India leh ralthuam nuai bo: Eng vangin nge India-in nuclear a neih?

Dr C Lalengkima
Tun hma kum 27 liam ta, May ni 11 leh 13, 1998 khan India chuan khawvel barakhaih dawrh turin nuclear ralthuam a enchhin a. He mi hriatrengna atan hian India-in ralthuam nuai bo kawnga a kalkawng hi i’n bih chiang dawn teh ang.
Nuclear ralthuam hi khawvela ralthuam hlauhawm ber leh thiltithei ber anga ngaih a ni a, khawvela ram thiltithei deuh chuan neih tumin a-dik-a-dawk pawh thlu lo hian an intlansiak suau suau zel a. A nei tawh ramin neih belh an duh a, a nei lo ramin neih ve ngei an duh bawk, a nei thei ve lo turten nuai bo an sawi mawi thung. Ram thenkhat chuan retheih pawh huamin, ‘a tul chuan hnim pawh kan pet mai ta lawng’ tiin neih tumin an bei ve thung a. Heti khawpa up beh tum chung pawha neih tuma an beih nasat em avang tak hian neih tum lo tan pawh neih a chakawm thar riau ni tur a ni. He ralthuam hi khawvelah vawi hnih (Nagasaki leh Hiroshima ah) chiah an la hmang a, a nei belh an awm pawhin hrem leh kawm serh zel (sanction) tur an ni chung pawhin thil ken tel dang a neih tam em avang hian a itawmna a bo thei der lo.
India hian mahnia ro inrela a din hnu hian ralthuam nuai bo lamah nasa takin hma a la chho a. Prime Minister hmasa ber Pu Nehru-a phei chuan a ralthuam nuai bo hi a hobby emaw tih turin a buaipui zual a ni. Mahse, China ral a lo lian a, kum 1964-a China-in nuclear hmanga khawvel a rawn barakhaih khan India a meng phawk hru ta mai! Kha tih hun laia India Prime Minister, Lal Bahadur Shastri, pa awm nemtê ho khan a hmanhmawh a hmanhmawhin nuclear ralthuam tuk an rem ti ta a. India physicist lar Homi Bhabha, eng tik lai pawha nuclear ralthuam siam chak em em mai leh kum hnih chhunga nuclear bomb siam theih inring tlat nen inthurualin nuclear ralthuam siam turin mawng vawm ba an sawi ang maiin India chu phe ta zak zak a nih kha. Kum 1968 atang phei kha chuan India chuan tih tak zetin an buaipui ta a, theih-paling-kawha an beih hnuin kum 1974 khan khawvel barakhaih turin Rajasthan thlaler ram ro, Pokhran-ah lungphum thar a rawn phum ta ni. Mahse, a bul tumtu ber Shastri leh Bhabha te chuan an hmu ve hman ta lo a ni.
India-in nuclear lam a buaipuina hi independent hma daih a ni a. Kum 1946 khan nuclear programme hi a lo kalpui daih tawh. Nehru-a khan kawng eng emaw ti tak chuan nuclear ralthuam hi a do hle tak na a, mithiamte lehkha ziak han zir chian hian Nehru-a hian a dam lai chuan nuclear ralthuam neih hi a duh lem lo mai thei a, mahse, India hian nuclear ralthuam nei ngei se a duh a ni tih chu Homi Bhabha nena an policy leh a thil tih hian a tarlang chiang hlein a hriat a ni. India chuan kum 1974 nuclear ralthuam enchhin kha a duh tawk mai lova. Kum 1995 khan nuclear ralthuam enchhin leh tura an inkau phan phan laiin US thlalem (satellite)in India inbuatsaihna a lo man hlauh niin, US-in India kawmserhah (sanction) an vau a, kha tih lai US President Bill Clinton-an India Prime Minister, Nahasimha Rao a rawn be bawk a, India-in a enchhin zui ngam ta bik lo a nih kha.
Kum 1998 a lo her chhuak a, BJP in ro a rawn rel a, rei pawh ro an rel hmain India ropuina tarlan an tum ru nghal phan a. Nuclear ralthuam enchhinna tur chu a hma lama thla khat velah thupek chhuah a nih hnuin kum 1998 May ni 11 khan Pokhran thlaler an tikhu leh sut mai. Hei zet zawng US pawhin a man hman lo mai ni lovin an enthlatu pawl chhuanvawr, CIA lam pawhin an hre lo chhia va hle a ni. CIA-in kum 10 chhunga an thil tihsual lian ber a ni e an ti, tak tak ni maw. US leh kawvel ram dang dangte an phu chiang ngei mai. Mahse, kum 1968 vela an dan siam Nuclear darh tur venna dan, India tei theih huah loh, Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty-in (NPT) nuclear nei ram 5 a puan bak kha official-a puan leh awm ta hek lo le. India chu nuclear nei ram (de facto nuclear weapon states) a ni ve ta a nih chu.
Nuclear test a nih khan India khan kawng hrang hrangin a tuar a. Neih belh tawh loh nise tih lawm lawm laia lo neih ve mial chu lawmpuitu aiin haw tu a ngah te pawh kan ti thei awm e. Ei leh barah nise Japan, US leh Europe ram ten min han kawmserh, India-in tanpuina leh loan pawisa a dawn turte an han hrek hmak hmak a. India pawisa pawh a hlutna a thlahniam zui bawk a nih kha. Nuclear enchhin man kha a to teh a sin aw! An chhut dan chuan India hian kum 1998-99 khan cheng vaibelchhia 1,04,652 zet chhiahah a la khawm a, chung zinga cheng khata pawisa 7-8 zel (cheng zaa cheng 7-8) hi nuclear siam nan an hmang an tih chu. Kum 1998-99 chhoa defence budget kha za zela sawmpali (14) in a sang dawrh a ni. Australia leh New Zealand-in an ram palai an ko kir a, khawvela ram hrang hrang hrang intelkhawm UN atanga Nordic Council thlengin an dem thu leh an thlawp loh thu an sawi tliar tliar a, mahse, India a inchhir lo.
