Mahmuaka Chhakchhuak
Khawvel sorkar hrang hrangte’n vawiin thleng thei tura harsatna chi hrang hrang an lo paltlang tawhte chanchin ngaihnawm tam tak nei an awm a, British awpna hnuai ata India-in zalenna a neih dan kawngte kha thawnthu sei leh ngaihnawm tak a awm. Kum zabi sawm pariatna chhoa Industrial Revolution lo thleng avang chuan thil siam chhuah lamah harhna nasa taka lo thlengin anmahni kutkawih ngeite chu ram danga hralh thei turin kawng an sial tan a. He harhna hi Britain ram atanga lo chhuak niin khawvel hmun hrang hrangah a darh zel a, a bik takin Asia, Africa, Middle East leh North & South America ramah te chuan kua an hreuh hnuin kum 1750 vel atangin India ramah pawh rawn lut tanin kum 1858-ah chuan Kumpinu sorkar chuan India ram chu an awp chho tan der ta mai a.
Kum 1857-ah India chuan British mite lakah helna a nei a, British East India Company dodalna chu lian taka neiin May 10, 1857 chuan Delhi atangin hmarchhak lam Mel 40 (64Kms) vela hla, Meerut khawpui Garrison-ah company sipai sepoy-te helna hi intanna a ni a. He helna hi Sepoy Mutiny tia sawi a niin Indian Mutiny, Great Rebellion, Revolt of 1857 tih leh First War of Independence tia sawi a ni bawk. Thawnthu thui leh ngaihnawm tak a awm a, kum 1947-a zalenna famkim kan lo neih thlenga India-in a beihna zawng zawngte kha theihnghilh a ni tawh ngai lo ang a, vawiin huna India hmasawnna tam takte pawh hi thui tak sawi tur a awm.
Zalenna hi a hlut ang bawkin zalenna nei tura rahbi thui tak an zawh dante hi hriatreng tur tam tak a awm a, zalen hnua hmasawnna rahbi rap tura ram inrelbawl dante hi sawi tur tam tak a awm bawk. Chung zinga New Zealand ramin hma a sawn dan hi hetiang hian i han sawi teh ang. Kum 1980 hma lamah khan New Zealand ram hruaitute chuan mipuite duhsakna chitin rengin a duhsak a. Sorkar inrelbawlnaah ngei pawh mipuite chuan chanvo pawimawh tak tak an neiin chhawmdawlna leh tanpuina chi hrang hrangte pawh a thlawna sem a ngah hle:
Hna nei lo chhawmdawlna (Unemployment Benefit)
Chhungkaw tanpuina (Family Allowance)
Kum 60 chunglam tanpuina (Elder Allowance)
Zirlai tanpuina (Education Allowance)
Damlo tanpuina (Health Care)
Kum 18 chin hnuai lam Sawn pawm tanpuina
Sumdawngtute tanpuina
Loneitute tanpuina chi hrang hrang
Ran vulhtute tanpuina leh a dangte
New Zealand sorkar chuan kum 1930 atang daih tawhin hna neilote tanpuina a ruahman tan a. Kum 1970 chho velah chuan chhan hrang hrang avangin hna nei lo an pungin sorkar chuan chung hna nei lote hamthatna chu tha lehzualin a buatsaih a. Chung zingah chuan an chhungkaw dinhmun a zirin hamthatna pawh an ruahman a. Hamthatna dawng tur chuan kum 16 atanga kum 65 inkar an nih a ngai bawk a. Spoon feeding kan tih ang tak tak hian sorkar chuan mipuite a enkawl a, duhsak chitin rengin a duhsak a ni.
