By Malsawmkimi Zarkawt
A tûlna hre zelin environment humhalh beihpui chu ram tinah apui apangin an thlak ta mup mup mai. Hei hian India hmarchhak state tê tak tê, mi nuai 13 vêl chênna Mizoram thlengin min rawn man pha ve a; pawl hrang hrangte, movement-te, media-te leh Kohhran leh zirna in kaltlang te in kan environment tlu chhe mek venhim leh siam that lam hawiin mahni zâwn theuhah ke kan pen ta suau suau mai le. Kan sik leh sa inher danglam dan te, kan ramngaw chereu chak lutuk te, kum tina kan lui tui kâm tiâl tiâl te, nungcha an awmna tûr hmun a hmuh tûr awm ta mang lo te, kan hnâwmhnawk inchhêkkhawl reih ruih leh plastic kan hman uar êm avânga harsatna leh chhiatna kan tawh thin te ngaihtuah chuan a mak hran lo e, environment humhalh kawng a kan harh hi a hun tawh viau zawk atin a ni.
Khawvel awm tirh ata a chhunga chêng thilsiam zawng zawngte hi mumal taka inmamawh tawn theuh, mahni zâwna tangkaina nei vekin kan lo awm a, thilnung tinrêngte dam khawchhuahna tûra mamawh zawng zawng phuhru tûr hi he khawvelah hian alo awm kim sa biai a ni. Mihringte hi he khawvel environment tikimtu pawimawh tak pakhat kan ni a, kan environment enkawlna kawngah hian mawhphurhna sâng tak kan koah a tla bawk. Hun te kal zelin, hmun tinah mihring hi kan lo inzâr pharh ta a, thiamna alo sângin, kawng tinrêngah hmasawnna a rawn awm a hei hian duhâmna leh mahni hmasialna lamah pawh min hruai thûk telh telh a tih theih awm e. Mihringte nawmsakna ûm luatah leh duhâmnain chintâwk a neih tâk loh avangin a tûl vang ni si lovin, kan mamawh aia tam kan environment kan tichhe ta ruih ruih mai a, hetiang thil kan tih lai hian ramngaw, lui leh nungcha tinrengte chu kan hnualsuat a, kan ti chereu nasa êm êm mai a, kan ecosystem-ah in bûk tâwklohna nasa tak alo awm ta a, a tîr ata inmamawh tawn theuha siam kan lo nih miau si avangin mihringte pawhin kan tawrh phah mêk a, kan la tuar zel dâwn ni te pawhin a lang. Mizoramah ngei pawh hei hi a takin hmuh tur kan nei ve ta; amaherawhchu, siam that theih loh khawpa chhia chu kan la ni lo ve a tih theih ang. Siam that hna erawh midang kuta dah lovin tun atanga mimal tin te’n tangruala kan thawh a tul tawh thung.
India Danpui chuan inhne rem taka thukhat vuaa he ramah hian kan chênho theih nân khua leh tui kan nihna anga kan chanvo leh tihtur te min hrilh a, mi tam zawk hi chuan kan dikna chanvo kan hriat viau rualin kan tih ve tur lam erawh kan ngaihthah thung niin a lang a, Fundamental Duty Article 51 -A (g) ah chuan kan natural environment (ramngaw, lui, nungcha) te humhalh leh thilnung tinrengte chunga ngilneihna lantir hi mimal tinte tih makmawh a ni tih min hrilh a ni. Heng kan natural environment-te humhalh leh siam that hna hi NGO te emaw sawrkar emaw thahnemngai mi thenkhatte emaw tih tur bîk ni lovin he rama chêng zawng zawngte mawhphurhna zâwk alo ni reng mai. Thilnung tinrêng, a tê ber atanga a lian ber chunga ngilneihna lantir hi kan tihtûr a nih si chuan kan ngainat leh lawm zawng chauh ni lo thilnungte pawh hi kan hnualsuat a kan duh ang anga kan thah chimit tûr an ni hauh lo tihna a ni. He kan ‘duty’ kan hlen hian kan mihring puite mai ni lo thilsiam dang zawng zawngte nen inlaichînna tha min siamsaktu tur zawk a ni. Kan chênna ramah hian dikna chanvo kan dah lian a, Dán hnuaia zalenna kan duh theuh ang bawkin, kan rama chêng ve thilnung tinrêngte zalenna pawh hi kan pêk ve tûr a ni a, he ramah hian hlau leh ti reng renga siam lova, Siamtu’n a siamdan anga thlamuang taka an chên ve theih hi an chunga ngilneihna kan lantir theih dân kawng tha ber a ni ta. Mihring hi thilsiam dangte chunga lêng a, a tihchhiat kawngah a ni emaw a vênhim kawngah a ni emaw fawng pawimawh tak chelhtu kan nih avangin heng kan khawngaihna hnuai a leng nungchate chunga kan awmdân hian mihring mihrinna a kan nihna pawh thui tak a hril thei awm e.