India hian nuclear ralthuam nei tur hian ram dang tanpuina a pur miah lo. Kum 1974-ah khan Canada-in Uranium power siamna tura a pekte kha hmang tel ve deuha ngaih a ni a, US lam pawhin a Uranium hman kha a pek zinga mi a nih leh nih loh a rawn zawt ve thar thar a. Mahse, India chuan chung zawng zawngah chuan a kut a silfai vek. Ama siam thiamna hmang liau liauin nuclear ralthuam a nei a ni. Khawvel buaipui em em nuclear darh zelna (proliferation) lamah pawh India hi a hming a lang ve ngai eih lo.
Kum 1998-a an thiltihtheihna an enchhin khan hlawhtling thawkhatin an hre teh chek a ni ang chu India-in ‘nuclear enchhin a ngai tawh love’ tiin ama duh thuin enchhin tawh loh a ti tlu (voluntary moratorium) ta a ni. India-in nuclear policy thar a duang chhuak a, chutah chuan India-in nuclear hi mahni invenna atan (minimum deterrence) a tih thu te, a nei lo ramte laka nuclear ralthuam hman loh te leh hmang hmasatu nih loh thute an ziak kawi ta ngiai nguai mai a ni. Kum 2003 a nih meuh chuan Nuclear enkawltu tur Nuclear High Command te hial siam a ni ta, hma zawng a sawn teh e.
Sawi tawh angin a lan danah hi chuan India hian ralthuam nuai bo hi a atchilh bur mai a. Pakistan ang lo takin India hian khawvel pum huapa ralthuam nuai bo thawhhona (multilateral arms control) hi a duh zawk. Ralthuam nuai bo hi hmasawnna atan a tha a ni tih thute a tlangaupui a. Ralthuam nuai bona turin kalphung (policy) mumal tak a nei a ni. A duh lohnaah chuan a nawr luih theih bih hauh loh. India duh danah chuan ralthuam nuai bonaah hian ram zawng zawng leh ralthuam zawng zawng (general and complete disarmament) telh a duh a. Tin, hun tiam bik awm (time bound) chhunga ralthuam nuai bo zel te, inthleibikna awm lo nise (non-discriminatory) tih hi a ‘sahuai thing vawn bur’ mai bawk a ni. Heng pathumte hi a lungphum pawimawh leh tehna bera hman thin a ni a, inthliarna ngat phei chu a a tuar thei lo leh zual emaw tih tur a ni. NPT pawh hi nuclear nei lo ramte thleibiknaah ngai in, a pawm (sign) chu sawi loh an inkhawmpui (review conference) pawh a kal tha duh mang lo nia mawle.
Ralthuam nuai bo duhna a kal zel a, inremna lian tham Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) an ti leh a, hei zet hi chu kum 1960 vela Partial Test Ban Treaty-in nuclear enchhin nan lei hnuai tih lohah chuan a khap kha, lei hnuaiah pawh enchhin a khap mauh mai a ni. Mahse, India-in a-um-e duh tlat lo nia maw le. ‘NPT tih lenna mai mai a nih hi, awmzia awm love’ tiin a lu a thin san a, khawvel ram dangte lu a ti hai teh a sin! A dik a dik chuan, kum 1990 chho khan CTB (CTBT a la ni rih lo) US-in UN-ah a thlen khan India khan a thlawp ve nasa mai a. Mahse, hun a kal zel a, inremna an thlen dawn meuh kha chuan inthlan pui a hnai chho ta bawk nen rorel lai lam khan an thlawp zui duh ta lo va. Mahse, rorel lai lam chu an tla ta tho va, an tlak hnu khan party tenau inzawmkhawm khan ro an rel a. Mahse, sorkar a chak lo bawk nen sorkar hnathawk leh mi dang thil ti thei deuh ten an nawr nasat avangin ‘CTBT kha hnawl a ni e’ an tih teh tlat chu. India-in a rah a seng nghal, UN non-permanent member seat pawh Japan lakah vote tam takin a chan a, mahse, zalenna man hi sang mah se la, a pe a, na a ti lo mai ni lo vin, a chhuang em em zawk a ni.
Kha ti khawpa ralthuam nuai bo duh, a sulsutu nia theih tawp chhuah thin ni mah se, ralthuam nuai bona tura hmalaknaah hian India aw leh duh dan hi ngaihsak a ni lo fo. Chuvang chuan India chuan heti hrim chuan ralthuam neih ve mai hi a ngai a ni e tiin neih thinglung khawngin tan a la ve ta a ni. India hian ram ropui ni tura a kalkawngah hian ei leh bara dinhmun thatna mai piah lamah a dinhmun sawh ngheh nan chuan nuclear hmanga a ropuizia a lantir a tul ve tlat avang hian he kawng ralti tak hi a zawh lo thei lo. Inthleibikna khawvelah hian inthleibikna tuartu nih a duh bik loh avangin nuclear hmangin a inveng ve ta a ni. Nuclear kan neih hnu hian India hi tumah hian min rawn bei ngam lova, kan muan phah a ‘muanna ralthuam’ a ni e tiin Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam chuan a ti ve mauh, enge i ngaih dan le?