Dr Lalmalsawma Nghaka
Kulikawn
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Tunlai chu sawhthing ‘tâm’ hian rampum titi a luah a. Mi tam tak innghahchhan leh tlumte thlira kan thlir a nih avangin kan sawhthingte hi a tâm kan phal lo. Phak ang tawkin a enkawlna lam ka buaipui ve zel a, rilru hi a chawl thei meuh lo.
Huan neih hi ka tuipui ve bakah a hminga politics lama inhmang ka ni ve a, lo neitute harsatna hriatpui ka duh avang ni fawmin thlai hrang hrang ka ching ve thin a, kumin ah pawh kum dang ang bawk in, kan huanah hian sawhthing pawh 10 quintal lai an ling ve a ni.
A tâm enkawlna lam leh a invenna lam kan sawi hmain Mizoten sawhthing kan chin dan leh a kaihhnawih tlem sawi phawt ila. Sawhthing chi hi duhzawng thlang lovin kan hmuh hmuh kan ching mai zel a. Ram changkang zawkten a chi tha an buaipui dan leh a chinna hmunhma an sawngbawl dan ang hi kan la hlat deuh.
Tunhma atanga kan tih dan (traditional farming) angin lo kan vat a, kan hal a, kangvarah thlai kan ching a. Ram a chan that leh chan that lohin kori a tu viau a. A hmun pawh kan cho dur lem lo a, raw hmun hi a dur thin avangin thlai bul nei chi sawhthing te leh bal ten a ngeih kan ti leh mai a. Mi thiamte sawi anga leitha nena enkawl hi a har em em a, kan tlin mang lo hlawm a ni.
Mizoramah hian sawhthing variety 25-30 vel awm angin mithiamten an sawi a. Mahse, variety 3 – thingpui, thinglaidum leh thingria te hi kan hriat tlanglawn a ni a. “Thingpui” hi a lian ber a, kutphah tiat a ni thei a, “Thinglaidum” hi a te zawk a, a rim a na-in, a thak ber thung a, “Thingria” hi a te ber a.
Kuminah hian India ramah sawhthing rate a tha viau mai a. A chhan nia lang chu India rama sawhthing rawn hralh nasa ber ram pahnih, China leh Nigeria te hian nikumah khan sawhthing an ti tâm vak nia hriat a ni. Nigeria-ah chuan sawhthing an chin atanga 70% vel chu fungal damage (tâm hriin a man) a ni tih January 6, 2024 khan thuchhuah an nei a. China hi chiang taka hriat a har deuh thung, sawhthing tâmin a beih avang leh tui lian leh ruahsur nasa avangin sawhthing chinna hmun tam tak a tibuai niin an sawi. Sawhthing thar chhuah a tlem avangin India ramah a man a to nia ngaih a ni a. Heng ram pahnihte hian kuminah chuan enkawlna mumal tak nen an ching leh tih kan hria a. Tin, India ramah pawh Western Ghats leh Eastern Ghats lamah an ching nasa tih hriat a ni a, North East lamah pawh kan ching nual niin a lang a. Hetia sawhthing chin kan uar nachhan hi kumina a rate a that vang a nih theihna lai a awm a. Mizoramah chuan sorkar program avangin sawhthing ching kan pung thung a ni.
Sikkim pawhin nasa takin an ching a, anni hi chuan organic farming an kalpui a, organic farming hi itawm viau mah se, kan work culture leh sorkar program hian ala tlin lo deuh a, kan tlin ve hunah chuan organic farming hi kan tih makmawh a ni.
Nakuma India rama sawhthing market tur hi kumin December thla atang hian a hriat ruau dawn a. Sawhthing thar chhuah hi a tam hmel riau avangin a rate a hniam thei a, a rate a that hlauh chuan kan vannei hle ang.
Mi tam takin tlumte thlira kan thlir a nih avangin a enkawlna lam hi inzirtirna kan inpek a ngai a, nasa taka sawifiah lovin, a pawimawh zual, hriat tham lek sawi tum ila a tha awm e.
1) A tâm enkawlna lam:
Sawhthing tâm kan tih hi soft rot, bacteria wilt leh shoot /rhizome borer te a ni ber a. Mi thiamten a enkawlna damdawi min chawh kan hman piah lamah tih tur tam tak kan nei a, chungte chu sawi pawr pawr ta ila.
Sawhthing hmun kan sawngbawl dan leh kan enkawl danin a zir loh avangin heng tâm hrite hi a nasa thin niin mi thiamten an sawi.
Hmun awih leh tlang pangperah kan ching tlangpui a, lei chunglang hang tha a luang ral nasa a, sawhthing hian lei hang ph range 5.5-6.5 (Indian Council of Agriculture Research) a mamawh laiin Mizoram leilung hi Mizoram Agriculture Department zirchiang danin ph range 4.5-5.5 a ni a, chu vangin leilungin a mamawh pek belh a ngai a, chinai leh leitha pek belh a ngai thin a ni. Mi tam tak tan chinai leh leitha pek tlin a harsa leh dawn a. Mi te ber pawhina kan tlin tur chu kan sawhthingin a ngeih loh theih lohin vut (ashes) phul thin mai a pawi lo a ni. (“Soil Science” by Michael J. Singer and N. Munns)
2) Sawhthing hi thlai dang nena chin pawlh chi thlai a ni.
Sawhthing hi hmun daihlima chin chi a ni a, thlai dang nena chin pawlh tur a ni. Chin pawlh (intercropping) hi tih makmawh a ni a, a hlawk zawkna tam tak a awm bawk. Sawhthing eichhetu rannung a dangchat (control) a, lei a that phah a, natna hrik taidarh zel tur a veng thei a ni.
August thla kan chuangkai a, sawhthing hmunah thlai dang ching pawlh turin thlai chi thlak hun a ni lo a, chuvangin August thla pawha chin pawi lo thei ber tur chu ‘bean’ chauh hi a ni rih. Chutichuan, kan sawhthing karah khan ‘bean’ chin mai tur a ni. Bean hian leitha min pe dawn a, a rah lawh hun pawh sawhthing nen a insubuai lo a ni. (Kei pawhin Lengpui lama ka huanah dragon fruit karah be lam chi tho, behlawi ka ching a, chhunzawm tlak hlein ka hria.)
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2015-in a sawi danin, bean leh sawhthing chin pawlh hian sawhthing tâm (soft rot) tur a veng a, leitha min pe bawk a ni.
Hetianga uluk taka kan sawhthing te kan enkawl chuan kan tih tâm tur 40% vel kan chhanchhuak theiin a rinawm.
(Kut hnathawktute tan tangkaina kan la neih ve theih takin tiin, tlai khawhnu-ah Agriculture Marketing-ah bik Executive Masters in Business Administration ka zir leh nghe nghe a ni!)