India ramah Scheduled Tribe (ST) communities 705 lai awmin chu chu India mipui atanga 8.6% a ni a; State 26 leh Union Territories parukah an cheng a ni.
Scheduled and Tribal Areas administration Article 244 chu ST te tana constitutional provision pawimawh ber a ni a. Article 244(1) chuan Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, leh Mizoram tihloha State tena Scheduled Areas a puan theihna tur Fifth Schedule a keng tel a. Sixth Scheduled bik chu Article 244(2) in a sawi angin a chunga State tarlanah te khian hman a ni thung.
India ram puma 11.3% chu Scheduled Areas a ni a, State 10 : Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, leh Himachal Pradesh ah te puana hriattirin a awm a. Kum 2015 khan Kerala chuan chenna hmun 2,133, gram panchayat panga, district pangaa ward pahnih te chu a puang zui bawk a, mahse, Indian government remtihna a nghak mek thung.
Adivasi organisation tena an ngiat chungin khua tam tak heng State 10 ami te chu Scheduled Areas ah puan lohin a awm thung a. Hei vang hian India ST a 59% vel lai te chu Article 244 huam pawnah a la awm a ni. Scheduled Areas tena an chan Right to Fair Compensation leh Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 bakah Biological Diversity Act 2002 te chu kalpui theih lohin a awm a ni.
Kum 1995 khan Bhuria Committee chuan panchayati raj chu Scheduled Areas a hman a nih theih nan rawtna siam ni mah se, tihhlawhtlin a la ni lo.
Scheduled Area governance
President of India chuan India’s Scheduled Areas hriattirna a siamah Scheduled Areas nei State te chu ST member 20 thlenga awmna Tribal Advisory Council din turin a ti a. He committee hian ST welfare chungchangah Governor chu thurawn a pe thin tur a ni. Chumi hnuah Governor chuan Scheduled Areas administration bikah kum tinin president hnenah report pe tura tih a ni a.
Scheduled Areas administratin lamah national governance chuan State hnenah direction a pe thei a. Scheduled Area bikah chuan Governor in Parliament emaw State Legislative Assembly dan siam te chu a hnawl emaw a siam tha thei bawk a. Chu mai bakah Governor chuan Scheduled Area bikah regulation siam theiin a duh chuan ST dangte hnena tribal land transfer pawh a khap thei a, ram sem danah pawh thuneihna a nei thei hial bawk.
He thil tih theihna Governor kuta awm leh President enpui tura tih hi hman a ni lo thung a. Kum 2014-2020 khan Maharashtra-ah erawh hman a ni thung.
Kum 1996-a Parliament-in Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, or PESA a siam khan Constitution leh Consttituent Assembly-in hmathlir a neih chu a takin kalpui a ni ta chauh a ni.
Scheduled Area siamtu
Fifth Schedule chuan Scheduled Area-a puang tura thuneihna chu President thuneihna liau liau tiin a sawi a.
Kum 2006 khan Supreme Court chuan ‘Scheduled Areas puan hi executive function a ni’ tia sawi thungin kum 2019 khan Jharkhand High Court chuan Scheduled Area notification chu hmun thenkhata 50% aia tlem an awm avanga khinna chu a hnawlsak tawh bawk a. Court chuan Scheduled Area bik chu President thuneihna liau liau a ni a ti hmak thung.
Scheduled Area identity
Constitution-in emaw eng dan mahin Scheduled Areas a puan turin criteria chhawpchhuah a nei lo. Mahse, kum 1961-a Dhebar Commission Report chuan ruahmanna a siamah chuan tribal population tamna, enkawl dan awlsam leh remchang zawk te, a bul hnaite nena khaikhina hnufum zual bik te tih te chu teh nan a hamng a.
Eng dan mahin ST percentage chuti zat chu a awm tur a ni tih emaw bithliah engmah awm a awm lo. Kum 2002 Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes Commission chuan 1951 census behchhana tribal population 40% chin chunglam te chu Scheduled Area a ngaih theih a ni a ti thung a. Hei tak hi Ministry of Tribal Affairs pawhin kum 2018-a State-te hnena thupek a chhuaha tan chhana a neih ber chu a ni bawk.
Hei vang hian State tina leh Union Territories tinah Scheduled Areas pawm pawh ni se ST te tamna hmun ber te chu Scheduled Areas a puan zel ni se tia rawtna a awm mek a ni.