A.M.C-A AIZAWL KHAWPUI ENKAWL TUR CHUAN …

Dr. Lalmuana Guite
Assit Professor,
Dept of Political Science
ICFAI University, Aizawl.

Bangladesh tualchhung politics inlum let dan hian a tha zawng emaw a tha lo zawngin emaw India-ah nghawng a nei thin a. Political party inhal pahnih Awami League leh Bangladesh Nationalist Party te thlen chian chuan ram pahnihte inlaichinna kal zel dan tur thui tak a hril thin. Awami League-in sawrkarna an siam chuan ram pahnihte inkarah nen thawh hona tha tak a awm a, BNP an sawrkar ve thung chuan India aiah Pakistan leh China te lam an hawi deuh thin a ni. Kum 2024 June thla tir lama zirlaite’n tharum tel lova ‘quata system’ duh lohna kawng zawh an neih chu ramphatsantu tiin sawrkar chuan sipai tharum hmangin a chhang let a. Zirlaite leh sipaite in hmachhawnnaah mi 300 velin nunna an chan phah a ni. He thil thleng duhawm loh tak hian sawrkar laka helna nasa zawk chawk chhuakin Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina bang tura nawrna nasa tak a awm ta a. Loh theih lohna avangin August 5, 2024-ah Hasina chu India-ah rawn thlan chhiain sahimna a rawn zawng ta a ni. Awami League sawrkar chu paihthlak niin August 8, 2025-ah Mohammad Younus kaihhruai sawrkar lailawk (interim government) a lo piang ta a ni. Sheikh Hasina kaihhruai sawrkar paihthlak a nih hnu hian India leh Bangladesh inkar hian that lam pan aiin a khi zau zual zel niin a lang.
BANGLADESH POLITICIS BUAINA CHHAN
Sheikh Hasina kaihhruai Awami League sawrkar paih thlak a nih atang khan India leh Bangladesh inkar boruakin hniam lam a pan zel a. A chhan tam tak awm thei zinga langsar zualte chu; Mipuiin an vote hlu tak hmanga an thlan tlin sawrkar hruaitute’n a thlang tlingtute duh leh beisei ang ro relna tha an pe thei si lova, eirukna a hluar a, thalai hna hmu lo an pung a, rethei leh hausa inkar a inthlau em em bawk. Tin, sawrkar a inluling a, mipuite zalenna nasa takin nek chepin a awm a ni. Mipui lungawi lo chuan kawtthlerah sawrkar duh lohna an au chhuah pui a, mahse ngaihthlaksak duh lovin ram phatsantu (razakars) tiin sawrkar chuan sipai silai kengte a hmachhawn tir a. Chu chuan sawrkar paih thlak duhna hial khawpa thinurna a chawk chhuak ta a ni. United Nation chuan zirlaite’n lungawilohna an lantir ni sawmli paruk chhung khan mi 1400 velin nunna an chan niin a tarlang. Bangladesh hi Bay of Bengal tuipui depa awm, lawngchawlhna hmun pawimawh tak awmna a nih vangin ram chak leh thil ti thei zawkte’n hman tangkai theih dan an zawng reng a. Chung zingah chuan USA, China, India leh Pakistan pawh an tel a ni. Tu party pawh lo sawrkar sela, thian thaa siam an duh thin. Amaherawhchu, an beisei ang thawhhona an hmu lo a nih chuan an duh tihlawhtling thei leh an sawngawi zawnpui theih tur sawrkar siam dan tur an ngaihtuah vat zel a ni. A chhan pawimawh dang leh chu mipui tam zawk, a bikin thalaite zingah identity politics kan tih mai, mahni hnam, chi bil leh sahkhuana politics nen kaih kawp a ram inrelbawlna kalpui duhna hian bu a khuar thuk sawt em em a. Democracy inrelbawlna, sahkhaw intluktlanna leh hlei bik awm lohna (secularism) chang chawi a sawrkar inenkawlna chu duh khawp tawh lovin, sahkhaw bil inkaikhruaina (religious fundamentalism) nena kaih kawp sawrkar inrelbawlna din tuma hma la pawl an awm a ni. Chutiang lam hawia thawh hlawk ber chu Jamaat-e-Islamia party a ni. Kan sawi tawh bakah pawimawh dang awm leh chu South Asia khawmualpui geopolitics (ram hrang hrang te inkungkaihna) danglam chho zel hian Bangladesh tual chhung buaina nen inzawmna a nei a ni.
BANGLADESH BUAINAAH RAMDANG AN TEL EM?
