“TYRANNY OF THE MAJORITY” LEH “TYRANNY OF THE MINORITY”

THUHMA
Sap \awnga “Tyranny” an tih hi, JF Dailova chuan Mizo \awngin “lal râwnna” tiin a dah a. “Majority” tih chu “a tam zawkte” tihna a ni a, “minority” tih chu “a tlem zawkte” tihna a nihzia mi tin hriat a ni. Chuvangin “tyranny of the majority” leh “tyranny of the minority” tihte chu “a tam zawkte lal râwnna” leh “a tlem zawkte lal râwnna” tih ila, a sual em lo vang chu maw.
TYRANNY OF THE MAJORITY
“Tyranny of the majority” tih \awngkam leh ngaihtuahna hi French historian leh political theorist Alexis de Tocqueville’n (1805-1859) a hmang hmasa ber awm e. Majoritarianism tih te pawhin sawi a ni \hin. System (tih dan, inrelbawl dan) hi “ism” a ni tawh chuan, system nghet takin a kal tawh \hin a, sawisel thei a ni tawh \hin lo. Tihdanglam pawh harsa tak a ni tawh \hin.
Democracy politics khawvelah chuan majority sawrkar tih hian ram mipui tam zawk vote hmu-a sawrkarna siam presidential system emaw, thlantlin (MP/MLA) member tam zawk neih-a sawkarna siam parliamentary system emaw a kawk a. Tyranny of the majority tih leh majoritarianism tih chu sawrkar’n opposition (minority) thusawi leh rawtnate chu thil \ha a nih leh nih loh lam ngaihtuah lem lo va, hnawl vek tumna leh hnawl vek \hinna a kawk a ni. Anmahni ruling party memberte thusawi leh rawtna leh sawrkar rawtnate a nih chuan, majority an nihna hmang \angkai a, pawm zel tumna leh pawm zelna a kawk bawk. Chumi avang chuan he kal dan hi tyranny of the majority (a tam zawkte lal râwnna) tia koh hial a lo ni ta a ni.
Vote zawng zawng hmun thuma thena hmun hnih (66.67%) leh a chung lam vote hmu-a super majority sawrkar siamtute pawh an awm thin. Super majority nei sawrkar chuan tunlai dinhmun nena inmil tawh lo constitution bung leh changte \ha an tih ang leh an duh dan anga tihdanglam theihna vote an nei a, a \ha hle. Chutih rualin chapona, dictatorship leh tyranny of the majority lama luh a awl hle ve thung a, a hlauhawmna chin a awm ve a ni. Tyranny of the majority pumpelh a nih theihna turin, sawrkarna siam tawk lek, 50-60% inkar vote hian sawrkar siam \hin se a \ha hle zawk mai thei. Ram tana thil \ha tur a nih dawn phawt chuan, danpui siamthat rawtnate telin, opposition lamin an vote pui mai ang.
Kawng dangah chuan tyranny of the majority system chu, population tam zawk leh hmasawn zawk majority hnamte’n population tlem zawk leh hnufual zawk minority hnamte himna, feeling, duh dan, hnam zia (culture), \awng leh hmasawnna te ngaihtuahpui leh hriatthiampui tumna nei lo va, minorityte chu rapbet a, kal khumin majority hnam zia leh \awnga assimilate tumna system a ni. Chutianga majority hnamte lal râwnna hnuaiah chuan minority-te chanvo a chhe hle thin a ni. Hnam anga an dam khawchhuahna (survival) te thlengin a nghawng phah thin a ni. Population tam zawk nei sakhua chuan population tlem zawk nei sakhua rapbetin a kal khum thei bawk a, kohhran leh Kohhran inkarah pawh chutiang thil chu a thleng thei a ni.
