Vanathi chu kum 39-a upa hmeithai a ni a, in pathumah tul thawk kuala inhlawh niin zunthlum a nei tlat. A nu leh pa in zunthlum an nei lo va, amah lah a overweight hek lo. Mahse, a pasal zu kaihhnawih avanga kum khat kaltaa thihsantu nen inlaichinna duhawm lo zet erawh an nei thung. Chhungkuaah eizawngtu ber a ni a, a fate pahnih high school kal lai mek niin a zunthlum enkawl chu hautak a ti hle. Eitur tha, damdawi tha leh mahni inenkawlna tha a nei zo lo, a zunthlum chuan harsatna a thlen nasa hle.
Eng vangin nge Vanathi chuan zunthlum a neih le, eng nge zunthlum a vei loh nana a lo tih theih ni ang?
Kum tinin November 14 chu World Diabetes Day a hman a ni a. International Diabetes Federation chuan kumin atana theme tur thlangin chumi behchhan chuan khawvel pumah inhrilhfiahna leh hriattirna te neih a ni a. Chungte chu zunthlum leh a kaihhnawih thila mipui nawlpuiin hriatna tha an neih theih nana thil pawimawh a ni.
Tun dinhmunah khawvel pumah zunthlum nei 540 million vel awm mekin a tam ber te chu middle leh low income country an tih mai ram rethei leh thanglai meka cheng te an ni. Zunthlum chu kum upa leh awmthei te natna tia sawi thin a ni a, mahse, a tak takah chuan a ni hauh lo. India ram khawpui lian ber berah pawh hausate aiin rethei zunthlum an tam zawk.
Hun rei lo te chhungin eng tiangin nge zunthlum nei an tam em em le? A chhan leh vang tam tak a awm tiin mithiam te chuan an sawi a. Invenna tur thil pawimawh ngaihthah miah loh tur a awm an ti bawk.
Genetics
Chhungkuaa zunthlum nei tawh (pi leh pu, nu leh pa leh unaute) nei chuan type 2 diabetes neih theihna sang tak a nei a. Hei hi non-modifiable risk factor tiin an sawi.
Chhungkuaa zunthlum nei an awm a nih chuan a khat tawkin inenfiah reng tur niin zunthlum neih theihna tur theih tawpa tihkhawtlai tum tur.
Ethnicity
Zunthlum nei thei riau bik ethnic group awm a nia. Asian ethnic group (Indian te pawh South Asian group ah telin) te chu zunthlum neih theihna sang nei an ni a, pian tirha zang lutuk vang te, nutrition transition, genetics, urbanisation leh retheihna leh environmental factors te avanga zunthlum nei awlsam bik an ni.
Hei vang hian uluk leh hun bi neia inenfiah fo tur a ni a. Zunthlum dan theih nan nunphung pawh thlak danglam tur niin hei mai bakah air pollution awm loh nana hmalak te, environment tha leh food security awm theih nana hmalak te a ngai.
Overweight leh Obesity
Thau uchuakna chuan zunthlum nasa takin a tipung a. National Family Health Survey 5 chuan thau uchuakna chu hmeichhiaah a nasa zual a ti a. Thau uchuakna chu zunthlum neih theihna chhan sang tak a ni bawk.
Hei vang hian naupan lai atanga puitlin thleng eitur tha leh him fimkhur taka eitur niin taksa tihchet tam tur a ni bawk a, environment tha mamawh a ni bawk a. Zirna tinah eitur hriselna lam leh taksa chetna lampang kalpui that tur tih a ni.
High blood pressure
Hypertension chu zunthlum thlentu leh zunthlum nena insirial tih theih a ni a. An pahniha ngaihsak loh chu kal kidney leh heart disease awlsam taka neih theihna a ni. Hei vang hian zunthlum nih leh nih loh enfiah reng leh BP thunun chu tihmakmawha ngaih a ni.
Gestational diabetes
India ramah naupai 10-15% vel te chuan gestational diabetes an nei anga ngaih a ni a, SE Asia a hmeichhia 25% vel te chuan naupai laiin sugar an nei tam lutuk tih a ni. Chungte chuan nuin kum 5-10 hnuah leh a fain naupangte a zunthlum a neih theihna a tisang an ti bawk.
Gestational diabetes laka him nan fimkhur leh uluk taka inenkawl mai bakah naupan laia thau uchuak a awm loh nana school leh college a awareness programme pawh kalpui ngai tih a ni bawk a.
