Prof. Vanlalchhawna
Finance Commission atanga state sawrkar sum hmuh hi hlawm hnih -sawrkar laipui chhiah a state chanvo (share in central taxes & duties) leh sawrkar laipui tanpuina (Grants-in-aid) te an ni. Sawrkar laipui chhiah insemtheih te hi Corporation tax, Income tax, Central GST, Customs, Union Excise Duty, Service tax leh Other Taxes and Duties te an ni. Sawrkar laipui tanpuina hi state sum indaihlohna tanpuina te, tualchhung sawrkar tanpuina te, chhiat tawh thulh a tanpuina leh State mamawh leh tul bik atana tanpuina sum te an ni. Tun tumah hian Finance Commission hnuaia Mizoram sawrkar sum hmuh dan tlangpui tarlan kan tum a ni.
VERTICAL & HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION
Sawrkar laipui chhiah atanga sum lutte hi Finance Commission ruahmanna angin state leh sawrkar laipui ten an insem thin; hei hi ‘vertical distribution’ tih a ni. Kum 2000 hma lam zawng khan Income tax leh Union Excise Duty chauh hi insem thin a ni. Tenth Finance Commission (1995-2000) rawtna angin sawrkar laipui chuan kum 2009 khan India Danpui siamthat vawi 80-na neiin, sawrkar laipui chhiah zawng zawng hi kum 2000 atanga state leh sawrkar laipui insemturin ruahman a ni ta.
State hrang hrang insem dan tur hi tehfung fel tak hmangin Finance Commission hian a ruahman thin a. Hei hi ‘horizontal distribution’ tih a ni. Finance Commission 15-na hian State hrang hrang chan tur sem rual nan mipui tam lam te, state len zawng te, ramngaw neih zau zawng te, mi pakhat hisapa state sum lak luh tam lam te, chhiah lakna lama hmalakna leh mihring punna zat tihtlem kawnga hmalakna te tehfungah a hmang a ni.
TIED & UNTIED FUND
Sawrkar laipui chhiaha State chanvo leh state sum indaihlohna tanpuinate hi state sawrkarin a mamawh dan anga a hman theih a ni. State sum indaihlohna tanpuina ‘post-devolution revenue deficit grants (PDRD)’ hi sawrkar laipui chhiah atanga state chanvo siamrem hnuaa sum indaihlohna ‘revenue deficit’ nei state-te hnenah pek thin a ni; state zawng zawng pek an ni ngai lo. Heng sumte hi state sawrkar inenkawlna tur, state sawrkar kuta awm an ni; hei vang hian ‘untied fund’ tih a ni. Hman bang a awm a nih chuan rotling thil siamnan emaw, hma thar laknan emaw an hmang thei. Grants-in-aid dang zawng hi hmanna tur awmsa ‘tied fund’ tih an ni thung. Tualchhung sawrkar pual tanpuina te, chhiah tawh thila tanpuina te, ‘upgradation grants’ leh ‘special problem grants’ zawng zawngte hi a huap a ni.
STATUTORY & DISCRETIONARY TRANSFERS
Sawrkar laipui chhiah atanga state chanvo hi India danpui chang 270 angin Finance Commission-in a semrual thin a. Sawrkar laipui tanpuina hi danpui chang 275 anga ruahman a ni thung. Hengte hi ‘statutory transfers’ tih a ni. A chhan chu Parliament remtihna angin Consolidated Fund of India atanga pek chhuah a nih vang a ni. Pek ngei ngei tur a ni. Central Ministry leh department atanga tanpuina sum State sawrkarin a hmuh thin hi ‘discretionary transfers’ tih a ni thung; danpui chang 282 anga pek a ni. Central Sector Schemes leh Centrally Sponsored Scheme atanga dawn te hi an ni. Parliament remtihna a ngai lova, ministry/department ruahmanna angin pek chhuah mai a ni.
Sawrkar laipui atanga Mizoram sawrkar sum hmuh zaa 80 vel hi Finance Commission rawtna anga dawn a ni; India danpui hnuaia kan chanai ve reng, kut dawhin a dawh chhuah ang emaw, kan ram hruaitute sawichhuah emaw an ni vek lo. Centrally Sponsored Scheme leh Externally Aided Project bikah hian state sawrkar thawh that dan azirin hmuh tam leh hmuh tlem a awm thei thung. Central Sector Scheme hi ram pum huapa sawrkar laipui hmalakna a ni.
UNION TERITORY (UT) LEIBAT
Kum 1987-a Mizoram chu State puiltinga hlan kai a nih khan UT hnuaiah plan sum leiba rip tak a luhpui a. March 31, 1990 thleng khan Rs vbc 120.59 a tling tawh a. Hei hi State thar tan phurrit a tlin avangin Ninth Finance Commission (1990-95) chuan thaibo (write-off) mai ni se a tih angin Rs vbc 110.49 lai chu sawrkar laipui hian a thaibo ta a ni. Ninth Finance Commission (1989-90) atangin Mizoram chu Finance Commission hnuaiah a lut ve tan a; member-ah Pu Lal Thanhawla pawh ruat a ni a; mahse, a hun hi a hmang zo lo.
LENGPUI AIRPORT
Tenth Finance Commission (1995-2000) hian ‘Mizoram mamawh pawimawh tak nia lang chu Airport, Lengpui a siam hi a ni’ a ti a. He ruahmanna hi Tenth FC hian ‘Ministry of Home Affairs pawhin a thlawp’ a ti nghe nghe. Hemi atan hian cheng vaiblechhia 57 ruahman a ni. State sawrkar rawtna angin ‘runway’ hi fit 10,000 a sei tur a ni. Airport sak hna hi December 1995-ah tanin February 1998-ah sak zawh a ni. Test flight hi September 1, 1998-ah neih niin, January 22, 1999 khan Home Minister L.K. Advani-an a hawng. Senso zawng zawng hi Rs vbc 97.98 a ni.