Khawvel insumdawntawnna bungrua zaa sawmriat aia tam chu tuipui chunga lawng hmanga phurh an ni. Bay of Bengal tuipui pawh khawvel sumdawnna bungraw phur tam takin ni tin an pal tlang a. An pawimawhna hmu thiamin ram thil ti thei zawkte chuan tuipui depa ram awmte chu thian thaa siam a, an hmun pawimawh a bikin lawngchawlhna hman tangkai ve theih an tum thin a ni. Kum 1971 atanga vawiin ni thlenga Bangladesh tualchhung politics inlum let chho danah pawh hian ram dang kut khawih a tel ve a ni. Chung zinga langsar zual kan sawi theih te chu: –
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Kum 1972 atang khan USA leh Bangladesh-in kawng hrang hrang, hriselna (health), insumdawn tawnna (trade), venhimna hna (security) leh zirna tih hmasawnna kawngah thawh hona tha tak an lo kalpui tawh a. Mahse kum 2000 chho atang khan firfiaka chetna (terrorism) do kawngah leh tual chhung sawrkar kal phungah an thu a inhmu lo ta zeuh zeuh a ni. Sheikh Hasina Prime Minister-na hnuaia sawrkar kal phung duh khawp loh avanga sawisel nasa ber chu USA a ni a. Opposition party hruaitute man khawma jail tantir leh mimal dikna (human rights) palzut zawnga sawrkar chet-lakna awm chu a duh lo em em a ni. America chuan hetiang thil dik loa inhnam hnawih Rapid Action Batallion (RAB) hotute lakah kum 2021 khan hrekna (sanction) a kalpui a nih kha. US inhrekna a kalpui khan opposition-te sawrkar laka lungawi lohna lantir tur leh sawrkar paih thla tur a tha rum thawhna kawngah a tihuangtau sawt a. Tualchhung politics buaina a ruk a inmung chho mek chu ram pum huapa rawn alh chhuakin, tun dinhmun an thleng taah mi tam tak chuan an ngai a ni.
Bangladesh sawrkar dinglai paihthlak a nih khan ram pahnih inlaichinna siam thatna hun remchang a nihzia hriain US chuan sawrkar lailawk lo ding tur chu democracy behchhana rorelna kalpui turin thurawn a pe a. Tin, Bangladesh Army-in mipui kuta sawrkarna a hlan let ta kha lawmawm a tih thu a sawi bawk a ni. Sawrkar lailawk hotu ber atan Mohammad Younus ruat a nih tak hnu phei kha chuan a tam zawkin Bangladesh-a sawrkar paihthlakna thleng kha America kut thawh a nih an ring nghet tlat a. A chhan chu Younus hi Western ram hruaitute nen a inthian tha tak mai a ni a, Islamist leh conservative mi leh sate chuan an duh loh thu an au chhuahpui nghal a nih kha. Bangladesh chuan sawrkar puitling la nei rih lo mah se an thawhdunna huang zauh turin 2025 June thla khan inremna thuthlung ‘Non-Disclosure Agreement’ (NDA) chu America nen an sign a. He inremna chhungah hian Bangladesh-in China bungraw chawk luh a tih tlem dan tur leh US atang ralthuam leh nitin mamawh bungraw lak luh a tihpun dan tur a inziak a ni. He inremna chungchanga Bangladesh-in hma a lakna zawng zawng chu WTO hnenah report a pek zel a ngai dawn bawk a ni. Bangladesh sawrkar inlumlet chhoh dan hian U.S hmalaknain an ram politics-ah nghawng a nei tih a hmuh theih a. Ram pahnihte hmalakna en in hun lo la awm zel turah pawh U.S hian Bangladesh a la chamchilh rih a rinawm a ni.
CHINA
Bay of Bengal tuipui kama awm a nih avangin Bangladesh hi South Asia, South East Asia, Europe leh America khawmualpuite thlunzawmtu pawimawh tak a ni a. A bikin China chhim lam hmun thenkhat, tlawhpawh harsa leh khawvel ram dangte nen intlawh pawhna chhuah-kâ nei mumal lote tan lawngchawlhna hmun pawimawh awm theihna, an mamawh chawk luhna hmunpui remchang tak ni thei tur a lo ni leh zel a. Chu chu hmu thiamin China sawrkar chuan kum engemaw zah kalta atang khan Bangladesh nen thawh hona tha tak siam tumin hma a la tawh a ni. Sumdawnna lawng tam takin Bay of Bengal an pal tlang a ngai a, tin he tuipui chung 207,000 sq km, hmun pawimawh bik Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ 200nm) awmna chu Bangladesh sawrkar thuneihna huam chhunga awm a ni. Chuvangin China tan chuan zalen taka a sumdawnna lawngte he tuipu chunga an chet theih nan Bnagladesh nen inlaichinna tha siam a pawimawh em em a ni. Chu chuan China economy than len zel nan Bangladesh-in hmun pawimawh tak a luahzia a tichiang awm e. Bangladesh-in khawvel ram hrang hrang sumdawnna a neihpui zinga lian ber chu China a ni a. An ram chhunga hmasawnna hna hrang hrang thawk tam ber a ni bawk. Bangladesh chuan kum 2016 khan China ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ project chu zawmin, hemi hnuaiah inkalpawhna kalkawng (road) 12, lei (bridge) 21 leh kawlphetha siam chhuahna (hydro-power project) 27 siam a ni tawh a. Kan sawi tawh bakah ram pahnihte hian kum 2002 khan ralthuam lama thawh dunna ‘land defence pack’ an lo sign tawh a. He inremna kaltlangin Bangladesh chuan missile launcher, fighter aircraft, submarine leh ralthuam dangte leiin China atang ralthuam tam zawk a chaw lut a. Chuvangin China hi Bangladesh tan chuan a sipai leh an ram venhimna lam thuam chak nan an thawh hlawk em em a ni.
