Myanmar tualchhung indona avangin tun hnaiah November 13 vel atang khan raltlan 1,500 chuang an awm tawh a. Myanmar Amry leh pro-democracy militia te western Chin State Mizoram hnaiah an inbeihna avang a ni ber a. Myanmar sipai Tatmadaw te chu Chin national Amry (CNA leh Chin Defense Force te nena an inbeih hnuah Khawmawi leh Rihkhawdar military camp te chu pro-democracy lam chuan an lain an thunun tawh tih a ni a. Myanmar sipai 39 te pawh Mizoram-ah tlanchhia in hei erawh Indian defence lam te chuan an thawnhaw leh nghal a ni.
Myanmar dinhmun dik tak?
Chin State a inbeihna thlen hma hian China ramri hrul Shan State ah Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA) leh Arakan Army (AA) ethnic armed group pathum te chuan inthuruala chetlakna an nei a. He an hmalakna hi October 27 a neih tan a nih avangin a hmingah “Operation 1027” tih a ni a. Shan State ah phei chuan Myanmar sipai an tla chhe duai duai a ni ber.
Tatmadaw te chuan military outpost leh an hmun hrang hrang te tlanchhiatsanin tun buaina avang hian UN chuan Shan State bikah mi 60,000 chuangin an in leh lo an chhuahsan tiin ram pumah mi 2,00,000 velin chenna mumal an nei lo a ti bawk a, sipai sorkarin thuneihna an chan hnuah civilian chenna mumal nei lova siam mi maktaduai hnih vel an awm tawh a ti bawk.
Tuna Myanmar tualchhung indona chhuahchhan?
February 2021 khan State Administrative Council (SAC) tih mai Myanmar armed forces tena an thunun chuan civilian National League for Democracy kaihhruai sorkar chu paihthlain an hruaitu Aung San Suu Kyi leh legislator leh party official dangte chu an man zui a. Junta te hian thuneihna an chan chhan chu November 2020 inthlan international observer ten a tha tawk an tihah chuan thil fello a awm vang tih chu an chhuanlam a ni. Sipaite chetdan chuan Myanmar in 2008 constitution behchhana democratic kawng a zawng mek chu a chhuchat zui ta a ni.
He constitution-ah hian parliament a 25% chu military officer la tang mekte tana dahin home, border affairs, leh defence te chu an enkawl tura a tih a ni bawk a. Heng te an thunun tlat avang hian civilian powers chuan thuneihna a nei tlem hle.
Tatmadaw thlawp Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) te chu kum 2010 khan din a ni a, mahse, NLD lakah kum 2015 inthlanah an chak lo nghal a, Suu Kyi chuan ‘State counsellor of Myamar’ nihna a chelh zui a. Kum 2015 inthlanah NLD te chuan inthlanah seat 96% la in hnehna nasa takin an chang a ni.
February 2021 a sipai tena thuneihna an chan hnuah ram pum huapin lungawi lohna lantir a ni a, heng te hi civil servant te huaihawt leh kalpui ni deuh berin ‘Spring Revolution’ tia sawi a ni. NLD leh ethnic lawmaker te chuan political body thar Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (or National Parliament in Burmese) tih chu an din a, a hnuah civil society actors, ethnic party aiawh te chuan National Unity Consultative Council (NUCC) – pro-democratic forces te lungruala chetho theihna tur an din zui bawk.
NUCC chuan a hnuah April 2021 a National Unity Government (NUG) in Myanmar federal democracy a nih theih nana constitution leh politcal roadmap an siam te “federal democratic charter” (FDC) chu an pawmpui zui bawk a. March 2022 khan npon-bamar minority identity leh equality demand an pawmpui hnuah FDC final publication chu tihchhuah a ni ta a ni. United States Institute of Peace chuan tuna Myanmar sipai sorkar duhlohna hi Myanmar history a political coalition huapzo ber hmanga kalpui a ni a ti.
Junata te eawh chuan tharum hmangin an beilet thung a, hei vang hian NUG te chuan People’s Defense Forces (PDF) an din phah ta a, September 2021 khan PDF leh rebel pawl dang te cfhu junta te bei tura tiin civil war a chhuak ta a ni ber.
Junta te chuan nasa takin counter-insurgency strategy hmangin civilian leh resistance force te chu an beilet zui a, khua te, school te halin vansang atangin a khua leh tui te ngei ngei pawh indo thlawhna te hmangin a bei zui ta a ni.
Myanmar sorkar paihtlak hnua ethnic organisation te hmalakna zel?
Burmese independence hma pawh khan non-Bamar ethnic group te chuan Burma sorkarah federal autonomy an lo ngiat daih tawh a. Kum 1962 a sipai tena thuneihna an chan hnu khan sipaite chuan khauh zawkin hma an la a, chuvang chuan ethnic-group hel pawl an pian phah zui a ni. Kum 1970 chho atang khan Burmese sorkar chuan hnam hrang hrang te inlak hran deuh theihna tur chu namnul tuma hma a lakna avangin helna hrang hrang apiang zui a ni.
