Dr K. Vanlaldinpuia
Dept of Chemistry
Pachhunga University College
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Thuhma:
Khuai vang hian thihna vawi hnih lai mai chhungkuain kan tawk tawh a. A vawikhatna chu kum 2012 kum khan niin kan ram huan kal thawklehkhatah Khawivanrial rualin min rawn bei thut mai a. A bu, mau kung sang taka awm chu a awmna mau ber kher zuk tiche palh in, kan lo zuk tawn darh chu niin. A hnuhnung bera kal ka niin hmun sarih (7) ah min zuk ve hman a. A hmasa bera kal ka nau (first cousin) erawh a lu-ah ringawt pawh hmun za chuangah zuk in, damdawi in kan inphurh thlen atanga rei loteah min peih loh san ta a ni. Kum 2018 khan kan hnena awm, kan nau pakhat chu Khawivanrial tho hian a lo zuk hlum tawh bawk. Khatiang thil kan tawn atang khan khuai lam chanchin hi ka ngaihven phah in, ka chhiar ve ta fo a. Mizo in a khuai kan tih hi chi hrang hrang a lo tam zia te, environment tana an tangkaizia te, mihringte nungdama kan awm theih nana tha an lo thawh hlawk theihzia te pawh ka chhar chhuak ta zel a. Mithiam zawk leh khuai lama zirbingna (research) ti mekte cho chhuah nan he article-ah hian khuai chanchin tlem leh mihringte tana an lo tangkai theih dante, humhalh an ngaih chho dante ziah chhuah kan tum dawn a ni.
Khuai chi hrang hrangte:
Mizo tena khuai kan tih hi chi 2-ah emaw chi 3 hlawm lian deuh deuhah a then theih a, chungte chu: bee, wasp leh/emaw hornet tihte an ni. A mal malin han sawifiah dawn ila:
Bee: Hengho hi khawvelah chi hrang hrang 16,000 chuang chhinchhiah tawh an niin chi hrang 20,000 chuang zet awm a hriat a ni a, pangpar zu leh pollen (pangpara a chi siamtu, thil dip derh/powder ang hi) chaw a ring thinte an ni. A huhoa khawsa thin tlem azawng an awm a, honey bee (khawivah chhungkua hi chi 8 vel an awm), bumblebee (khawichhur leh anmahni hnaivai chi 250 chuang) leh stingless bee (khuai tur nei lo chi 500 chuang) te hi an ni. A bak zawng (bee species chi hrang hrang atanga 90% chuang mah) chu mahnia chetla thin (solitary bee) an ni thung.
Wasp: Heng ho ve thung hi chi hrang 103,000 chuang zet science thiamna hmanga hrilhfiah (describe) tawh an ni a. Khawizu an siam ve lo a, insect (rannung te tak te te) dang chaw a ring thin, mi zuk na tak an ni. Hengho zinga zaa 70 chuang hi parasitoid wasp (insect dang taksa a tui a, inthlahpun nana hmang thin, heng insect ten an thih phah thin) an ni nghe nghe. Heng species hrang hrang kan hriat theih zinga zaa 97 chuang chu mahnia khawsa chi (solitary wasps) niin, chi 1000 chuang hret te erawh chu a huhoa khawsa thin an ni a. Mizoramah pawh kan hriat lar em em Khawidâng te, Khawivanrial te, Nghalfek te, Nghalpui te, Khawichhunmu te leh a dang tam tak te hi wasp kan tih chhungkua ami, a huhoa khawsa thin te an ni.
Hornet: Anni hi wasp chhungkua ami tho niin, chi 22 chuang hriatchhuah leh hrilhfiah tawh an ni a. Zirchianna thenkhatah chuan wasp chhungkaw hnuaiah dah an ni a, an pumrua a len deuh avangin thenkhatte erawh chuan a hranin an dah ve thung.
An tangkaina
Bee: Thing, thei leh thlai lam chi engpawh, par (flower) hmasa a, chuta tanga rahchhuah thin te chuan chi an chhuah theih nan an par ah pollination (pangpar atanga rah insiam a, chi an chhuah theihna tura thlai lam chite inthlanpun dan) an tih chu a awm hmasak a ngai thin a. Pollination hi thilnung (heng- insect, sava, bak), tui leh thliin an thlentir thei a ni. Khawvel pumpuiina kan eitur, buh leh bal tharchhuah zinga zaa 30 vel zet hi heng khuai te, phengphehlep lam chi te, sava te, bak te leh sephung lam chi ten pollination an awmtir avanga kan tharchhuah an ni a, hmun thuma thena hmun khat zet hi khuai (bee) lam chi tena an thlen tir a ni nghe nghe. Pollination avanga kan thlai leh thei tharchhuah hi pawisa a chantir chuan kum tin US Dollar tluklehdingawn 250 hu a tling hial (US Dollar khat leh India pawisa Rs 82.95 a intluk mek) a, chu chu khawvel puma chaw atana kan thlai tharchhuah zawng zawng atangin zaa 9.5 hu lai a tling pha nghe nghe a ni.