NEW CAPITAL PROJECT (KHATLA)
Eleventh Finance Commission (2000-2005) hian ‘special problems grant’ hnuaiah New Capital Project sakna tur Rs vbc 40 a ruahman a; hei bakah Raj Bhavan Complex sak nan Rs vbc 10 leh Guwahati, New Delhi leh Calcutta khawpuia ‘tourist information centre’ siam nan Rs vbc 2 a ruahman bawk.
BAFFACOS & SPORT COMPLEX
Twelfth Finance Commission (2005-10) hian ‘special problem grants’ hnuaiah bawk project lian tak pahnih Bamboo Flowering and Famine Combat Scheme (BAFFACOS) leh Sport Complex min pe a. BAFFACOS hi kum 2007-08 a Mautam lo thleng tur inbuatsaihna a ni; hemi atan hian Mizoram sawrkar chuan Rs vbc 566 lai a ruahman a. Twelfth Finance Commission hian Rs vbc 40 Mizoram sawrkar a pe.
Sport Complex sak nan Rs vbc 50 dil a ni bawk a, Rs vbc 25 pek kan ni; Rajiv Gandhi Stadium, Salem Veng (Mualpui) sak nan hman a ni. March 6, 2010 khan Pi Sonia Gandhi-in a lungphum a phum a; Mizorama infiamna hmun hma changkang zawk kan neih theihna tura hmahruaitu pawimawh tak a ni.
STATE SPECIFIC GRANTS (RS 250 CRORE)
Thirteenth Finance Commission (2011-2016) hian project 10 atan ‘State Specific Grant’ Rs vbc 250 Mizoram a pe a. Chung te chu Sainik School (Rs vbc 50) te, Raj Bhavan (Rs vbc 30) te, lungin sakna (Rs vbc 30) te, Autononmous District Council pathum te Secretariat sak thatna (Rs vbc 25) te, Khatla khelmual siamna (Rs vbc 2) te, ramri hrula police station/chenna leh outposts sakna (Rs vbc 31) te, PHC 15 leh sub-centres 150 sakna (Rs vbc 30) te, Fire station sakna (Rs vbc 20) te, Civil Secretariat building sak belhna (Rs vbc 20) bakah Hliappui khua-a ‘Heritage centre’ siamna leh ‘auditorium leh ‘public library’ sakna leh kawngpui siamthatna (Rs vbc 12) te an ni.
ECOLOGICAL TRANSFERS
Ramngaw leh nungcha te hi mihringte nunna hnar, boruak tha siamtu, tuihna thianghlim siamtu, ei tur chi hrang hrang innghahna a ni; hei hi ‘ecosystem service’ tih a ni. Hei vang hian ngawpui te hi hmasawnna atan thiah darh mai mai phal a ni tawh lova. Hetiang a nih avang hian state sawrkar thenkhat ten sum tam tak an chan phah ve thung; hei hi ‘cost disability’ emaw ‘opportunity cost’ emaw tih a ni. Finance Commission ruahmanna angin state te hi an hloh thawi dam nan tanpuina sum a pe thin; hei hi ‘ecological transfers’ tih a ni.
Twelfth Finance Commission khan ‘forest grant’ Rs vbc 25 lai min pe a; Thirteenth Finance Commission (2011-15) khan Rs vbc 171.20 a ruahman bawk. Finance Commission-14-na hian a hmasa ber atan, state chanvo semrual nan ‘forest coverage’ a hmang a; tehfung hlutna 7.5% a ni. FC 15-na hian ‘forest and ecology’ tiin a chhunzawm a, a hlutna 10% a ni. Ngawpui zau zawng lak nan ‘very dense forest’ leh ‘moderately dense forest’ te hman a ni.
PLANNING COMMISSION A AWM TA LO
Kum 2014-ah Planning Commission tihtawp niin, a aiah NITI Aayog chu kum 2015-ah din a ni. Plan sum – Normal Central Assistance te, Special Central Assistance te, Additional Central Assistance (CSS, EAP) te an awm ta lova. Hei vang hian Finance Commission 14-na (2016-2021) khan sawrkar laipui chhiah atanga State chantur hi zaah 42-in a tipung a; state inrelbawlna bakah hmasawnna sum tam zawk awm thei tura ngaih a ni. Vanduaithlak takin, Mizoram bikah chuan, Seventh Pay Commission rawtna hman a nih tak avangin sum tam zawk lo luang lut belh hi sawrkar hnathawk hlawhah a kal ve thung. Sawrkar-in duh thala sum hman tur a neih tlem phah niin a lang.
Planning Commission a awm tak loh avangin State sawrkar te chu mahni state hmasawnna hna thawk tura ngaih an lo nih tak avangin Mizoram sawrkar pawhin ‘New Economic Development Policy (NEDP)’ a ruahman a, kawng hrang hrangin hma a la ve nghal a ni. FC 14-na hian ‘upgradation grant’ leh ‘special problem grant’ a ruahman lova. FC 15-na khan ruahmanna tam tak a siam thung a; amaherawh chu ‘health grant’ bak tihpuitlin a ni ta lo. Tunah hian Finance Commission 16-na kan hmachhawn mek a; State hruaitu tha tak tak kan nei a, Mizoram tan pawh ruahmanna tha tak siam turin i beisei ang u.