Bangladesh sawrkar chuan an ram leh sawrkar mamawhna zulzuiin an foreign policy pawh an her danglam ve hret hret a. Zawi zawiin China lam a hawi zel a, tun sawrkar lailawk inrelbawlnaah pawh hmun pawimawh tak an chang chho mek niin a lang. India Parliamentary Standing Committee on External Affairs-in an Chairman Sashi Tharoor kaihhruaina hnuaia an zirchiannaah pawh Bangladesh buainaah China a inrawlh tih an sawi a ni. China-in hmasawnna hrang hrang a thawh (Airport, Mongla port, Terminals, etc) leh loan awlsam taka a puktir thin avangin Bangladesh chuan China a bel hnai sawt em em a, China chet lak dan chuan sawrkar inrelbawlnaah pawh nghawng thui tak a nei niin a lang. kum 1971 atanga tun thleng hian China chuan vaibelchhe 67,404.9 a puk tur tawh a ni. Mohammad Younus khan sawrkar aiawh anga ram dang a zinna hmasa ber chu China a ni a. March 28, 2025 khan Chinese President Xi Jinping hmuin ram pahnihte kawng hrang hranga an thawh dun theih dan tur a sawipui a. Chung zingah chuan hmasawnna hmuh theih (infrastructure), insumdawn tawnna, leh energy lama thawh dun theihna turte a tel a ni. Tin, China tana hmuh hmaih hauh loh tur, Asia khawmualpui mai ni lo, khawvel huap ang pawha Bangladesh thuthmun a pawimawhzia (strategic importance) a hrilh bawk a ni. Ram pahnih hruaitute inkawmna chuan rah duhawm chhuahin China chuan Bangladesh ram chhunga hmasawnna hna kalpui nan leh an mamawhna apianga hman atan tanpuina vaibelchhe 18,874.7265 pek a lo tiam a ni. China chuan a hmalakna zauh zelin sawrkar lailawk hruaitute bakah, Bangladesh politics-a dinhmun pawimawh chelh mek hruaitu dangte nen thawh hona tha siam tumin indawrna a neihpui a. September 2024 khan Bangladesh-a China Ambassador, Yao Wen chuan Jamaat-e-Islami (JI) hruaitute nen inkawmna neiin thawh ho dan tur an sawi a. Hemi hnu July leh September thla ah China leh JI hruaitu pawimawhte chuan inhmuhkhawmna an nei chhhunzawm bawk.
Kan sawi tawh angin JI hi ram engemaw zah chuan firfiak pawl terrorist-ah an puang a. Tun Bangladesh buainaah pawh India sawrkar duh lohna leh ngaih theih lohna (anti-Indian slogan) rawn au chhuahpui nasa bertu an ni. An pawl hian China leh Pakistan an tawrhpui a ni. An hmalakna kal zel hrinchhuah chu October 19, 2025 khan Chittagong University-ah zirlai lungawilo an pung khawm a, chuta an au hla ber chu ‘China Teesta River Comprehensive Management and Restoration Project’ tih puitlin ni rawh se tih a ni. India leh Bangladesh Ganga Water Sharing Treaty chu kum 2026-ah a tawp tawh dawn a, mahse inbiakna kalpui mek niin sawi hona hnu hnung ber chu March 2025-a Joint River Commission on India and Bangladesh meeting kkha a ni. An ram politics boruak vangin India nena inbiakna kalpui ai chuan China nena inremna siam sawrkar an phut mek a ni. Tun hnaia Bangladesh rama University student election neih zawh takah khan JeI thlawp te’n hnehna an chang deuh vek a. Lang chiang ta chu thalaite zingah India duhlohna rilru (anti-Indian sentiment) tuh tum a hmala an awm avangin India ngaih theih lohna hluar sawt em em a. Heta mawhphurtu ber chu Pakistan leh China in an vulh len JI party mi leh sate an ni. Chuvangin China chuan tun a thalaite rilru an suk thlektir theih lai hi an tan hun duhawm a ni tih hria in, Bangladesh nen inlaichinna tha zawk siam kawngah ram dawng zawng zawng tlan khalh tumin hma an la mek a ni.
INDIA
India leh Bangladesh ram pahnihte hi an thu kal lam leh haw lam inhmuh fuh lohna nei zeuh zeuh mah se, thian kumhlun ti a sawi an ni a. Ram pahnihte hi hmelmaah an insiam ngai lova, an harsatnate pawh lungawi takin an chingfel thei zel a ni. East Pakistan-in 1971 a zalenna a sual laia India puihna nasa tak a dawn atang khan thianah an insiam tan a. Ram pahniha chengte hian tawng, sahkhua leh nunphungah inkung kaihna leh inzawmna thuk tak an nei. Bangladesh-in zalenna a hmuh hnu khan isumdawn tawnna kalpuiin, inkal pawhna tha tak nei turin khawmual, tui chung leh boruakah te hmalak a ni a. South Asia ram zingah Bangladesh hi India-in insumdawnna a neihpuiteah a lian ber nihna a hauh a ni. Ram pahnihte’n ngaituah ho tur an neih zinga pawimawh thenkhat, Ganga leh Teesta lui tui in sem (water sharing) leh ramri chuhchang pawh inremna mumal tak hnuaiah kalpui mek a ni bawk.