Africa-a Sub-Saharan hmun hrang hranga lapua (cotton) an chinna hmun atangtea an zirchianna atangin, heng khuai (bee) ten pollination an thlentir avang hian an lapaw thar chu 62% laiin a tam phah a ni tih hmuhchhuah a ni a. Khuai (bee) te hi awm lo se chu 37% vel chiah thar tura beisei an ni thung. USA-ah chuan thlai chi sarih heng- apple, dawnfawh, cherry chi thum, mai, etc a khuai ten pollination an awm tir avanga an thlai tharchhuah hlut zawng hi US Dollar tluklehdingawn 1.5 aiin a tam a ni tih an hmuchhuak a. USA-a an zirchiannaah vek hian an rama awmsa insect (native insect) ten a tha lama nghawng an neih avanga an thil tharchhuah hlut zawng hi US Dollar tluklehdingawn 57 niin, chuta tanga tluklehdingawn 3.07 chu khuaiten pollination an awm tir vang a ni tih an hmuchhuak bawk a ni. United Nation Food and Agriculture Organization (UNFAO) a mithiamte chuan khawvelina kan buh leh bal tharchhuah zawng zawng hmun thuma thena hmun khat hi khuai (bee)a innghat a nih thu an sawi a. Heng khuaite hi awm lo se chu tam tla thei leh eitur tlachham thei dinhmuna ding kan ni.
Wasp leh hornet: Heng khuaite hian bee-te ang tho in pangpar bawmin, pollination an awm tir a, thlai chi hrang hrangte inthlahchhawn zelna kawngah dinhmun pawimawh tak an luah a, mihringte eitur buh leh bal tharchhuah kawngah nasa takin min pui bawk. Hemi piah lama an tangkai em em na chu, thlai dang eichhe tu insect dangte chaw atan an ring thin hi a ni. Insect khawvelah chuan anni hi a chungnung ber leh huai ber (top predator) an ni a, heng rannung dang pung chak lutuk tur control tu ber hi an ni. Kan thlai eichhetu insect dangte chawah an ring chhawng a, chutiang chuan environment dang tichhe lo in, rannung tangkai lote min control sak thei a ni.
A chunga kan sawi tawh, parasitoid wasp kan tih zing ami Encarsia formosa phei chu kum 1920 chho atang daih tawh khan thlai eichhetu langsar tak, whitefly an tihte control nan an lo hmang daih tawh a. Tin, heng bakah hian ramhnuaia sa thi leh thei tla te eiin, environment tifaitu pawimawh tak an ni bawk.
Insect ten insect dang, thlai leh mihring tana pawi thlen thei an control leh eichhawn (biological control) avanga hlawkna leh hamthatna (ecosystem service) min thlen sak hlut zawng hi kum tin US Dollar tluklehdingawn 417 ang vel a chhut a ni a. North America bik ah chuan hemi hlut zawng hi kum tin USD tluklehdingawn 4.5 a niin, hetianga biological control thlen tirtu lian ber leh hlawhtling ber chu parasitoid wasp an tihte hi an ni.
Heng khuai ho zuk hi a na hle a, thihpui pawh kan tam thin viau mai. An turte hi research tih nan hman a ni chho mek zel a. Heng atang hian anti-cancer property neite, mihring tana bacteria hlauhawm that thei (anti-microbial activity) neite pawh hmuhchhuah a ni chho zel bawk. Tin, thlai chi pu darhtu pawimawh tak mai an niin, ecosystem a hrisel leh hrisel loh tarlang tu (biological indicator) tha tak an ni bawk a ni.
Khuai kan lak dan ti danglam deuh ila
Tunlaiah Mizoram hmun hrang hrangah khuai, a bikin wasp lam chi kan la nasa em em a. Khuai no hi a tui bakah eitur tha tak mai a lo ni bawk. Protein leh amino acids an pai tamin, thau (fat) an pai tlem em em thung a. Khuai no thenkhat phei chuan a no rih zawng pumpui atanga 46% -81% thleng protein paiin, kan taksain a mamawh amino acid 70% laite an pai tel bawk a ni. Chutih mek laiin Mizoram hmun hrang hrangah rannungin a bawm avanga kan thlai leh theiten a tuar thu kan hre fo. Heng enkawl nan hian loh theih loh a insecticide kan hman a ngai thin. A chhan bulpui berte zinga mi chu heng insect tha lo leh mihringte tana thil pawi thlen thei control a, chaw atana ringtu sava leh khuaite kan tih rem nasat lutuk vang a ni a. Insecticide a an enkawl thlai leh theite hi silfai that an nih loh phei chuan kan taksa tan tur hlauhawm takah an chang thei a, cancer leh natna dang dang mihringa thlen tir theitu an ni. Khuai kan la dawn anih pawh in, anmahni timang lo zawnga chet lak kan thiam a va pawimawh em. Khuai chi hrang hrangte hi climate change avang te, pesticides kan hman nasat lutuk avang te, an chenna kan tihchhiat avangte leh mihringin ei atana kan hman nasat avangte in an mang mek zel a. Kan tana an tangkaiziate hria in, khuai chi hrang hrangte lakah rilru thar kan put pawh a pawimawhin, a tul tak zet a ni.