TUIHNA HUMHALH

Dr. Vanlaltanpuia
Government Aizawl North College
Thu kamkeuna:
Khawvela chengten kan mamawh tur Pathianin min pek zawng zawng zinga pawimawh ber tia chhal ngam chu Tui hi a ni awm e. Mithiamte chuan mihring taksa zaa sawmsarih (70%) lai mai hi tui a nih thu an sawi thin. Chuvang chuan mihringin kan taksaa tui awm tur zat aia tlem kan pai chuan taksa chak lo leh hrisel lohna hrang hrang a thlen thuai thin avangin kan tui mamawh zat hi kan pai reng a pawimawh em em a ni. Chutiang bawk chuan kan chenna khawvel hmun thuma thena hmun hnih aia tam, zaa sawmsarih (70%) lai mai hi Tuiin a khuh a, chu chu khawvela thilnung chengte dam khawchhuah nan a pawimawh em em a ni. Khawvelah hian tui hrim hrim hi chu a tam em em a, amaherawhchu hman tangkai theih erawh a tlem em em thung.
Khawvela tui awm zawng zawng zaa sawmkua leh pasarih (97%) vel zet chu tui hmantlak loh (Tui al) a ni a, Tuifinriatah a awm. A la bang zaa pathum (3%) pawh chu hman tangkai nghal mai theih a ni lo. Hmun thuma then sawm leha hmun hnih aia tam mah chu chhimtawp leh hmartawpah, vur khangah an la chang a, a la bang hmun khat pawh tling tawh lo chu kan hman tangkai theih awm chhun a ni. Heng kan hman tang kai theih kan tih zingah hian lui tui leh dil tui te an tel a, kan ramah chuan lui leh dil tui kan hman tangkaite erawh an tlem em em thung.
Mizo ten tui in tlak, Zotuithiang tia kan chhal chin ang ngat phei hi chu khawvelah hian a tlem em em a ni. Chuvang chuan kan tui hmuh theih chhunte hian humhalh leh renchem an mamawh tak zet a ni. Kan Tuikhur te, kan Lui tuite leh kan Dil tuite hi enkawl leh uluk taka vawn hima hman tangkai nachang kan hriat a pawimawh em em a ni. Chutih mek laiin kan tui hmuhna awmchhun ruahtui min koh haw saktu leh kan lui tui leh dil tui te vawng himtu ramngaw te chuan rawk leh suasam an tawk mek a, kan Tuikhur leh lui dung leh a chhehvelte lah chu bawlhhlawh paihna hmun emaw tih mai turin Sarang (Polethene bag) leh bawlhhlawh tawih thei lo (non-degradable waste) chi hrang hrangin a hual vel a ni ber mai. Chhutmi tam zawk ten an sawi dan chuan Indopui pathumna hi a lo thleng leh a nih ngai chuan Tui thianghlim inchuhna avanga lo thleng turah an ngai nghet tlat tawh a ni an ti. Chutiang taka pawi mawh ’TUI’ chu keini lah chuan humhalh leh renchema hman tangkai tum a hnekin ral thei lo hman in kan hmanga, a lo ral thei reng mai tih kan hriat chhuah hunah chuan khua kan tlai tawh ang tih a hlauhawm tak zet a ni.
Kan tuihnar neihchhun– Ruahtui :
Mizoram hi khawvela tlangdung ropui ber Himalaya tlangdung zinga pakhat, Purvanchal range an tiha awm kan ni a. Himalaya tlangdung hawizawng (chhak leh thlang) ang lo takin chhim leh hmar hawi zawngin tlangdung kan nei bik a, kan tlangdung neih tepawh hmundang ngaihtuah chuan a hniam deuh bik nghe nghe. Tin, Himalaya tlangdunga awmten an neih thin tlangsang tak, vurin a khuh hmun kan nei ve lem lo bawk. Himalaya tlangdung hmun tam zawkah chuan tlangsang lama vur inchhekkhawmte hi an tui hmuhna hnar pawimawh ber a ni a.
Mahse, tlangsang tak, vur tlakna hmun kan neih ve loh avangin Mizoramin tui kan hmuhna hnar pawimawh ber chu ruahtui a ni thung. Kan ram tlangdung awm dan in chhimthlang ruahtuipai thli (South West Monsoon) lo haw a lo dan avang leh kan ramngaw neih ten ruahtui a koh haw theih thin avangin ruahtui kan dawng tha em em thin a ni. Mizoramah hian kum khat chhunga thla tam zawk, thla riat (8) vel lai (April thla chawhnu lam atanga November thla chawhma lam) chu ruahtui kan dawng a ni. Hemi avang hian kan tuihna, tuikhur tui leh lui tui te pawh kumtluanin an tha tlangpui thin.
