um 1941 vel khan khatih laia Burma tuna Myanmar ram British colonial rorelna atanga a inlakhran hma kum sarih velah Bangkok khawpuia ceremony neihah Burma independence movement kalpuitu ber revolutionary group Thirty Comrades te chu an tel ve a. Chung mite chuan syringe hmanga an thisen syringe khat hmanga lachhuakin chu chu silver bowl-ah zu nena chawhpawlhin an in zui a ni.
Thisen ngei hmangin ram tana an rinawmna thutiamin chuta tang chuan tatmadaw – Burmese tawnga ‘army’ tih chu a lo piang ta a ni.
Tatmadaw te chuan Myanmar tih a nih hnuah rorelna an la lekkawh char char tih theih deuhthaw niin anmahni dotute chu dah tha zelin hei vang hian ‘killing machine’ tiin ram chhung leh pawnah hriat an hlawh dan a ni.
Tatmadaw te hian mi 5,00,000 vel neiin chung fighter te chuan nunrawnna nasa tak tak pawngsaul rawn te, nghaisak leh ethnic minorities tihchimih hial tuma beihna te an kalpui tawh a. Kum 2021 pawh khan rawng takin democratic hmanga thlan tlin Daw Aung San Suu Kyi chu paihthlaa lung ina khung zuiin state of emergency an puang a ni.
Tatmadaw history chu thisen chhuahnaa khat a ni a, Myanmar chu khawvela armed conflict hun awh reina ber ram zinga mi a ni bawk a. Tatmadaw te chuan ‘state chhungah state’ dinin chet an la a ni.
Tharumthawhnaa khat
“Modern state of Burma hi sipaite awpbehna atanga chhuak a ni” tiin historian Thnat Myint-U chuan a sawi a. Burma Independence Army (BIA) te chu British te dona lamah Japan nena thawk dunin anti-colonial militia dang te nen modern-day Tatmadaw hi a pian phah a ni tiin a sawi bawk a. BIA a hotu lawk ni thin chu Aung San niin Myanmar indpendence architect ber niin Suu Kyi pa a ni bawk.
Kum 1948 khan Myanmar chu independence ram a ni a, mahse, rei lo te hnuah ram chhung buainain a tuam zui a. Kum 1962 khan sipaite chuan sorkar paihtlak tum lina an neiha hmasa ber an kalpui tan a. Kum 1982 khan citizenship law chu ziak thain ethinc group te khua leh tui nihna pek theih nghalna chu hnawlin Rohingya Muslims te ang te chu an huamtir ta lo a ni.
8888 uprising (August 8, 1988) chu student activists te hmalakna hmanga pro-democracy tena helna an kalpui hmasak ber niin sipaite chuan rawng taka chhumitin mi 5,000 chuang thahin an awm tia sawi a ni a. Hemi hnu hian tatmadaw te chuan Myanmar a thuneihna an neih chu nasa zual zawka sawhnghetin an tel lo chuan constitutional sorkar chu piang thei lo turin an siam a ni, tiin analyst Robert Taylor chuan a sawi.
Suu Kyi kaihhruai National League for Democracy (NLD) a piang a, mahse kum 15 lawih house arrest a dahin a awm a. Chutih karah chuan Tatmadaw te chuan politics lamah insawhnghehna nei tial tialin kum 2007 a Saffron revolution pawh an tudai thei a. Sipaite chuan kum 2008 khan Constitution thar pawmin chumi hmang chuan sipaite chu civilian sorkar thuhnuaia awm miah lo tura siam a ni zui bawk a. Kum 2011 khan Tatmadaw te chuan mak tak maiin parliamentarty election neih remtiin ‘liberalisation’ policy hnuaiah democratic reforms kalpui an remti a. Suu Kyi sorkar nen kum nga chhung chu thuneihna insemin an awm a, mahse, kum 2021 khan Suu Kyi sorkar chu an paihthla leh ta a ni.