Majority-te hmuh dan leh ngaih dante hi \ha ber leh dik ber an ni ziah \hin kher lo tih pawh hriat tel a \ha hle awm e. Numbers bung 13-naa Kanaan ram enthlak thu ah khan minorityte hmuh dan leh ngaih dan kha Pathian duhzawng a ni tlat. Enthlatu 12-te zingah khan minority (Joshua leh Kaleba) hmuh dan leh ngaih dan kha Pathian duhzawng a ni a, majority (enthlatu 10 rualte) hmuh dan leh ngaih dante kha Pathian duh lo zawng a ni tlat a ni. Chuvangin minority-te hmuh dan leh ngaih dante hi ngaih pawimawh ve \hin a \ha hle. Hemi avang hian a ni ang, USA-ah chuan “opposition” tih tawngkam hmang lovin “minority” tih an hmang zawk a ni: Minority leader, minority te hmuh dan leh ngaih dan, etc.
TYRANNY OF THE MINORITY
Havard University-a political scientist pahnih – Daniel Ziblatt leh Steven Levitsky – te chuan nikum (2023)-ah khan Tyranny of the Minority tih lehkhabu an chhuah a. A tawi zawngin sawi ila, USA Inthlanna dan constitution an sawisel (critique) a ni deuh ber. USA-ah chuan President thlannaah candidate pakhat chuan mipui (popular) vote-ah hmu tam zawk mah se, electoral college (state upate) vote-ah absolute majority (50+%) a hmu lo a nih chuan thlan tlinna puan a ni thei lo. A khingpui chuan mipui vote hmu tlem zawk mah se la, electoral college vote-ah absolute majority a hmuh tlat chuan, thlan tlina puan a ni thin. A awmzia chu a ram mipui tam zawkin an duh loh leh an vote loh chu President a ni thei tihna a ni.
Entirnan, kum 2016 USA inthlanpui-ah khan Pu Donald Trump chuan electoral college vote 538-ah 304 (56.5%) hmuin, tlin theihna tur 270 aia tam fe a hmu a ni. Mipui vote erawh chu 62,984,828 (46.1%) chauh a hmu thung. A khingpui Pi Hillary Clinton khan mipui vote-ah chuan Pu Trump aia hmuh tam zawk fein, 65,853,514 (48.2%) lai hmu mah se la, electoral college vote 227 chauh a hmuh avangin thlan tlin a ni ta lo a ni. Mipui vote 5% vel chu party dangte-ah a kal a ni. Hetiang system hi Ziblatt leh Levitsky chuan kal dan tur leh thil dik leh \ha niin an hre lo va, mi tlem zawkte’n an duh leh an vote sawrkar neih a, chu “minority” sawrkar’n a thu thua rorelna a kalpui chu, tyranny of the minority (a tlem zawkte lal râwnna) an ti hial a ni.
Multi-party parliamentary system-ah pawh hian chutiang thil chu a awm ve thei. Kan hriat \heuh angin, multi-party parliamentary system-ah chuan mipui tam zawk (50+%) absolute majority vote hmuh a ngai lo. Candidate-te zinga vote hmu tam ber chu thlan tlina puan a ni mai a ni. A awmzia chu political party pakhat emaw, party pakhat aia tam coalition emaw chuan mipui tam zawk vote hmu lo mah se la, MP/MLA member tam zawk (50+%) an nei chuan sawrkar an siam thei a ni. Hei pawh hi thlirna tlang dang atanga thlir chuan, he ziaktu’n “Majority Vs Plurality” tih thupui hmanga multi-party parliamentary system \hat lohna (weakness) a critique ang khan, mipui tam zawkin an vote loh party’n sawrkar a siam chuan “minority” sawrkar a nihna lai a awm a ni, a ram mipui tam zawkin an duh loh party a nih avangin.
Entirnan nikuma (2023) Mizoram inthlanpuiah khan ZPM chuan MLA seat 40-ah seat 27 lai lain sawrkar siam mah se, mipui vote erawh chu 37.86 % chauh an hmu a, Mizoram mipui tam zawk (62.14%) chuan ZPM an vote lo tihna a ni. Kumin (2024) India inthlanpui-ah pawh, Centrala rorel lai NDA chuan mipui vote 46.2% chauh a hmu a, India mipui tam zawk (53.8%) chuan NDA chu an vote lo tihna a ni. Chutianga mipui tam zawkin an duh loh leh an vote loh party leh coalitionte’n sawrkar an siam theihna multi-party parliamentary system chu, sawi tawh angin, “minority” sawrkar an nihna lai a awm ve a, chu “minority” sawrkar chuan mipui tam zawk feeling leh sen