ve thung. Thuthlung Thar manuscript rau rau pawh an upat zâwng leh an len zâwng a inang vek lo. Grik Thuthlung Thar manuscript upa ber chu Chanchin |ha Johan bung 18 inziahna, John Rylands Papyrus (P52) an tih chu a ni a; ATM card tiat lek hi a ni; AD 100-150 lai vêla ziah chhâwn ni-a rin a ni. Chumi awmzia chu Chanchin|ha Johana bu ziah hmasak ber (autograph) atanga kum 60 vêla ziah tihna a ni. Manuscript tam tak chu hei ai hian an lian zâwk fê a; a tlângpuiin phêk 459 vêl an ni.
Thuthlung Thar bûte hi kum zabi 1-na laia ziah an ni hlawm; chumi awmzia chu Isua thih atanga kum 70 vêl chhûng leka ziah an ni tihna a ni. Thuthlung Thar mi thiam Gary Habermas-a chuan I Korinth phei hi chu Isua thih atanga kum 25 chhûnga ziah niin a chhût. Tirhkoh Paula’n Korinth mite lehkha a thawnnaah Isua Zirtîrte leh mi dang hnênah Isua inlâr thu a sawi a; chûng mite zînga mi thenkhat chu an la dam thu a sawi. Paula chuan, “Chu mi hnuah chuan unau zanga aia tam hnênah a inlâr leh a, chu mi zînga mi tam zâwk chu tûn thlengin an la dam cheu va, thenkhat erawh chu an muhîl ta a” tiin a sawi (I Kor 16:6-8).
Hmânlai thuziak zînga upat lama Thuthlung Thar manuscript hnaih bertu chu Grik thawnthu Homera ziah ‘Iliad’ leh ‘Odyssey’ te kha a ni. A manuscript chu a thawnthu ziah hmasak ber (original) atanga kum 350 vêl hnua ziah chhâwn a ni a; manuscript 2000 vêl a awm. Tin, Alexander the Great kha a thih atanga kum 400 vêl hnu-ah a chanchin Roman historian Quintus Curtius Rufusa’n a ziak chauh a; a manuscript hmuh theih hmasa ber phei chu kum zabi 9-na laia mi daih a ni. Hêng manuscript-te hian upat zâwngah chuan Thuthlung Thar manuscript chu khan lo rem rem tak an ni. Tin, manuscript tam lamah Thuthlung Thar hnaih berte chu Homer-a thawnthute khi an ni a; mahse an pahnih inkâr pawh hi a zau hle. Dr Mike Licon-a chuan hmânlai thuziak zîngah Thuthlung Thar nêna khaikhin tlâk tichiangtu (evidence) nei tha eng thu leh hla (literature) mah a awm lo a ti.
Sawi tawh ang khan Thuthlung Thar manuscript hi 6,000 vêl a awm tawh a; hmuh belh zêl a ni bawk. Thuthlung Thar manuscript hi a tam avângin a thuziak te pawh inang lo a tam êm êm a. Grik Thuthlung Tharah hian thumal 1,38,000 vêl a awm a. Thuthlung Thar textual criticism mi thiam Dr Bart Ehrman-a chuan, “Thuthlung Thar-a thu mal awm zawng zawng aia tam Thuthlung Thar manuscript-ah hian danglamna (variation) hmuh tûr a awm a ni” a ti. Kum 2013 daih tawh khân Dr Mike Licona-a chuan hêng Grik Thuthlung Thar manuscript zînga thu inang lo awm zât a sawi chu 3,00,000 – 4,00,000 vêl a ni. Chumi atanga kum 5 hnu, kum 2018 khân Dr Daniel Wallace-a chuan Thuthlung Thar manuscript-a inanlohna (variation) awm chu 5,00,000 vêl a nih thu leh manuscript pahnih thuziak inang chiah chiah pakhat mah a awm loh thu a sawi. Mahse, hêng danglamna tam tak hi chu thurin tibuai miah lo – spelling dik lo te, a grammar dik lo te, thu mal awmze inang hman te, etc. an ni a ti. Dr Mike Licona-a vêkin, “Hêng manuscript-a inanlohna 3,00,000 – 4,00,000 atanga zaa pakhat atanga sâwma pakhat (1/10 of 1%) chauh hi awmze nei leh hmantlâk (meaningful & viable) a ni; a tira thu chu a vai deuh thaw, 99.99% chu a thianghlim a ni” a ti. Dr Daniel Wallace-a chuan Thuthlung Thar manuscript rintlâkzia chu 99% a ni a ti ve bawk. Dr Daniel Wallace-a chuan Pathian awm ring lo Dr Bart Ehrman-a nêna inhnialna (debate) an neih pawhin an thu khel chu hêng 99% chhûnga mi hi ni lovin, chu mi atanga la bâng 1% chhûnga mi-ah pawh, hmun sâwma thena hmun khat leh a chanve (1.5/10 of 1%) chhûnga mi a ni” a ti. Hêng atanga lang chiang êm êm chu Bible (Thuthlung Thar) hi a rintlâk tak zet tih hi a ni.
(He article hi Isua hi Tunge? – by Ralhmingthanga tih lehkhabu atanga lâk chhuah leh siamrem hret a ni.)