By Rinfela Zadeng
Ka nun hi symbol (aiawh, entirna) maiah innghah ka duh lo a, thil tak tak ka duh a. Kristian rinna hi thil tak takah zung a kai a. A tak taka rinna nei loa zung kai te chu liberal scholar te hi an ni a.Anniho hi chuan an ngaihruat thil mai mai an ring a; mahse, Kristian rinna erawh chu chutiang chu a ni ve lo. – Gregory A. Boyd
Kan thupui sawi tur hi zirna huanga Lal Isua chanchin, kum tam tak chhung an lo zir tawh leh Pathian thu zirna huangah pawh chai hlawh tak a ni a. Mizo hawnga sawi fiah vek theih loh khawpa thu harsa a awm avangin Sap hawng pawh a tel tam a. Chuvangin ngun taka zira chhiar a ngai a, a tlangpui zawr zawr thlir chungin kan thupui hi kan sawi dawn a. Hetiang hian Lal Isua chanchin hi mi thiam, ngaih dan thiang zau tak tak leh Pathian thu tak pawlh dal tum chunga an zirna hian vawiin thlengin kan rin Lal Isua Krista hi a tihnep phah lo a, a ropuina a belhchhah zel a ni tih kan hre chiang zawk awm e.
Bible sawi dan ni loa Lal Isua chanchin tak tak leh a nihna zirna (Historical Jesus) hian mihring pangngai Lal Isua leh Lal Isua Krista kan rinna (Faith of Christ) inkara inthliarna a lantir avangin mi thiamte zir chiannaah hmun pawimawh tak mai a luah a. Chanchin |ha bu-te hian Isua hi an hmuh dan chi hrang hrang leh kohhran din tirha mite rilru thlirna atangin a tar lang a. A bul berah chuan kohhran hmasaten Isua chungchanga an rin dan min hrilh a ni. Mahse, hengte hian Isua hi tu nge a lo nih tak tak tih chu eng chen nge min hrilh tih erawh hriat a ni lo a.
Chanchin |ha bute ngei pawh hian an an ziah dan a inan loh avângin Lal Isua chanchin chhuina, chanchin ziahna – history bu ang atan chuan a tlak tawk loh tiin mi thiamte chuan an sawi a, chuvangin a dik leh dik lo chu thliar hran a ngai a. Chanchin Tha buin a tar lan Krista leh history-a Isua tak tak chu thliar hran a ngai a; Isua thusawi tak tak leh thil tih tak tak leh kohhranin a chunga a sawite thliar hran a ngaihna leh thurin dik tak leh a hnu lama thil thlengte thliar hran theihna tur tehfung hrang hranga chhui a ngai a ni tiin ngaih dan an nei a. Hengte hi Historical Jesus kan tih chuan Isua chanchina zawhna awmte chu chhui chhuaha chhan a tum ta a ni.
Isua chanchin zawn chhuahna (quest for the historical Jesus) tih thumal hi kum zabi 18-naa Reimarus-a hnêna atanga lo chhuak niin, kum zabi 20-na tâwp thlenga chi hrang hranga Lal Isua chanchin zirna la awm chhunzawm zel, mi thiam pawl pakhat zirna a kawk a ni. Isua nun leh hun lai chanchin zir chianna zawng zawng sawina atan pawh a zau zawngin hman a ni bawk a. A châng chuan hei hi peng (branch) pakhat chauh sawi nân awmze tawi zâwk hmanga hman a ni a, chu chu theological emaw, political agenda bik emaw nena inzawm revisionist (thil thlengte a thlen dan emaw a pawimawhna emaw, a awmzia emaw chungchanga rinna awmsa enfiah leh tihdanglam duhna) ngaih dan te hi a ni. Hemi chungchangah hian ‘historical Isua’ tih thumal hi Isua a nihna tak tak anga sawina atan hman a ni thin a, a thenah chuan ‘frame of reference’ bik chhunga historian-te’n an siam thar theih angin Isua sawina atan hman a ni bawk.