Kan tuihnar neihchhun a kiam telh telh:
Kum zabi sawmhnihna tawp lam leh zabi sawmhnih pakhatna tir lama Mizoramin ruahtui kan dawn zat en chuan khawvela ruahtui dawng tha ber pawl kan ni kan ti thei ang. Amaherawhchu, kan ruahtui dawnte hi a kiam hret hret zel tih erawh sorkar lam chhinchhiah dan a ni thung. Tin, a chhunga chengte pawh hian chu chu kan pawmpui thlapin a rinawm. Ruahsur hunbi kan pi leh puten an lo neih thin tepawh nasa takin a danglam tawh tih tepawh kan hre theuh awm e. Ruahtui ko hawtu leh lo khawlkhawmtu ber ramngaw kan tih chereu zel avangin tui harsatna kan tawk chho ta mek a ni. Kan tui hmuhna hnar ruahtui kan dawn zat pawh a kum telin a tlem chho zela, chu chuan kan tuihna leh tuikhur, lui te leh lui liana tui tam lam (volume) tepawh nasa taka nghawngin kan ram lui pawimawh bera chhal ngam Tlawng lui tepawh a kam thu kan sawi luai luai mai a nih kha.
Mizoram sorkar hnuaia Economics and Statistics Department-in an chhinchhiah danin kum 30 lek kalta, kum 1992 atanga kum 2021 thlenga chhutin, Mizorama ruahtui tla zat tlakhniam chak em em dan hi ngaimawh tham a tling. Kum 10 chhung zela ruahtui tla zat chawhrual (average) enin a chiang ber awm e. Kum 1992-2001 chhunga ruahtui tla zat chawhrual chu 2559.5 mm lai a la tling phak a. Kum 10 hnu lam (2002-2011) ah erawh ruahtui tla zat chawhrual hi 2492.41mm ah a tla thla a, a hma kum nen an inthlauhna chu 67.095mm lai a tling phak a ni. Tin, tunhnai kum 10 chhung (2012-2021) hian ruahtui tla zat chawhrual hi a tlem leh zual hle mai a, 2090.364 mm chiah ruahtui kan dawng a ni. A hma kum 10 chhunga ruahtui tla zat chawhrual nena chhutin, ruahtui hi 402.041 mm laiin a tla tlem a ni. Hetianga kan tui hmuhna awmchhun leh pawimawh ruahtui tla zat a kiam zel chuan ei leh ina kan tui mamawh mai piah lamah buh leh bal tharchhuahna lama kan tui mamawh a phuhru phak lo thuai ang a, buaina nasa zawk kan tawng chho vat dawn tih a rin zawn theih mai awm e. (Table 1)
Mizoram district hrang hrangten kum 20 chhunga ruahtui an dawn dan han bihchiang leh ila. Ruahtui tlak dan hi a inang lo khawp mai a, chhimthlang ruahtuipai thli (SW Monsoon) hi kan ruahtui hmuhna ber a nih avangin khawchhak lam ai chuan khawthlang lamah ruahtui a tla hnem tlangpui a. Tin, kan ram leilung awm dan leh tuipui atanga kan awmna hlat zawng hian nasa takin ruahtui tlak dan a ti danglam bawk. Khawthlang lam district heng Lawngtlai, Lunglei, Mamit leh Kolasib te hian kum 20 chhunga an ruahtui dawn zat chawhrual chu 2100 mm chung lam a nih laiin khawchhak lam Champhai leh Serchhip lamah chuan 2000 mm a tling pha lo thung. Ruahtui kan dawng tha kan tih rual hian tun hnaia ruahtui tla zat en chuan ruahtui kan dawn zat tlem chak lutuk hian mi thiamte rilru a ti mangang a. Kan tui hmuhna hnar awmchhun a nih miau avangin ngaihthah theih a ni bawk hek lo. Tun hnai kum 20 chhunga Mizoram district hrang hranga ruahtui tla zat a tla hniam nasa em em hlawm a. Ruahtui dawng tha em em thin district-ah tepawh ruahtui tla zat hi nasa takin a tlahniam a ni. Kum 2002-2011 chhunga ruahtui tla zat leh kum 2012-2021 chhunga district tina ruahtui tla zat khaikhawmna hian ruahtui kiam nasatzia a ti chiang thei awm e. (Table 2)
Tunhnai kum sawmhnih (20) chhunga Mizoram district hrang hranga ruahtui tla zat kiam nasatna ber chu Lawngtlai district niin kum sawm kal tawh leh tunhnai kum sawm chhunga ruahtui tla zat chawhrual in 674.57 mm laiin a kiam a, a dawttu chu Kolasib district niin 493.59 mm laiin a kiam bawk. Tin, Khawthlang lam district Mamit ah pawh 249.32 mm laiin a kiam a, Lunglei districtah pawh 207.86 mm laiin a kiam ve bawk a ni. Ruahtui tla zat hi Mizoram district chhak ber Champhaiah chuan a ziaawm hret a, mahse 85.82 mm laiin a kiam ve tho. Tin, ram laili Serchhip district-ah pawh ruahtui tla hi a kiam nasa em em mai a, a kiamna hi 455.88 mm lai a tling pha a ni. District dangte ang lo takin Aizawl district ah chuan ruahtui tla zat hi chhete in a pung hret thung a, 5.43 mm in a pung a ni.