Chutianga sorkarin a ram mipuite tana zau taka a inhawnna chuan thatna tam tak thlen mahsela mipui tam zawkte erawh chuan an lo chhiatpui thung si a. A hrinchhuah tha lo deuh chu: Thatchhiatna leh zawmthawtna a hringin, thawk loa ei hmuh tumna leh duhna an thinlungah an lo nei lian telh telh a, hna thawk loin zinbo daih mahsela unemployment allowance an dawn theih tho avangin an duh dan danin an nung mai a, nuam an tawl thei reng tihna a ni ber mai. Chuvang chuan kum 1980 velah New Zealand ram chu a lakluh aiin a hmanchhuah a tam avangin ram rethei a rawn ni tain an sum leh pai thawhchhuah aiin an ei ral a tam zawk tlat avang chuan tlakchhiat lam an pan zel a, a tawpah phei chuan sum leh pai ba tam tak neiin an lo awm ta hial a.
Kum 1984-ah New Zealand ramah inthlanpui a awm a, David Lange kaihhruai Labour Party chuan seat 56 lain vote tla zawng zawnga 42.98% hmuin hnehna an chang a. National Party chuan seat 37 la bawkin, Social Credit Party chuan seat hnih an la a, New Zealand Party chu seat lak an nei lo thung. Labour Party chuan sorkarna changin state rethei ber atanga MP thlan chhuah Roger Douglas, kum 46 mi chu Finance Minister a ni a. A ni chuan an ram economic policy tha lo tak chu a vei em em a, an ram tlakchhiat chhan pawh hmu fiahin a inhre bawk a. Tuna kan kalphung hi siamthat a nih vat loh chuan a aia nasa zawkin harsatna kan la tawk dawn a, siamthat a nih erawh chuan harsatna nasa zawk lo thleng tur hi kan pumpelh thei a ni tiin nasa taka tan la turin mipui hnenah a tlangau thin a. A hmasa ber atan a thlawna pawisa sem chi hrang hrang: Kuthnathawktute tana thilsemte, |halai hnathawk lo hnena sum semte chu titawpin thilman khuahkhirhna (price control) pawh a hlihsak bawk a.
Chutiang bakah chuan hetiang hian sorkar chuan hmalakna a nei bawk a:
De-regulation: Sorkar chuan hnathawktu, a bik takin Industry hrang hrangah hnathawktu nghet la loin a nghet loin thawktu lak a uar ta a. Hnathawktute tan inelna leh efficiency a tipungin Finance, Telecommunication leh Transportation ang chi sector-te chu inelna nasa zawk neih theihna turin a ruahman a.
Trade Liberalization: Sorkar laipui chuan Open-Market Policy a kalpui a, tariff tihhniam leh ram dangte nena insumdawn tawnna kawng a hawng zau bawk a. An thil tharchhuahte chu ram danga thawnchhuah theih turin ram dangte thianah a siam bawk a.
Privatization: Sumdawnna leh thilzawrhna mai bakah sumdawngtute rintlak an lo nih leh zual theihna atan State Owned Enterprise (SOE) te chu mimal enkawl turin a hlan a. Ruahmanna mumal tak nen sorkarin alo kalpui thin tam takte chu mimal enkawl turin a hlan a ni.
Fiscal Policy: Sorkar sum hman dan enkawl a, vil turin ruahmanna thar a siam a, leiba neih tlem theihna turin ruahmanna chi hrang hrang a siam bawk. Ram mipuite chu ei leh bara intodelhna turin ram nghet neih theihna turte thil hrang hrang a ruahman thar bawk a.
Monetary Policy: Reserve Bank of New Zealand chuan inflation targeting framework a siam a, hei hian thil man nghet tak vawn reng a tum a ni. Chu chuan inflation control a pui a, economic environment nghet tak a siam bawk a.
Labour Market Reforms: Hnathawktu chi hrang hrangte tan dan siamin chu chuan hnathawhna hmun neitute (hnathawktu ruaitute) leh hnathawkte inkarah thil tha zawk a thlen a. Chu chuan thil siamchhuah lamah nasa takin a pui bawk a, hma an lo sawn phah bawk a ni.
Tax Reform: Chhiah pek danah thil thlak danglam an nei a, chhiah rate la tlemin chhiah lakna kawng erawh an tizau thung a. Chutianga chhiah lak dan thar chuan kawng hrang hrangah hmasawnna a thlen a ni.