Historical Isua tih thumal hi Isua emaw, Nazareth Isua emaw nen a inang mai lo a, historical tih thumal chu awmze nei lo belh ang mai a ni. Chu ai chuan historical tih awmzia chu technical sense-ah hman a ni a, thumal awmzia zawng zawngah a bik takin a thawh hlawk a ni. Historical tih hi hmanlai thil, objective scholarship (tum neia zirna) hmanga din tawh tihna a ni a, chuvangin historical Isua tih thumal hi hetiang hian a lo awm ta a ni. Chuvângin, historical Isua tih thumal hian ‘Historian-te’n scientific method (Science thiamna) hmanga Nazaret Isua chungchâng hriat theih chu eng nge ni’ tihna a ni ber awm e.
Historical Isua zawnnaah hian a indawt dan pathum a awm a, chungte chu Old Quest (1778-1906), New Quest (1954-1980) leh Third Quest (1980 – tun hun) te an ni. Historical Isua zawn chu eng source-in nge Isua chungchâng thu min pe a, heng source (hriatna hnar) te hi eng ang taka rin tlak nge a nih tih ngaihtuahna atangin a tan tûr a ni tiin mi thiamte chuan an sawi a. Isua chanchin zawnna hmasa ber leh upa ber (1778-1906) Kum 1800 chhûng chu Kristianna chuan Chanchin Tha bu-in Isua a târ lan dân leh Lal Isua Krista chungchâng a chhuina zawng zawng chu rinhlelh rual lohvin Isua dam chhûng chanchin dik tak a nihzia chu a pawm thlap a. Kum zabi 18 naa Europe rama mi tam takin sakhua leh thurin aia Science leh ngaihtuahna pawimawhzia an ngaih pawimawh tan hun lai The Enlightenment chuan finna leh Science thiamna hmanga thil nih dan dik chhui duhna a hring a, chu chuan Bible ngaih dân thar a lo hring chhuak ta a.
Hmanlai history zirna nana hman thin tehkhawng hmangin Thuthlung Thar chu zir tan a ni a. Chu chuan Chanchin Tha bu-a tar lan Lal Isua Krista atanga danglam tak Lal Isua chanchin a hring chhuak ta a. Historical Isua zawn dan zir chianna tam zawk chu Hermann Samuel Reimarus (1694-1768) atangin a intan a. Hermann Samuel Reimarus chu German philosopher leh Enlightenment hun laia ziaktu ropui a ni a. Kristianna lo chhuahna danglam tak chu a hnawl a, Lal Isua chanchin a chhui chhuah dan chu an sawiselin nghawng lian tak nei hmasa ber a ni. Reimarus-a sawi dân chuan Isua thuchah chu a thih hnua a hnungzuitute’n an theh darh nên a danglam a ni a ti a. Isua chuan Messia angin a inngaihtuah a, Rom tihduhdahna laka Judate chhuah zalen turin Pathian ram lo thleng tur chu a puang chhuak a; mahse, kraws-ah an lo kheng bet ta zawk a ni. A thawhlehna leh ropui taka a lo kîr lehna chanchin an beiseina te chu a hlawhchham avângin a hnungzuitute chuan thlan atangin a ruang an ru tiin a sawi.
Hun a lo kal zel a, Lal Isua chanchin chhuina chuan Albert Schweitzer-a lehkhabu The Quest of the Historical Jesus: A Critical Study of its Progress from
Reimarus to Wrede (1910) hmangin sum leh pai siamna atan an lo hmang tan ta. Albert Schweitzera chu German Pathian thu thiam niin Medical Doctor, Philosopher a ni bawk. Schweitzer-a huam hun chhung hi Isua chanchin chhuina bulpui leh hmasa ber tia sawi a ni. Schweitzer-a’n a ngaih dana Isua chanchin a siam thar lehna chu form criticism (Bible-a thu leh hla te chhuina hmanga Bible zirna) lo chhuak leh neo-orthodoxy lar chhoh zel avang te khan a tawp niin an ngai a.