Chutiang a nih mek laia kan hmuh hmaih hauh loh tur erawhchu kum 1975-a General Ziaur Rahman-in sawrkarna a lak atang khan tuna ram pahnihte dinhmun tur hi zawi zawiin a rawn inmung chho niin a lang. Ziaur Rahman leh a party BNP sawrkar khan India duh lohna (anti-Indian sentiment) leh Islamic vulh lian zawngin mipui rilru sukthlek tir tumin hma an la a. An ram politics hmelhmang pawh thlak danglamin India aiah China leh Soudi Aribia-te inlaichinna siampuiah a thlang zawk a nih kha. Morarji Desai Prime Minister a nih lai khan Ziaur Rahman nen Farakka Treaty, Ganges lui tui insem dan tur inremna an siam a. Chu chuan sawrkar bakah ram pahinh mipuite inkarah inrintawnna thuk zawk a siam a, ram pahnih thawh dunnna pawn that lam a pan theih phah ta deuh a ni. Inlaichinna hmasawn hlei thei lo chu kum 1996 a Sheikh Hasina leh H. D. Deve Gowda in Ganga Water Treaty an sign hnu kha hma lam panin a kal ve thei ta a. I. K. Gujral sawrkar leh Sheikh Hasina sawrkarin kum 1997-a Peace Treaty on Chittagong Hill Tracts an sign leh a, an inremna a hlawhting bawk a, ram pahnihte inpekna zarah Northeast-a hel pawl hrang hrangin buaina an thlen thin pawh a rem ta duak a ni.
India leh Bangladesh inlaichinnaa hun chhinchhiahtlak ber pakat chu kum 2009 a Sheikh Hasina party kaihhruai Awami League-in hneh taka election-a chakna an changa sawrkarna an siam leh kha a ni. Sawrkar thar lo pian phat atang khan kum 1970’s chho vela ram pahinh inkar khi awm neuh neuh tawh chu siam that hna thawh nghal a ni a. Kum 2010 January thlaa Hasina, India rawn zin chuan Prime Minister Manmohan Singh nen insumdawn tawnna leh venhimna lam (security) a thawh dunna tur inremna an ziak a. Hetih lai hian ramri chungchanga inremna pawh a thuphunga sawi dunna neih niin, kum 2015 khan chinfel chhunzawm a ni. India a sawrkarna inthlak khan Bangladesh nen kan inlaichinnaah danglamna a thlen lem lo tih a hmuh theih a ni. Kum 2014 election-ah sawrkar lai Congress chu chak zo lovin BJP kaihhruai NDA 2.0 sawrkar thar a piang a nih kha. Prime Minister Narendra Modi kaihhruai NDA 2.0 chuan ‘Neighbourhood First Policy’ kalpui nghal in, Bangladesh leh India inthian thatna pawh dah pawimawh hmasak berte zingah a nei nghal a ni. Tin, kum 2014, 2018 leh 2024 a Awami League sawrkar nawn lehnaah khan lang lo lamah India puihna a tel niin mi thiamte chuan an sawi.
Bangladseh sawrkar lailawk din a nih hnu hian India nen inlaichinna tichhe thei tur zawnga thusawi hriat tur a awm zeuh zeuh a. May 2, 2025 khan Mohammad Younus chuan India-in Pakistan a kah chuan Bangladesh-in Northeast state te a run ang tiin a lo sawi zeuh tawh a. Chumi hnuah Osman Hadi khan X ah map rawn phochhuak in Northeast state-te chu Bangladesh-ah a rin lut leh a. Heng thil thleng te hian ram pahnih inkar tha lo sa tawh chu a ti kau nasa leh zual a ni. Vawi khat mah sawrkarna la kaihruai ngai lo Council of Advisor leh tawn hriat nei lo zirlai hruaitu Minister dinhmun chelhte an nih avangin sawrkar kalphung an la man thiam lo deuh niin a lang. Tun hnaia ramri khar a lo ngai ta hian ram pahnihte insumdawn tawnna a nghawng a. June 2025 atanga passenger phur motor tlan tih tawp chuan mipuite a bikin dam lohna avanga India rawn panpui ngaite tan harsatna a thlen a ni. India hian Bangladesh-in zalenna a hmuh theih nan thawh hlawk hle mah se awpbeh tumna leh thuhnuaia dah tumna a nei ngai lova. Bangladesh-in an mamawhna apiangin tanpuina leh chhawmdawlna a thawn thin a, unau zinga upa ber chan (big brother) changin a thenawm ram te zawk hi inzahtawnna nen inlaichinna a neihpui a ni. Amaherawhchu India ngaitheilotu ram thenkhat abikin Pakistan leh China hmalakna avangin Bangladesh thalaite zingah India ngaih theih lohna (anti-indian sentiment) a rawn piang ta a. India chu anmahni awp beh tum leh thuhnuaia dah tum anga ngaihdan an neih avangin sakhaw inhuatna thlengin a kang kai chho ta a ni. An ngaih dan ang kha India tum chu ni se, Bangladesh awpbeh chu India tan thil harsa a ni hauh lovang.