Environment humhalh leh siam that lam hawi kan sawi apianga sawi hmaih theih miah loh leh rilrua lang hmasa ber thin chu plastic pollution hi a ni a. Kum za vel liam ta mihringten plastic kan siam chhuah atanga tûn hun chhûtin a mak a mak a tam hi he khawvelah hian alo awm tawh a. Kan khawsakna kawng tinrêngah hian plastic hi a tel a tih theih ta. He hmanraw siamchhuah tlo leh zâng tak, duh ang anga her rem theih ni bawk si hian kawng tam takah mihringte nun a tih awlsam phah hle a, a hman pawh kan hmang nasa e. Amaherawhchu, kan environment tichhe mêktu lian ber zîng ami a ni lawi si. Nungchate tâna chhiatna thlentu thil hlauhawm tak a ni bawk. Ni tina kan plastic hman tam tak hi chu hman hnu hman nawn leh tur a siam that (recycle) emaw hâl ral (incinerate) emaw a ni lova. Bawlhhlawh dang anga a tawih ral ve mai theih loh avangin, a paihna hmun kan uluk si lova, kalna apiangah, ramngaw leh lui dungte thlengin plastic hmuh tur hi a awm ta nghêk nghûk mai a ni. Hei bakah hian plastic tê tak tê tê (microplastics) te chu plastic kan hman tam zâwk atanga lo insiam lehin mihring awm lohna hmun tin deuh thawah pawh alo awm tawh a ni tih zir mite chuan an sawi a. Heng plastic-te hian kan boruak, lei leh tuiah te chemical hlauhawm pe chhuakin, a bul vêla awm thilnung tinrengte chu nasa takin a nghawng thei a ni. A zawng zawng chuan plastic hi kalsan theih a ni tawh lova, a hmanna leh mamawh tih tlêm erawh kan tih ve a tul a ni. Polythene kan hman nasatzia hi sawi tam ngai lovin kan hre theuh âwm e. Mamawh lam tûra dâwr kal nikhuaa polythene khâi haw ngai lova mahni ip kan pâi mai hian nasa takin kan plastic hman a ti tlem dâwn a ni. Tun laiah awlsam tea plastic bûra tui lei kan uar ta em em hian a tihral kawngah harsatna min siam leh si a, kan duhna lai laiah kan thehthang leh ta thin a, kan lui kawr hnawhtu plastic zingah hian plastic bûr hi a tam em em a, mahni tui ûm ringa kan chhuahvah hi a hun tawh takzet a ni. Zûk leh hmuam ti nasa hnam kan ni a, hei hian a fûnna kâwr sarang (hman khat daih plastic) a chhawm tel lo thei si lova, hêng zûk leh hmuam kan tih nasat avanga nî tina keimahni mai nilo kan environment kan tihchhiat hi chhût dawn ila a tam khawp ang le. Hei bâkah hian nepnâwi sarâng (hman khat daih plastic) a tuam kan ei nasa em em mai te hi kan hriselna atâna tangkai ni si lo kan plastic hman tipungtu alo ni leh a. Heng sarânga tuam nepnâwite hi kan lei lo thei lo a nih pawhin a tlêm thei ang ber lei hi kan tân leh thilsiam dangte tân a tha em em a ni. Mizote hi incheina ngaina hnam kan ni a tih theih a, kan mamawh lêm loh pawh a man a tlâwm chuan lei belh mai thin kan ni a, heng kan thawmhnaw lei khâwmah hian kan hriat tur pawimawh tak alo awm a, chu chu kan environment a microplastics tam tak lo awm hi alo kalna lian tak pakhat chu kan thawmhnaw atangin a ni. Kan thawmhnaw synthetic fibre (polyester, nylon, spandex) atanga siam te hi kan sûk apiangin a la tê tak tê tê te chu kan insûkna thliah tam tak a kal a chu chu kan lei leh tui ah te alo insem darh leh ta thin a ni. Natural fibre tunlaia kan hâk tlânglâwn cotton, linen leh hemp kan tih te hi kan intihhmuh deuh deuh a tha khawp mai. Plastic atanga siam thil hrang hrang avanga kan leilung a microplastic pollution lo awm hian lei thatna siamtu pawimawh tak, leihnuaia chêng thilnungte a ti rêm thei a hei hian kan ram agriculture thlengin a nghawng thei a ni. Kan tui in turah leh kan eiturah te hian microplastics te hi lo awmin, kan taksa chhûng thlengin plastic hian min luhchhuah tawh tih mithiamte chuan an sawi. Hei hian kan hriselna pawh thui tak a nghawng thei awm e. Plastic lam chi hi mamawhna leh hmanna alo tam tâk êm avangin kum 1970 atanga 1980 hnu lamah chuan plastic hi mihring thil siamchhuah zînga pung chak ber alo ni ta hial a ni. Hemi a nih rual hian plastic hman tlêm dân kawng ngaihtuahin a thlâkna tur hrang hrangte pawh siamchhuah a ni ve zel a. Ni tina kan thil lei leh hmanah hian kan duhthlanna hmang tha in, kawng awlsam ringawt zawh lova kan environment tân a thil tha leh him zawk kan ngaihtuah tel zel ava pawimawh tawh em.