Ethnic armed actor te chuan tatmadaw te atanga beihna nasa tak an chang chungin an huamchhung ram chin chu tha deuh takin an thunun thei a. Tatmadaw te chuan ethinic armed actor te chu a hneh hlei thei chuang lo, chuvangin autonomy leh minority area thenkhatah chuan inremna siampui zawk hialin an ralthuamte an chelek a remti hial zawk a ni.
Tunah pawh NUG tena ram puma helna kalpuia sipaite do tura an ngenna chu ethnic armed group te chu an chhan let dan a inang vek lo bawk. NUG hi Karen (Karen National Union), Kachin (Kachin Independence Organization), Chin (Chin National Front) leh Karenni (Karenni National Progressive Party) rebels te chuan thlawpin, Myanmar army te beiin anti-coup milita an din a. Chutihrual chuan NUG in NUG command hnuaia single ‘Federal Army’ an rawt chu an hnawl tho.
Junta tena ethnic armed organisation an beih hmasak ber hi October 2021 khan Chin State ah thlengin khavang khan Mizoram leh Manipur-ah raltlan tam tak an awm phah reng a ni. New Delhi chaun khauh takin ramri hawng lo tur leh tanpuina pe lo tura a tichungin Mizoram chuan Union government thupek chu namnulin raltlan te thawnlet duh lovin enkawlna a siam zawk a ni.
NUCC hi group dang pariat an zinga Restoration Council of Shan State (RCSS), New Mon State Party (NMSP), Pa-O National Liberation Organization (PNLO) te pawh telna chuan a tirah chuan an zawm a, mahse, a hnuah erawh junta te nena inkahhai an siam chu kenkawh zel an thlang thung.
TNLA, Kokang-based MNDAA, leh Shan State northern group te bakah Rakhine state a inbun group dang te chuan junta te tithinrim chuang si lovin mahni intihchakna remchangah hmangin hma an la nasa hle bawk a. Heng group te hi United Wa State Army (UWSA) te NUG te nena inzawmna nei duh lo junta te nena pre-coup relationship la chhunzawm zel te nen inzawmna nei an ni bawk.
Brotherhood Alliance MNDAA leh TNLA te telna chuan october atanga junta te nena indona an kalpui chuan rang takin thil awm dan thlakin junta te chu a talbuai tir fe tawh a ni.
Heng ethnic group pathum te hian tinzawn leh duh an nei vek tiin International Crisis Group-a article tihchhuah Richard Horsey ziah chuan a tarlang a.
MNDAA te hian “Kokang Self-Administration Zone” a junta tena border guard te an hmelma te zawk duhsaka an dah chu an teithei lo va, hei bakah hian gambling leh illicit industry turu tak thununtu nih an duh a ti a. TNLA te hian Taa’ng region ah autonomous ngiatin Chinese border chu strategic leh economic thilah thlunzawma thununtu nih an fuh a, AA te hi Rakhine a inbun niin anni pawhin economic interest an nei bawk, a ti.
Myanmar sipaite a nghawng dan?
“Operation 1027” chuan Myanmar sipai te na taka nghawngin civil war chu kawng hrang hrangin a beihlet a ngaih phah a ni. Nasa taka chet a la chungin heng hel pawl te hi World War II lai atang tawha inbun tawh an nih avangin chuti maia chhutsawp mai theih an ni lo va, namnul chi an ni hek lo. Chuvangin na taka chet lain vansang atangin bomb te nena chet a lak nasat avangin civil war chu a nasat zual phah bawk.
International actor China te ang ngaihdan?
Myanmar than hnai ber chu China a ni a, China chuan northern ethnic armed forces te tuna junta te nena indo mekte nen inzawmna an nei tha tho bawk. Beijing chuan tharumthawhna tihtawp a nih theih nan aw ka a chhuah chungin Chinese te chuan hel pawl tena Kokang zone anga ‘telecom scam centre’ te chu khar an tum dawn thu an sawi avangin Myanmar buaina chu en liam an remti tia sawi a ni.
MNDAA te chuan Kokang a Laukkai khua junta thlawp militia tena an enkawl leh cybercrime compound tam tak awmna chu an beih tur thu an sawi bawk a. Heng illicit centre-ah hian Chinese mi leh sa leh South East Asia mi te tam tak awmin internet fraud, theft leh cybercrime activity Chinese khua leh tuite leh midang te laka kalpui nasa tute an ni.
Mahse ICG te chuan buaina hian hunrei a awh a nih chuan China chuan heng enthnic group te hi thunun a tum ang an ti thung a, a chhan ber pawh Belt and Road project a kalpui mekah China-Myanmar Economic Corridor kaihhnawihah economic interest a neih vang an ti.
ASEAN group-ah pawh ngaihdan inang lo a awm mek reng a. India chuan Myanmar a democracy tundin a thlawp rualin tun civil war ah tumah thlawp a neih a lantir hauh lo bawk.
Myanmar ram chuan buaina namen lo a tawk mek a. Sipai te pawh an mangang hle tawh tia sawi a ni bawk a. Myanmar sipaite tan heng hel pawl hrang hrangte hi awlsam taka chhutmih theih a ni miah lo bawk. Hei vang hian engtia rei nge Myanmar civil war hian a awh dawn hriat theih a ni lo va, sipai sorkar zawk pawh paithlaka awm thei a ni bawk.