Political Institution
Tatmadaw hrefiah tur chuan thil pathum man a ngai tiin scholar Andrew Selth chuan a sawi a. Eng tiangin nge ramin sipai chakna a neih chu i teh? Eng nge modern Myanmar chu a nih chiah? Tatmadaw hmalakna sawifiah theih a ni em? tih te a ni.
Researchers te chuan sipai nih chu career duhawm ber an ti a. “Uniform ha mi thattute chuan ram venghimtu, hnam leh Buddhism venghimtu angah an inngai” tiin human rights activists Dr. Maung Zarni chuan a sawi a. “Phut eih awm lovin thisen chhuah an inpeih at renga chu chu tatmadaw-te an ni” tiin a sawi bawk.
Kum 1989 khan an ram hming chu Myanmar tiin an thlak a. Myanmar-ah chuan ethnic minorities 130 an awm a, Buddist Bamars te chu majority an ni a. Bamars te chuan military a dinhmun sang an luah deuh vek bawk.
Tatmadaw te hian banks, hospitals, schools, farms, publishing houses, stations, film industry army te huaisenna tlangaupuitu chu an neiin an thunun vek bawk a. Tatmadaw te hi khawvela sipai tam ber 15-na niin sorkar expenditure 44% lawih hmangtute an ni bawk.
Military junta dang ang lo takin tatmadaw te hi ‘war fighters’ aiin uniform ha pooliticians te niin ultranationalism kalpui bur tute an ni, tiin Mary Callahan chuan a lehkhabu ‘Making Enemies’ ah a ziak.
Tatmadaw te chuan an chanchin te sawiin hmelma awm thei te a zawin an zawng a ni ber a. Suu Kyi-in November 2020-a inthlana chakna a chan te chu tihchingpen an tihsak a. Tatmadaw military official hlui pakhat chuan the New York Times hnenah training an neih kum khatnaah kum 1988 democracy activists te kaihhnawih film chu entir an nih thu leh chutah chuan activists te chu sipaite lu tan chhumtu angin chhuah a ni tiin a sawi.
Tatmadaw te hian hmelma an nei reng tho va, Myanmar ram chungah local defence group 250 vel leh ethnic armed organisation te nen an inbei reng a, hei avng tak hian chung mite nuaichimih nan chuan ralthuam rapthlak ber ber te pawh a hmang hreh map lo bawk.
Harsatna inmung mek
Tatmadaw te chuan kum 2021 military coup thlen hnuah harsatna an tawh a lang tial tial tia sawi a ni thung a. Sipaite rilru a hnual a, tlanbo an tam tial tial tia sawi a ni bawk a, tunah phei chuan Mayanmar chuan sipai 95,000 vel bak a nei tawh lo an ti bawk.
Sipaia tang thar an tlem tial tial a, combat unit ten training an nei tha lo bawk a, privilege elite leh ranks te inkarah khi a awm mek tih a ni bawk. Tatmadaw te hian tun dinhmunah Maymar ram puma 30%-40% bak an thunun tak tak lo an ti bawk.
Chutih lai chuan sipaite thlawp Union Solidarity and Development party te chuan an hotulu ber chu Tatmadaw chief Senior Gen. Min Aung Hlaing laka rinawm mi leh sa a thlaka military hard-liners tam zawk belh an tum tiin sawi a ni bawk.
Kum 2021 coup hnuah Tatmadaw te chuan civilian tam tak tihlum tawhin hei vang hian Burma ‘Royal Army’ tia mi tena zah taka an sawi thin ‘Tatmadaw’ te chu an hming pawhin an ko duh tawh lo tih a ni bawk a, tatmadaw tih aiin ‘Sit-tar’ tiin tunhma atanga ropui taka an ngaiha an kohna chu an hel tiin sawi a ni. A thente chuan ‘Sit-key’ dog soldiers tite pawhin an ko bawk a. Tun hma chuan tatmadaw te chu hlauhawma ngaih an nia tunah erawh an hmu nep tial tial tia sawi ni bawkin Burmese nawlpuite chuan huat lamin an en tawh tia sawi a ni bawk.