Zirchiannain a tarlan dânin khawvelah hian mihring billion 8 vel kan awm a, livestock kan tih mai a sa ei tûra ran kan vulh zât hi billion 70 chuang a ni a, kum tin ei atâna ran chi hrang hrang kan talh zât hi billion 55 chuang a ni. Hemi chhiarnaah hian tuia chêng nungcha kan man thin te a la tel lo. ‘Pet’ kan tih mihring bula chêng thin ran zînga a tam ber ui hi million 900 chuang khawvelah hian an awm nia chhût a ni a, hêng zîngah hian million 200 vel chu stray dog (ui enkawltu bîk nei lo khawlaia chêng) te an ni; a dawttuah zawhte hi million 700 chuang an awm ni a chhût a ni a, heta tang hian million 480 vel chu stray cat (enkawltu bik awm lo khawlaia chêng zawhte) an ni a chhût a ni bawk. Hêng ka rawn tarlan nachhan pakhat chu khawvela mihring awm zât leh livestock zât inthlau lutuk hi a ni a. Kum 50 kal ta atang khan mihring hi a lêt hnihin kan lo pung a, kan sa ei erawh a lêt thumin a pung thung. Hei hian mihringten sa leh a kaihhnawih kan ei nasatzia a tilang chiang awm e. Tin, keimahni mai ni lo kan ran (pet) te châwm nân sa hi kan lo mamawh tel lehzel a. Heti taka sa kan ei leh hman a tam avâng hian a vulhna tur atân ramngaw zau tak tak te thiah a ngaih phah fo a, mihring eitûr mai ni lo hêng ran vulh (livestock) zawng zawng te eitûr hi tam tak thar chhuah a lo ngai a, hei hian thlai chînna atân ramngaw tha tak tak te hi nasa takin a la hêk ta duai duai thin a ni. Khawvela tui kan hman zawng zawng 30% hi heng ran (livestock) kan vulhnaah hian a kal ral a ni. Sik leh sa inthlâk danglam (climate change) a mawhphurtu lian tak greenhouse gas emissions lo awm a 10-12% hi agriculture atangin a ni a, hemi ah hian hmun lia thena hmun thum chu sa leh bawnghnute siamna lam atanga lo awm a ni. Bawng vulh atang ringawt hian kan khawvel tilumtu boruak (greenhouse gas) hi kan veivahnaa motor kan hman zawng zawng ai pawhin a insiam chhuak hnem a ni tih mithiamte chuan a sawi a. Khawvela ram awm zawng zawng 30% hi livestock atan hian hman a ni tawh a. Tûn anga kan sa siamchhuah hi a kal zel a nih chuan kum 1999/2001-a 229 million ton chu kum 2050-ah chuan a lêt hnih aia tam 465 million ton-ah a chho dawrh dawn a ni tiin mithiamte chuan an chhût bawk a. Livestock sumdawnna hi khawvela kan tui tlan tlêm zêl a chhiatna siamtu lian tak pakhat a ni a, ran vulhnaa a thli chi hrang hrangte chu luiah luang lûtin hei hian water pollution nasa takin a siam thin a ni. Mihring kan pung zel si a, mamawhna pawh alo pung zel dawn a. Sa, bawnghnute leh artui te hi khawvela protein 40% kan hmuhna hnar a ni a, khawvel ram hrang hrang, Mizoramah ngei pawh a thlâkna tur dang hi ala tlêm êm êm a. Tin, harsa zâwkte tâna eizawnna petu tangkai tak a lo ni bawk nen livestock hi mihring tana thil pawimawh êm êm a ni a. Amaherawhchu, kan environment tâna thil hlauhawm tak a ni mêk bawk si. Mizote pawhin sa leh a kaihhnawih hi kan ngaina êm êm a, hmasawnna lo awm dâwr lian tak tak a rawn awm chho zêl a, sa leh a kaihhnawih kan lei thin te hi khawi atanga lo kal nge a nih tih leh kan environment tihchhiat kawnga a sulhnu hi kan lo la chhût ngai lo anih chuan tûn atanga kan rilrua kan dah a va pawimawh em. Ei loh chu thil theih loh tluk a ni a, ei leh in tih tlêm a, kan taksain a mamawh aia tam lâkluh loh erawh kan zir a ngai hle tawh a ni. Kan ei tam luat avanga kan hriselna thlenga a khawih pawi pawh a tam tawh hle si a.