Heng siamthatna te hi Finance Minister Roger Douglas hming chawiin “Rogernomics” an ti a. Kum 1984 atanga bultanin kum 1990 vel thleng khan nasa takin an kalpui a. Chu chuan ei leh bar lamah nasa takin siamthatna a thlen a, mi tam takin sawisel bawk mahsela rah tha tak a chhuah a, ram pumin hmasawnna a thlen a.
Hetianga sorkar tharin thil a kalpui hi ram mipuite chuan an haw em em a, nasa takin an dodal a. Kum 1990-a inthlanpui alo awm lehah chuan National Party chuan seat 67 an la a, Labour Party chuan seat 29 chauh an la a, New Labour Party chuan seat khat an la bawk a. National Party chuan hnehna an chan takah chuan sorkarna pawh a inthlak a. Sorkar tharah chuan Prime Minister chu Jim Bolger niin Finance Minister atan Ruth Richardson a ni bawk. Mipui chuan a thlawna pawisa dawn leh beiseiin tlumtea thlir takin an sorkar thar chu an thlir a. Nimahsela sorkar thar chuan mipui beisei loh ang takin sorkar hmasa kalpui dan chu rawn chhawmin anni aia nasa zawk mah chuan ruahmanna an rawn siam thar bawk a. Ruth Richardson hian kum 1990 – 1993 chhung Finance Minister niin kum 40 a nihin he nihna hi a chelh tan a ni.
Finance Minister thar chuan kum 18 hnuai lam sawn pai chhawmdawlna chu a ti tawp a, Tar pension dawngtu kum 60 chin tih chu kum 65-ah a tisang bawk a, Tar pension pek hi kum hnih phei chu a chawlhtir nghe nghe a. Railway hnathawktu 23,000 awm chu 5,000-ah a tihniam a, zirlaite chhawmdawlna a titlem bawkin medical care bill theih zat a titlem bawk a, an ram mi, ram danga lehkha zirte chhawmdawlna pawh a titawp bawk a. Hetiang taka an beisei loh ang taka sorkar a kal takah chuan mipui thinrim chuan kawng an zawh a, Finance Minister limte chu an hal bawk a. Nimahsela sorkar chuan a kalphung chu thlak a tum hauh chuang lo a, khawng takin a kal zel a, an policy ngai rengin a kal tho a. Chutianga hmalakna thar chuan a ram mipuite thinlungah hnathawk lo thei lo dinhmuna dahin tu pawh mai chuan hnathawh a ngai a ni tih an lo hriat phah a, nasa takin mahni pumpuarna atan hna an thawk a, an thawhchhuah pawh alo pung reng bawk a. Kuthnathawktute thlai thar chhuah chu sorkarin man man takin a leisak zel a, kuthnathawhin awmzia a awm tih an hriat avang chuan mipui phunchiar leh lungawih lo thawm pawh chu a reh ta thuai a.
Chutianga hmasawn zawnga New Zealand alo than chhoh zel takah chuan kum 1994 an thleng chauh ti-ah an economy thanna chu 6.2% a rawn ni ta hial a. Hetianga sorkar hruaitute’n mipui tana thahnemngai taka an thawh avang hian kum rei lo teah mipuite chuan a rah an seng a, kuthnathawhin awmzia a awm bawk avang chuan vawiin thlengin New Zealand chu hmasawn zawngin a kal ta zel a, khawvel ram changkangte zingah alo invawrh kai ta a ni. Tunah chuan ram awh-awm tak a rawn ni tain kthnathawktute zingah, a bik takin ni tin ei leh bar tharchhuahna lamah ram dang aiin hma an sawn chak a, ram pawn atanga khualzin hip turin an ram chu an cheibawl nasain sum leh pai lakluhna tha takah an siam a, an ram chu ralmuang taka siamin tu pawh mai chuan sual rawngbawl hman lo tur khawpin inenkawlna tha tak an kalpui bawk a ni.