PAKISTAN
Bangladesh-a sawrkar lai Awami League paihthlak an nih hnu khan Younus chuan sawrkar hmasa hmalakna thenkhat thlauh thla in, an hmelhma kumhlun Pakistan Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif vawi hnih lai a inhmuhpui tawh a. Hun rei tak Pakistan laka visa khapna an kalpui tawh chu sut in, inkalpawhna tichangtlung zual turin ram pahnih inkarah thlawhna service dan tur an sawipui bawk. Kum 1971 hnua a vawikhat nan Karachi Port atanga rawn kal lawng chu Chittagong Port-ah chawlh phalsak a ni a. Hetih lai hian ram pahnihte insumdawn tawnna paw’n nasa takin hma a sawn a, tunhnaiah 27% in a thang a ni. January thla khan Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) an sign tawh bawk. Ram pahnih sipai hotute paw’n inhmuh khawmna neiin venhimna lama thawh dun dan tur leh joint military exercise neih dan turte an sawi ho a. Bangladesh chuan a ralthuam tih changtlun nan Pakistan leh China siam JF-17 Thunder fighter lei tumin hma a la mek a ni. Pakistan khan Bangladesh Liberation War a a tlawm atang khan tha thlah lovin engemaw ti zawnga neih let tumin hma a la chhunzawm reng a. Sawrkar paihthlak naa bul tumtu ber zinga tel Jamat-e-Islami hian Pakistan atangin funding an dawng a ni. Anni bakah sawrkar hnathawk zingah te, politician leh sipai officer zingah mi leh sa tam tak an phum ru a. Chung mite chuan Bangladesh sawrkar lailawk leh Pakistan inthlunzawm nan an thawh hlawk em em a ni.
HINDU vs MUSLIM THLIRNA
Pakistan laka zalenna an hmuh khan Bangladesh hnam pa nihna an pek Sheikh Mujibur Rahman kaih ruai Awami League (AL) chuan sawrkarna siamin, Bengali nationalism, secularism, socialism leh democracy-te chu inrelbawlna lungthu pawimawh a hmangin ram kaihhruai hna an \an a. A kum leh 1972 khan India leh Bangladesh chuan ‘Indo-Bangladesh Treaty of Friendship, and Peace’ an sign a ni. Kum thum chhung chu harsatna awm lovin ram pahnihte chuan inlaichinna \ha tak an kalpui a. Mahse kum 1975 January thla khan President Seikh Mujibur Rahman chuan an ram chu one-party system, party pakhat chauh awmna-ah puangin, ama kaihhruai Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (BASKAL) party chauh awm theihnaah a puang a. Ram mipui zawng zawng chu tih luihnain BASKAL membership-a inziak lut vek turin thu a chhuah bawk a ni. Paramilitary force Jaytiya Rakkhi Bahini a din a, opposition hruaitute leh sawrkar do zawnga awmte man khawmtuah a hmang a ni. Amaherawhchu, 15 August 1975-ah sawrkar dinglai duhlotu sipai hotu engemaw zat intel khawm chuan Major General Ziaur Rahman hona hnuaiah Sheikh Mujibur Rahman chu a chenna Dhanmondi 32-ah luhchilhin an kap hlum a, sawrkar dinglai pawh an paihthla nghal a ni. A rual hian a chenpui a chhungte engemaw zat kah hlum tel an ni bawk. He thil thleng hian Bangladesh politics rawn sawi danglam nghal in, ram inrelbawlna chu sipai sawrkar kutah a awm ta a. September 1, 1978 -ah Major General Ziaur Rahman kaihhruai party thar Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) a rawn piang chhuak ta a ni.
Ziaur Rehman kaihhruai sawrkar chuan Bengali nationalism aiin Bangladeshi nationalism a rawn chawi sang zawk a. An ram Constitution-a secularism indah chu ‘Bismillah-ir-Rahman-ir-Rahim’ tiin a rawn thlak a, a awmzia chu ‘engkim ti thei Allah chauha rinna nghah’ tihna a ni. Sawrkar thar chuan India aiah Saudi Arabia leh China nen inlaichinna siam tumin hma a la bawk a ni. Ram dan pui constitution thlak danglam chhunzawmin right-wing conservative party \henkhat sawrkar hmasain dan pawn a alo hnawl tawhte chu rawn seng lut lehin, chung zinga tel ve Jamaat-e-Islami party rawn intuai thar leh nan hun remchang a rawn siamsak ta a ni. Hetianga hma a lak chhan chu an ram inrelbawlna dan pui Constitution Islam sakhua inkaihhruaina nen thlunzawm a, Islamic ram din a tum a ni. Middle-east a Islamic ramte nen inlaichinna siam turin theih tawpin hma a lak chhunzawm bawk a ni. BNP leh JI chu thawk dunin Islamic zirtirna chu zirna inah te, media leh khawtlang inrelbawlnaah a tam thei ang ber dah turin hma an lak chhunzawm ta a ni.