Neo-orthodoxy hi Indopui I-na hnua inhan niin Swiss theologian Karl Barth leh Emil Brunner te’n an vawrh lar a, Neo-orthodoxy awmzia chu Kristian rinna bul leh lungphum chu Pathian ngei inpuanna hi a ni tihna a ni. Schweitzer-a lehkhabu hian mite rilrua Lal Isua Krista, Bible-a kan hmuh dan te, Sakhaw thurin innghahna te, Orthodox theology (Pathian, Krista leh Thlarau Thianghlim – Trinity, Nicene Creed kan tih kha) leh Kristian sakhaw zirtirna hrim hrim, Science thiamnain a finfiah tawh te nen pawha danglama ngaihna lian tak a tichhuak a ni.
Lal Isua chanchin chhui a nihna chhan te
Kum zabi sawm leh pariatna Enlightenment hun lai khan khawthlang lam mi thiamte chuan rinna bulpui (historical basis of faith) chu ngun takin an ngaihven hle a. Hei hian history-a Isua ‘tak tak’ chu rinna Krista aia mi danglam tak a ni thei ang tih ngaih dan a siam ta a ni. Dik tak chuan, hnam tin hian anmahni khawvêl thlirna leh sakhaw mamawh ang zela Isua chu siam thar leh an tum a ni. Enlightenment leh theological modernism (mihring chhia leh hha hriatna leh finna hmanga Pathian thu zirna) chu an inzul tak avangin Kristianna chu Science thiamna hmang leh chhia leh tha hriatna, mihring ngaihtuahna fim tak hmanga chhuichhuah chu a phut ta a.
Chumi rah chhuah chu Reason (rilrua ngaihtuahna, hriat thiamna leh thutlukna dik tak siam tura a chhan zawng chhuak tura theihna) chu ‘Pathian Lehkha Thu Thuneihna’ leh ‘Kohhran’ chungah a awm tih pawmin nunna nei zawng zawng chungah leh zirna huang zawng zawng pawh tiamin ro a reltir a. Reason chuan a tawpah chuan historical critical method (history behchhana chik taka history zirna) hmanga mi thiamten Isua nihna tak tak leh kohhranin an sawi Isua Krista danglamna chu zawn chhuah tumna lamah a kaihruai ta a ni.
Schweitzer-a hun lai hian Chanchin |ha bu palite hi German rama Protestant Bible zir mite chuan rinhlelhna nen an thlir a. Thiangzau takin Lal Isua chanchin hi anmahni chhia leh tha hriatna milin an zir a, an theh darh ta a ni. Lal Isua thilmak tihte pawh hmasang thawnthu (myth) ang lekin an ngai a; Chanchin Tha bu ziaktute leh Kohhran hmasate phuah chawp mai mai niin an ngai a ni.
Enlightenment hun lai hian khawvel nihphung pangngai, Science thiamna hmanga finfiah theih (natural) leh leilung awmphung piah lama thil thil thleng, Science thiamna hmanga finfiah theih loh (supernatural) inkarah inhnialna leh Science thiamna hmanga finfiah tumna a lian êm êm a. Chuvangin, Bible-a Lal Isua chanchin te, a thilmak tih te leh Pathian ram chungchang, mihring thiamna atanga finfiah theih loh te, Lal Isua thil mak tih – damlo tih dam, mitthi kaithawh, thihna hneha a thawh lehna te kha puithuna atthlak angah an chhuah a. Bible-a Lal Isua chanchin leh a thiltih zawng zawngte kha hmasang thawnthu (myth) ang leka chhuah kha an tum ber a ni.
Hetih hun laia Scottish Philosopher ropui David Hume-a ngaih dan chuan mi tam tak a kaihruai bawk a. A ngaih dan chuan thilmak (miracle) chu leilung dan (natural law) kalh a ni a, he leilung dan hi tihdanglam loha a tir atanga awm a nih avang leh kan tawnhriatin a nemngheh tlat avangin miracle chu awm thei lo tluk a ni tiin a sawi a. Chuvangin, David Hume chuan Bible-a Lal Isua chanchin te leh Pathian thiltih mak te hi a ring lo a ni.