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India a lum zual zel dawn, NE pawh a lum tial tial

Climate crisis chu nakina thil lo thleng tur a ni tawh lo. A thleng mek reng tawh a, hasatna la tawnhriat ngailoh tam tak min thlen mek tawh. Temperature a sang a, ruahsur dan a inthlak danglam a, khawchin na tak heng temperature record sang uchuak te leh ruahsur nasa turu lutuk te chu a thleng ta fo mai.
Kuminah pawh February thla kha nikum 1901 hnua India ram lum ber a ni der a. July 2021 a The Lancet a kum sawm hnih (2000-2019) zirchianna tihchhuahah extreme temperature avanga nunna chan khawvel pumah maktaduai nga chuang an awm tawh a ti a. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report pawhin global warming nasa zelah extreme heat events te chu a thleng zing tial tial dawn an ti lawksa tawh bawk.
Khawvel lum zawkah kan cheng mek
Centre for Study of Science, Technology and Policy (CSTEP) ten zirchianna an neihah India ramah nipui lai leh thlasik laiin temperature a sang tial tial an ti a. Kum 30 chhung (1990-2019) a maximum leh minimum temperature sanna chu 0.9 degree Celcisus leh 0.5 degree Celcius tiin an sawi.
Summer temperature chu district tamtak Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhang, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Gujarat leh Northeast ah te 0.5C atangin 0.9C ah a sang tawh an t bawk a. Chutiang bawkin winter temperature pawh 0.5C atangin 0.9C ah India district 54% ah a sang tawh a, India chhim lam aiin hmarchhakah khua a lum chak zawk an ti bawk.
Khawlum sang zel hian tawrhna nasa tak leh thihna hial te a thlen thei a. Agriculture lamah harsatna namenlo siamin hei bakah hian khawchina innghat thil tam tak te nghawngin environment a nghawng a na hle bawk.
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, leh Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre tena inthuruala kum 50 dan zela mihring chetlakna vang tel lova extreme-heat wave thleng thei thina an ngaih chu tunah chuan mihring te chetlakna avangin a let ngain a thleng zing ta zawk an ti. Khawvel luma chu 2 degree Celcius aia hnuaia dah a nih chuan hetianga extreme event thlen theihna hi a let 14 in a sang a, 4 degree Celcius hnuaia a awm chuan a let 40-in a thlen theihna a sang an ti thung.
Eng tianga lum zel tur nge?
CSTEP tena kum 30 chhung 2021-2050 atana summer maximum temperature san zelna tur an hisap lawknaah India rama district 100 chuangah temperature chu a pangngai aia 2 degree Celcisus atanga 3.5 degree Celcius thlengin a san phah dawn an ti a, district 455 ah 1.5-2 degree Celcius in a san phah dawn an ti bawk.
Chu mai chu a la ni lo. Winter minimum temperature pawh 0.5 degree Celcius atangin 3.5 degree Celcisus ah a sang turah dah a ni bawk a. Winter temeprature chu district atanga 1% velah 2.5-3 degree Celcius vela sanbelh tura ngaiha nih laiin district 485 ah chuan 1-1.5 degree Celcius a san belh turah an dah thung.
Thil chiang taka an ngaih chu summer maximum leh winter maximum temperature chu a sang zel dawn tih a ni a. Chu chuan plants te thandan te, ecological system te mai bakah carbon economy te a khawih danglam nasa dawn a, a chhan chu chhun leh zana temperature danglam dan nasa zual zel chuan lei quality a khawih danglam vang a ni.
Hei bakah hian Diurnal temperature range (DTR) – nikhat thil thua high air temperature leh low temperature inthlauhna chu a danglam nasa an ti bawk a. December 2020 a zirchianna Department of Science and technology tena an neihah DTR hi kum 1991 leh 2016 inkar chhung khan north-west, Gangetic plain kaihhnawih leh central India agro-climate zone ah te a tlahniam nasa hle an ti a. He tlakhniamna hian heat stress nasa zawka siamin chu chuan khawkheng, thlai thanthu leh thlai te thihna nasa zawk a thlen thei an ti bawk.
IFRC leh midang tena zirchianna intawm an neih an tihchhuahah pawh hun lo la awm turah heat wave nasa zel chuan mihring tawrh theih bak taksa leh vantlang unhonaah pawh a thlen dawna chu chuan tawrhna nasa tak, thihna leh awm hmun pemsanna hial a thlen dawn an ti a. Khawpui bikah pawh khawlum zel leh khawpuia cheng pung zel chuan mi tam tak extreme heat avanga tawrhna a thlen ngei ang an ti bawk.
Kum 2019 International Labour Organisation report chuan India chuan kum 2030 ah chuan heat stress avangin working-hour 5.8% a hloh dawn an ti bawk a. Agriculture leh construction sector a hloh chu 9.04% ni dawnin chu chu absolute term ah chan 34 million full-time jobs tluk a ni ang an ti bawk a. July 2021 a zirchianna pawhin extreme heat avanga nunna channa chu tun kum zabi zahveah chuan sang tak a ni tawh dawn a, ram chhunga cancer leh infectious disease avanga nunna chan tam lam nen a intluk reng tawh ang an ti bawk.
Tun hun hi hmalak hun
Tun hun hi state te chuan mawhphurhna lain Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction kalpuiin early warning system, public awareness hmng te leh heat action plan te siama hmalak hun a ni an ti.
Hei bakah hian extreme heat te do thei turin innovation strategy te ngaihtuah a ngai a, Toronto leh Paris khawpuia emergency cooling centre an siam ang te chu buaipui ngai tawh leh extreme heat emaw heat waves Athens khawpuia thlenga survival guidelines an siam ang te kalpui a hun tawh an ti a, hei mai bkah hian Los Angeles khawpuiin ni eng zung chhun let nana white roof a kalpui te, Rotterdam khwpuiin green rooftop a kalpui te, Abu Dhabi in self-shading tower block a kalpui te leh Medllin khawpuiin green corridor a siam ang te chu kalpui ngai tia sawi a ni.
Chung aia pawimawh chu district-level tinah heat hotspot map siamin State a department hrang hrang leh district tin te chuan extreme heat avanga nunna chan a nih loh nan leh awmze nei zawka tawrh thiam a nih theih nana hmalakna an kalpui a ngai tiin mithiam te chuan an sawi bawk.

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