Nau hnute pek hi GDM(Nu ah) tih lohah chuan zunthlum neih theihna tikiamtu a ngah a ni a. Hmeichhia GDM nei te chuan nau an neih hnu kar 6-12 chhungin leh a hnuah pawh an blood sugar an enfiah fo tur a ni bawk a. Rai nawn leh dawn pawhin fimkhur taka ruahmanna siam tur a ni.
Unhealthy eating
Thau tibelhtu calorie tamna te ei leh in tam chu zunthlum thlentu ber pakhat a ni a. Ei leh in chu thil pawimawh tawp niin red meat, thlum lam, artifical sweetend drink, high-calorie junk food, white rice, deep fried leh salty foods te chu zunthlum thlentu langsar an ni bawk.
Hei vang hian thlai lam leh thei te protein awm tamna arsa leh sangha te, dal ang te ei tam tur niin a theih chhung chu thlum lam insum tur a ni bawk.
Sedentary lifestyle
Taksa che lo lutuk leh thu tam lutuk te chu type 2 diabestes nei awlsam ber te an ni. Zunthlum siamtu tam ber chu thau uchuak te, high blood pressure, cholestoral profile sang ang te chu taksa chet loh lutukin a thlen a ni.
Hei vang hian naupan lai atanga harhvang taka awm ngai niin chu chu zunthlum neih theihna laka himna pawimawh a ni. Ni khatah darkar 1-2 kar danah minute 10 tal chet tur a ni a, ni tin physical activity 30-60 minutes neih ngei tur a ni bawk.
Low birth weight
Naupiang zang lutuk 2.5 kg aia hniamte chuan zunthlum an nei awlsam bik a, chu mai bakah heart disease leh hypertension te an nei awlsam a, an pian hnuah eitur pek tam lutuk pawhin chung natna an neih theihna a sang zawk bawk.
Chuvangin naupai laia nutrition tha naupaiin a lakluh a pawimawh a. Chu aia la pawimawh chu nau pai hmaa hriselna tha neih a ni bawk a. Nutrition tlakchham, anaemia, stress, hypertension, meizuk leh air pollution te chuan nau zang tak a piantir thei a. Thla kua chhungin nun pum a khawih tih hriat tur an ti bawk.
Mental stress
Mental stress chu zunthlum thlen thei tih a ni bawk a. Stress chuan serum Cortisol leh Catecholamines tisangin chung te chu insulin stress hormones an ni bawk a. Stress leh eitur ei vak vak te, taksa chetpeihlohna te, mut thatloh te, meizuk leh subtance abuse te a inkaihhnawih bawk.
Meizuk
Sikret a chemical awm leh nicotine a metabolites thnekhatte chuan inflammation, insulin resistance leh oxidative stress te siam theiin chung te chuan zunthlum a thlen thei.
Gut microbiome
Zunthlum mai ni lo mihring hriselnana pawimawh tak chu kan rila microbial organism te niin chungte chuan kan immunity leh glucose metabolism ah pawimawhna thuk tak an nei. Ei leh in te, kan thil ei hrisel leh hrisel loh te antibiotics hman nasat te chuan rilah danglamna siamin chu chu type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes leh thau uchuakna te nena inzawm vek an ni bawk.
Hei vang hian thil ei uchuak te tih loh tur niin antibiotics hman fimkhur te chu tihmakmawha ngaih a ni.
Heng bakah hian kumin pawimawhna a nei bawk a, zunthlum chu mi pa leh hmeichhia ah kum 20, 30 leh 40 chho atangin neih theihna a sang zual zel a ni.
Heng bakah hian Non-alcoholic fatty liver [Metabolic dysfunction associated steatosis liver disease MASLD tia hriatlar] pawh zunthlum neih theihna tisangtu a ni bawk a. TB leh HIV veite chu zunthlum nei awlsam bika ngaih niin hei bakah hian Covid kai tawh te pawh an ni bawk.
Zunthlum hi 75% vel chu dan theiha ngaih a ni a. Zunthlum dang tur chuan hriatna tha neih te insum leh taksa chet that te pawimawha ngaih niin zunthlum neih theihna hriatfiah chu thil pawimawh hmasa a ngaih a ni.
Heng bakah hian retheihna te, zirna lam hniam lutuk te, food security neih that loh te, heath care tha dawn loh te leh urban planning chhia leh air pollution ang te pawh heng noncommunicable disease zunthlum ang te neih theihna tisang tu tia sawi a ni bawk.