Sakhaw pakhat vulh len lutuk chuan nghawng \ha lo a nei chho ta a. Bangladesh chu Muslim firfiak pawl hrang hrangin relh ruk nan leh sahimna zawn nan an hmang a. An ram chhung hmun hrang hrangah firfiaka chetna a thleng chho ta malh malh mai a ni. Chung zinga langsar ber pakhat chu kum 2005-a Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen-Bangladesh (JMB) ten hmun 300 a bomb 500 chuang an tih puah kha a ni. Mipui pawisawi lo tam takin nunna an chan phah a, tam takin hliam an tur bawk. Hetiang thil thleng duhawm lo tak mai hian sawrkarin sakhaw vulh bik a neih a \hat lohzia a ti lang a. Ram inrelbawlna danpui Constitution-ah secularism a awm an mamawhzia an hriat chian leh zual phah a ni. Kum 2009-a Sheikh Hasina kaihhruai Awami League an rawn sawkar leh a\ang khan sakhaw intluk tlanna (secularism) chuan ram dan puiah hmun pawimawh a rawn luah thei leh ta a. Sawrkar chuan theih tawp chhuahin firfiaka chetna um bo turin hma a la nghal bawk a ni.
Sawrkar hmalakna chuan rah duhawm a chhuah a, rei lo te chhungin ram a lo ralmuang leh ta a ni. Chu chuan ram dangte nen insumdawn tawnna pawh siam \ha leh in, ram economy hmuh theih khawpin a \hang a ni. Awami League chuan hneh zawkin Bangladesh politics a thunun zui zel a, kum 2014, 2018, leh 2023 election-ah hneh takin chakna an chang chhunzawm ta a ni. Hetia ramin hma a sawn mek lai hian mi tam tak chuan Hasina kaihhruai sawrkarin thuneihna an vaivung lutuk \ha an tih loh thu an au chhuahpui ve bawk a. Sawrkar dik lohna sawi chhuak \hin journalist leh opposition leader-te chu man an ni a, an chungthu ngaihtuah lovin rei tak tak jail-ah tan tir te pawh an awm a ni. Opposition party BNP hruaitute tam tak, Khaleda Zia telin, eirukna thubuai siam sak an ni a, jail-ah dah bo an ni. Firfiaka chetnaa an inhnamhnawih avang leh Bangladesh-in zalenna a sual laia Pakistan an puih avangin JI hruaitute chu man an ni bawk a, an zinga panga chu khai hlum an ni. Mi tam tak chuan sawrkar chet dan chu mimal dikna (human rights violation) rah behnaah an ngai a. An ramah democracy palzutna awm nia an hriat vangin sawrkar rin zawh lohna mipui zingah a pung nasa a. Sawrkar laka an thinurna chu hun engemaw kalta a\ang khan eng lai pawha puak keh theiin a inmung reng tawh a ni. Chutih mek laiin anmahni khing thei tur awm zawng zawng jail an tantir takah chuan Bangladeshah opposition party tihtur mumal an awm ta lova, an ram chu party pakhat lalna, Awami League chauh awmna ramah an siam ta a ni. |halai hna nei lo an pun thur thur lai a freedom fighter tu leh fate tana quota siam an rawtna chuan \halaite kawtthlerah a ko chhuak a. Sawrkar chuan zirlai lungawi lote chu ram phatsantua puhin sipai nena hmachhawn a, pawisawi lo tam takin nunna an chan phah a ni. Chu chuan \halai tam zawk thinurna a chawk chhuak a, tharum thawhna nasa tak nen sawrkar paihthlakna a thleng ta a ni.
Tunhnaia Bangladesh sawrkar inthlak ta thut leh an ram politics buai ta lutuk hian ram pahnihte inlaichinna nasa takin a \ha lo zawngin a nghawng ta zel a. India ram chauh ni lo South Asia khawmualpui ram hrang hranga chengte himna leh muanna pawh a ti derthawng pha a ni. Bangladesh zirlai hruaitu pawimawh Sharif Osman Hadi, Inqilab Mancha (Revolutionary Platform) thupuangtu tu tih hriat loh ten an kahhlumnaah India inhnamhnawih anga thu a than hnu phei chuan sawrkar mai ni lo, mipuite zingah inhalna a chawk chhuak a. Hadi thattu chu Awami League party member, Sheikh Hasina hnaivai tak niin India-ah a biru mek niin an ngai a ni. He inrinhlelhnain a hrinchhuah duhawm lo tak chu Dhaka-a mipui lungawi lo pungkhawm chuan Hindu temple eng emaw zat suasam in, Chandra Das, Hindu sahkhaw zuitu chu sawisain an hal a, a nunna a chan phah hial a ni. Chu chuan India-a Hindu sahkhaw zuitute rilru tinain kha thil thleng kha an duh lohzia lantir nan kawng an zawh a, India sawrkar Hindu-te thlavang hauha hma la turin an phut a nih kha. Chiang taka kan hmun theih chu sakhuana rawng kai zawnga ram pahnih inkar boruak rawn sosang ta hluai hi tun hnai thleng vang ni lovin kum tam tak a\anga lo inmung chho tawh a ni a. Rei tak lo in-up reng tawh chu tun boruak remchangah lain a rawn puak darh ta a ni ber. Kan hriat tur pawimawh chu hetianga sakhua anga inbeihna boruak hi mipuite rilruah a awm sa lova, rawn tantute chu mi tlemte anmahni political agenda tih hlawhtlin nana hmanruaa hman duh vanga rawn vawrh darh an awm vang a ni.