Kan environment tichhetu langsâr zual kan tarlan tâk te bâkah hian mihringten kan mamawhna a sân êm avanga fossil fuel kan tih, ni tin aloa kan awm theih loh electric, gas leh oil (petrol, diesel) kan hmuhna hnâr avanga kan leilung nasa taka verh chhiat a awm mêk te hian kan environment a tichhe nasa em em a. Fossil fuel zawnnaah leh an lâkna lamah hian tuia nungchate leh khawmual nungchate chênna hmun nasa takin tihchhiat a ni thin bawk. Hman zawh theih (nonrenewable resource) a nih bawk avangin a man pawhin tam lam a pan zel a rinawm a. Hei vang hian tûn atanga inrenchem taka hman kan zir a ngai a. Chu chuan kan sum leh pai hmanchhuah mai bakah kan khawvel tilumtu boruak (greenhouse gas) insiam tur tam tak a ti tlem dawn bawk a ni.
Kan khawvel kawng hrang hranga kan tihchhiat mêk lai hian a tuar nasa ber tih theih, an tawrh thu erawh sawi ve thei si lo te chu nungcha tinreng tui leh khawmuala chêngte hi an ni a. Mizoram, Kristiante ramah ngei pawh Siamtu’n a tir ata tha ti em ema a siam, kan vêla chêng ramsate him lohzia chu kan ramngaw dur khup chhunga nungcha hmuh tur an awm ta mang lo mai te hian a tichiang awm e. Ramvah leh sa kah hi kan hnama bet, hmânlâi ata tawh kan pi leh puten an lo tih thin a ni a, hei hi thangtharte pawhin kan la chhawm zel ni te pawhin a lang. Dânin a phal lo chung leh humhalh an ngai êm êm nachungin, kan ramah hian tul lova ramsa leh sava kah kan la uar hle mai. He kan chîn dân tha lo hi kan sim loh a tûn ang zêla kan ramsa neih ve chhun chhunte kan thah chimit zel chuan kan thlahteah nghawng nasa tak ala nei dawn a ni tih i hre thar leh ang u. Mahni hmasial tak leh châk zâwng zâwng a khawsa tûra he khawvelah hian awm kan ni lo tih Kristiante chuan kan inzirtir fo thin hi a taka kan zawm ava hun ta em. Mihringte hmasawnna dâltu lian tak pakhat chu ‘hmân ata tawh kan lo tih dân thin a ni’ tia thil tha lama insiamrem kan harsat tlat thin hi a ni awm e. Khawvel alo inher danglama hmanlai anga kan nunphung ngai kan kalpui a rem tawh loh chhan tam tak alo awm zel a, kan tih thin dânte thlâk ngam tura rilru dik kan put theih a ngai em em tawh a ni. |ul lova environment kan suasam fo hi thilsiam dangte mai ni lo kan mihring puite pawi kan sawi theihna lian tak a ni tih hriain, tuna kan thil tih ho te anga kan ngaih hian nakin thlengin nghawng thui tak a nei thei a ni tih hrereng ila, chhuan lo la awm zel tur te tan kan ram hi chênna tlâkah i siam ang u. Mi tinte hian hemi kawngah hian pawimawhna kan nei theuh a ni tih hria in, mi tlem têin environment humhalh kawnga theihtawpa thaa an insiamrem aiin, mi nuai tam takin kawng khat tal a kan insiamthat hian nghawng a nei thui zawk a ni tih i hre thar leh ang u.