Humhalh mamawh Tuihna
Kan tarlan tak ang khan, Mizoram khawthlang lam district-ten ruahtui dawng tha thin mah se, an dawn zat erawh nasa takin a tla hniam chho mek a. Mizoram laili Serchhip district-ah pawh nasa takin a kiam bawk. Tunhnai kum 20 chhung chawhruala ruahtui dawng tha ber Saiha district lamah pawh ruahtui a kiam nasa em em tih a chung lama kan Table tarlanah hian chiang taka hmuh theih a ni. Kan tui hmuhna hnar awmchhun ruahtui kiam zel hian kan tuihna a ti tlem nasa em em mai a. Tun hma kum rei vak loa lui tui kang ngai lo tepawh a kang chat ta nual mai.
Tin, kan lui tuite pawn thal lai chuan tun hma an pha ta lo hlawm hle tih pawh hrilh nawn kan ngai awm lo ve. |hal laia luite tui luang ri her her, hman ni lawka kan hriat thin tepawh tunah chuan an reh tlawk tlawk tawh mai a nih hi. Tlangsang lam atanga tui lo luang, fim leh thiang kak mai sawi nana kan hman thin Zotuithiang kan tih tepawh hmun thenkhatah chuan hmuh tur a awm meuh tawh lo. Mihring kan pung chho zel a, tui thianghlim kan mamawhna a sang chho ve zel a. Chu mai a ni lo, ei leh bar tharchhuah nana kan tui mamawh pawh kum telin a tam chhoh tial tial laia a loa kan awm theih hauh loh Tui vang chho zel hian harsatna nasa zawk min thlen chho ngei dawn niin a lang. Hengte avang hian kan tui neih chhunte hian humhalh an mamawh tak zet a. Renchem taka hman pawh kan inzirtir sauh sauh a ngai chho dawn a ni.
Mizoram ram lailia luang, lui lian leh khaw tam takin innghahna atana kan hman ber Tlawng luia tui dinhmun hian Mizoram lui dangte dinhmun pawh nasa takin a tarlang theiin a rinawm. Chiang deuh zawkin i han bih chiang teh ang. Kum 2010 atanga 2013 chhunga Tlawng luia tui luang zat tlem lai ber chawhrual chu 124.21 MLD a nih laiin kum 2020-2023 chhunga lui tui luang tlem lai ber chawhrual chu 56.66 MLD chiah a ni pha tawh a ni. Kum sawm chhung lekin 67.55 MLD laiin tui a tlem hman tihna a ni, chu chu za zela 45.61 lai a tling pha hial a ni.
Tlawng lui ber pawh hetiang a nih chuan Mizoram lui dangte pawh an ziaawm bik viau chuang loin a rin theih a, hetiang zela a kiam chhoh chuan kan hma lawkah hian tui harsatna nasa takin min hmuak mek ti ila thu kan uar lutuk awm lo e. (Table 3)
Engtin nge Tuihna kan humhalh ang?
Tuihna humhalh dan hi kawng tam tak a awm thei ang. A then te chu sorkar leh pawl lian zawkte hmalakna tur chi, sum leh pai, tha leh zung tam tak sen ngaite an ni awm e. Mahse, sorkar leh pawlte inrawlh kher ngai lo, sum leh pai, tha leh zung seng lutuk lo pawha mi tinin kan tih mai theih pahnih han tarlang ila.