BANGLADSEH BUAINA LEH NORTHEAST
India Northeast state \henkhat Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura leh Mizoram te chuan Bangladesh nen ramri kilometer 1800 a zau an nei a. Mizoram-in Bangladesh nen ramri kan neih chu 318 kilometer a ni. Hel pawl engemaw zatin heng ramri dep, Bangladseh ram chhung chinah awmhmun an khuar \hin avangin Northeast state \henkhat chuan harsatna an tawh phah nasa em em \hin a. Mahse tunhnai kum engemaw zat, a bikin Shaikh Hasina Prime Minister a nih chhung khan ram pahnihte chuan firfiaka chetna um bo turin hmalakna chi hrang hrang an kalpui a. Bangladesh-in India sawrkar laka helte an ramchhunga awm a phal tawh loh chinah phei chuan Northeast a ralmuan phah sawt a ni. India ram Northeast state \henkhatte’n Bangladesh nen ramri kan in\awm avangin tun hma a\anga dan lova rawn lut ru (illegal immigrant) te vangin harsatna kan lo tawk tawh a. Tun buaina pawh hian ziaawm lam a pan vat lo a nih chuan raltlan leh buaina tlansana India rawn luh tum an awm leh ngei dawn a ni. Tun hma chuan Rohingya ho kan buaipui a, tun \um Bangladesh buainaah chuan Hindu sakhaw vuantute hi rawn tlan chhe awm ber niin an lang a. India sawrkarin an thlavang a hauhpui nasa tawh bawk si nen, Rohiangya ho ang ngawt a lo dawnsawn chu a theih tawh loh mai theih a. Chuvangin ramria kan duty post lamah pawh ruahmanna mumal tak nei chunga inring renga kan awm a ngai a ni.
INDIA-IN ENG NGE A TIH SUAL
Tunhma lam a\ang tawhin mipui zingah India chu Bangladesh awp beta sawrkar thunun tuma ngaitu an awm a. Sheikh Haisna sahimna a pek avangin mi tam tak chuan Bangladesh buainaah India a inrawlhah an ngaih phah a ni. |halaite zingah India duh lohna leh huatna ti lang zawnga chet leh thusawi a tam phah em em bawk a. Sheikh Hasina a lo hum avangin India chu Bangladesh-a democracy rorelna awm duh loah puh a ni bawk a. Osman Hadi, zirlai hruaitu silaia kah hlum a nih hnu phei chuan India sawrkar rinhlelhna a nasa leh zual em em a ni.
Tun Bangladesh buaina kaihhnawih a\anga India sawrkar hruaitute’n an ngaituah kim loh deuh nia lang chu party pakhat chauh (Awami League) nen inlaichinna siama party dang a lo ngaihthah deuh kha niin a lang. Tunlai khawvelah ram tinte kawng hrang hrangah kan inmamawh tawn vek a. Ram dang nena kan thawh hona chu kan dam khawchhuahna tur a ni. Chuti a nih laia ram dang nen kan inlaichinna zawng zawng party pakhata bur bun vek mai chu thil hlauhawm a nihzia tuna buaina hian a tichiang awm e. Awami Leagur sawrkar paihthlak a nih chiah khan India tan chuan Bangladesh nen kan in\hian \hatna zawng zawng vawi leh khatah nawh reh ang maiin a zo deuh der a ni ber a. Bul \an \ha leh tur chuan a zung chawpa chhui let leh ngai dinhmunah kan awm mek a ni. Chuvangin kan ram hruaitute paw’n tun kan boruak tawn mek hi inzir nan hmang sela, ram dang nena kan inlaichinna hi political party anga kalpui lovin kan inmamawh tawnna leh kan damkhawchhuah nana kan inpuih theihna darthlalang a\anga an thlir thiam a pawimawh a ni.
India hruaitute khan Bangladesh mipui lungawi lohna aw rawl kha an hai der rei mah mah niin a lang. Bangladesh sawrkarin mipui thinurna an beng dai leh vat thei turah an ngai pawh a ni mahna. Amaherawhchu, mipui thinur kawtthlera an punkhawm meuh chuan India tan tih theih a awm tawh lova, buaina khap daih lam aiin a in venna lam a buaipui a ngai ta zawk a ni. India chuan kum 1971-a Bangladesh a chhanchhuah kha ram pahnihte inlaichinna siamtu pawimawh takah a la ngai reng a, chutih mek lai erawh chuan \hang\har tam tak, zalenna sual lai hmu phak lo zingah India chu an sawrkar thunun tumtua ngai an pung zel a. Lang chiang ta em em chu, kum 1970’s chhoa an sawrkar policy avangin Bangladesh mipuite politics thlir dan a inthlak danglam chho zel a, ram hmangaihna (nationalism) hawi zawnga kal kha sakhuana nena kaih kawp politics (fundamentalism)chuan a rawn thlak tial tial a. Tunah rawn lang chhuakin Hindu leh Muslim sakhua indona ang lek lekin he buaina hi a kal phah ta a ni. A pawi ta ber leh India tana ngaituahna sen ngai ta ber chu, politics buaina rah chhuah chuan Bangladesh chu a hma zawnga an \hian ni ngai reng reng lote tan pawh lam\anga siam theihna hun remchang a hawnsak ta a. Chung zingah chuan India hmelma hlun Pakistan leh China pawh an tel a ni. Tun hma zawnga India-in a sangawi zawnpui \hin kha, tunah chuan an inzawmna tam zawk chhut chah niin an inhmelmak lek lek tawh a ni ti ila kan sawi sual awm lo ve.
INDIA TAN BEISEINA A LA AWM
India tan Bangladesh nen kan buainate a rang lama chingfel tura hmalak a pawimawh a. A chhan chu kan \henawm ramte kan tan an \angkai em em a, insumdawn tawnna hmanga kan sum lak luhna hnar pawimawh berte an ni a. Chumi piah lamah kan ram a lo ralmuan zawk nana venhimna (security) lama kan thawhpui pawimawh an ni bawk. Ram pahnihte inkar khi zau tawh viauin lang mah se India tan beiseina kawng inhawng remchang pakhat a awm mek a, BNP Chairman ni lai mek Tarique Rahman, Bangladesh-a a rawn let hi a ni. India chuan Awami League sawrkar se a duh ber ang, mahse tun dinhmunah erawh chu chu thil thleng thei a ni dawn si lo a. Bangladesh-in nakum February thlaa inthlan an neih hun tura election chuh thei party langsar zualte chu BNP, Jamaat-e-Islami leh \halai intelkhawm party din National Citizen Party (NCP) te an ni. An zingah India tana thlanawm ber chu BNP a ni. A chhan chu Jamaat-e-Islami hi Pakistan ISI leh Islamist firfiak (terrorist) zawmpui an ni a, tin NCP hi India duh loh pe na em emtu an ni bawk. Chu chu India paw’n a hmuh hmaih bik lova, BNP hruaitute nen thawh ho dan an ngaihtuah mek a. December thla tir khan Prime Minister Modi chuan damlohnain rei tak a tlakbuak tawh Khaleda Zia chu India rama inenkawl a duh phawt chuan theih tawpa lo buaipui a inhuam thu a hrilh a. India inhuamna chuan BNP hruaitute rilru pawh a hneh em em a ni. Chutih mek laiin India tana thu lawmawm dang chu Tarique Rahman hi Mohammad Younus sawrkar vawi tam lo sawisel tawhtu a ni a, Jamaat-e-Islamia party nen pawh sawrkar an kaihhruai duh dan a in persan em avangin thawh ho pui a duh loh thu a sawi tawh bawk a ni. Tin, Bangladesh election lo awm tura party candidate nei thei zingah BNP chu sawkarna siam thei tura rinkai ber an ni mek a. Chuvangin ram pahnihte inkar hi February inthlan result-in thui tak a hril dawn a ni.

TLANGKAWMNA
A tlangkawm nan chuan ram pahnihte hian hun khirh tak hmachhawn rih mah se, an harsatna chin fel dan tur an zawn a, \ha taka thawh ho dan tur an zawn a ngai a ni. Chu chu Mohammad Younus paw’n a hre chiang a, BBC Bangla-in an interview-naah India chu hun rei tawh tak ata \hian \ha a nih thu leh tunah pawh Bangladesh tan a \hian \ha tak a la nih thu a sawi a. Tuna ram pahnihte harsatna hmachawn mek sukiang tur chuan ram hruaitute’n an thusawite a taka an bawhzui a ngai a ni. Tun dinhmunah Bangladesh chuan khawi ram pawh \hianah a siam thei a, ram zalen (sovereign nation) a ni tlat a. Amaherawhchu Pakistan leh China emaw ram dang avanga India a thlauhthla dawn a nih chuan ngun taka a ngaituah hmasak a ngai ngei ang. A chhan chu, heng ram dangte hian India hmun ruak an luah zawh a rinawm loh a ni. India puihna avanga kum 1971-a zalenna hmu a ni tih chu khawvelin an hre reng tawh ang. Chu aia pawimawh erawh ram pahnihte’n tun kum 54 kalta chhunga insumdawn tawnna, hmasawnna, venhimna lam leh mihring damkhawchhuah nana pawimawh kawng hrang hranga thawh hona an lo neih tawhte chu a aia duhthlan tur \ha tawk tak a awm a nih loh chuan tawpsan chi a ni hauh lovang le. Chu chu ram pahnih sawrkar hruaitute paw’n an hmuh hmaih hauhin a rinawm loh a. Amaherawchchu, foreign policy hi thil danglam reng, pangngai reng thei bik lo a ni a. Ramin a mamawh dan azirin tihdanglam a, siam \hat a, thlak thleng a ni \hin. Chuvangin India leh Bangladesh in\hian\hatna pawh hian chhiat lam a pan reng bik lo ang a, kan ram hruaitute’n a fuh tawk lo lai siam remin thawh hona \ha tak a awm leh thei ngei ang.