1) Ruahtui khawl : Ziak hmasa lama kan thai lan tak ang khan Mizoramin ruahtui kan hmuh hi kiam zelin lang mah se tun dinhmuna ruahtui kan dawn hi a tlem chhe hauh lo a. A khawl nachang kan hriata renchem taka kan hman chuan hmun dang atanga tui la lo pawhin kumtluana tui hman tur kan nei thei dawn a ni. Kan sawi tak ang khan, Mizoram hian kum khata thla sawm leh pahnih chhung hian thla riat dawn lai mai chu ruahtui kan dawng a ni. Kan ramin van ruahtui kan hmuh hi tih thianghlim leh hranpa ngai loa Pathian malsawmna kan dawn a nih avangin khawl nachang kan hriat chuan tuihna humhalhna kawng pawimawh leh tangkai ber a ni thei dawn a ni. Kan thawmhnaw leh thil danga sum sen kan hreh loh ang chiah hian ruahtui khawlna siam nan emaw a bungraw leina atan kan sumte thehchhuak phal ve ngat ila chu tuihna humhalhna kawngah kan thawhhlawk hle dawn a ni. Tun dinhmunah chuan awmze nei taka hun rei zawk hman daih tura ruahtui dawh khawl nachang hria hi Mizoram khawtinah hian chhiar tham pawh kan awm meuh lo mai thei. Ruahtui malsawmna kan dawn hi chhiar thiam a, a lo thlawna luanral tir lova khawlkhawma hman tangkai kan tum tur a ni.
2) Ramngaw humhalh :
Kan sawi tak ruahtui tla zat kiam zelte hian chhan tam tak a neih theih rualin a chhan lian ber chu ruahtui ko hawtu ber ramngaw kan tih chereu nasat vang a ni thei ang. Kan tih chereu chhan chu eng pawh nise, ruah ko hawtu leh hman tangkai theih tura lo khawlkhawmtu ramngaw ti chhe zawnga hmasawnna tur ruahmanna/hmalakna tepawh kan tih danglam ngam a ngai a ni. Tuihna insiam nana ramngaw pawimawh zia Mizoram in a tak ngeia kan tawn hi kan sawilang teh ang. Kum 2018, nikir thlaa tih chhuah ‘Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas of Selected Districts of India’, Volume -2 in a tarlan dan chuan 2003-05 atanga 2011-13 chhungin India ram pumpuia ram leilung chhe chakber chu Lunglei District a ni a, Aizawl District chu pahnihna a ni bawk. Hei hian a hrinchhuah chu tuihna a ti tlem tial tial a, kum 2021 a lo thlen meuh chuan Lunglei leh Aizawl district-a luang tlang Mizoram laili a kan lui lian ber leh sei ber nibawk (Mizoram pum nilovin) Tlawng lui hnarah tui a kang/tlem kan ti a, Aizawl khawpui chawm tur tui pawh pump tur mumal a awm lo a nih kha. Hei hian tuihna insiam tura ramngaw pawimawhzia a tarlang chiang hle awm e.
Tuihna humhalh dan awlsam leh pawimawh ber chu ramngaw humhalh a ni tih hi kan inzirtir uar angai hle. Tuihna insiam nan ramngaw a pawimawh em em a, kan tui hmuhna hnar awmchhun ruahtui tha taka kan hmuh zel theihna awmchhun pawh ramngaw siam emaw kan neihsa te vawn him a ni tih hriaa kan theihtawpa tan lak zel hi kan tih makmawh a ni. ‘Tuihna humhalh’ tih leh ‘Ramngaw humhalh’ tih hi lak hran theihloh, thil kalkawp, inzawm tlat an ni tih hi kan hriat chian a pawimawh a, Ramngaw humhalh loin Tuihna a insiam thei lo a, tuihna humhalh tur chuan kan ramngaw te kan tih chereu loha kan vawnhim tlat a ngai a ni.
Thu tlangkawmna :
Kan eizawnna leh ei hmuhna ber kan lo neih dan hian ramngaw humhalh leh venhim kawngah awmzia a neihtir hlei thei lo va. A thlakna tha zawk kan la hriat miau loh avangin kan kalpui zel lo thei si lo va, tuihna insiam a harsat chhoh phah zel a ni. |halai fing leh lehkha thiam zawkte chuan ramngaw ti chhe lo zawnga ei leh bar kan zawn thiam te pawh a pawimawh chho ta khawp mai, chu chuan tuihna humhalh kawngah nasa takin hmasawnna min thlen thei ang. Tin, Pathian malsawmna kan dawn ruahtui te pawh ho lam taka luanraltir mai mai lova khawlkhawm nachang kan hriat a, hman hman tangkai dan kan zir chhoh a pawimawh hle. Kan pi leh pu, nu leh pa techuan an thiam ang tawkin hma an lo la tawha, keini an tu leh fate hian kan ram hi kan thlah zelte tan chenna hmun nuam taka siam turin kan thiam leh theihna te kan hman tangkaia, theih tawpa tha kan thawh tlan a ngai a ni. Kan tu leh fate chenna tur hi vawiina mite hian kan siam mek tih hriain tuihna tlem zel tipung leh turin kan theihna zawn theuhah tan la sauh sauh turin kan insawm a ni.