Prof. Vanlalchhawna
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Cyclone Remal hi tropical cyclone hlauhawm tak pakhat a ni. Tropical cyclone hian khawvel hmun hrang hrangah hming chi hrang a nei nual mai; chungte chu ‘hurricane’ tih te, ‘typhoon’ tih te, leh ‘tornado’ tih te a ni. Lirnghing tih lovah chuan tropical cyclone hi khuarel chhiatna thlen thei zinga hlauhawm bera ngaih a ni. Tropical cyclone tleh chhung rei zawng (life cycle) hi ni khat (darkar 24) chauh emaw, thla khat emaw lai pawh a ni thei. Mi thiamte chuan sik leh sa kalphung inthlak danglam mek (climate change) avangin tropical cyclone a tam tial tial a; a nghawng (destructive power) pawh a na tawlh tawlh niin an hria. Tropical cyclone hi km 200 atanga 500 chhungah a tleh ber; km 1000 lai a zau pawh a huam thei. A tleh theihna ram a tam sawt hle; a let hnih laiin a pung tawh a ni.
Cyclone hi Grik tawng ‘Cyclo’ atanga lak a ni, rul inkual ang sawina a ni. Bay of Bengal leh Arabian Sea chunga cyclone chi ho hi rul inkual angin a insiam thin. Cyclone tih hi English lawngpu pakhat Henry Peddington (1797-1858) phuah a ni. Cyclone hi Tropical leh Temperate cyclone-ah te then a ni. Tropic of cancer leh capricorn huam chhunga tleh thin hi ‘tropical cyclone’ an ni. Tropical cyclone hi tuifinriat lumna leh boruak lum avanga insiam, thlipui chak taka lo chang ta hi a ni. Ruahtui tam tak a keng tel thin. Tunhnai hian tropical cyclone hlauhawm tak tak (category-5) a awm nual mai. A langsar zual te chu Hurricane Katrina (2005) te, Typhoon Haiyan (2013) te, Hurricane Irma leh Maria (2017) leh Cyclone Harold (2020) te an ni.
Cyclone Remal insiam dan
‘Remal’ tih hi Arabic tawng a ni; ‘tiau vaivut’ (sand) tihna a ni. Oman sawrkar hming koh a ni. WMO kaihhruaina hnuaiah Cyclone hming phuah dan hi mumal takin kalpui a ni. Cyclone te hi kum tin hming thar an pe thin. Cycle kalhmang hriat nan leh mipui zirtir nana tangkai tur zawnga phuah a ni hlawm. Cyclone hi India ram chhungah vawi hnih (bi-annual) in a thawk thin-a hmasa zawk hi March-May leh a hnuhnung zawk hi October-December inkarah a tleh thung. Arabian Sea leh Bay of Bengal atanga insiam an ni. Climate scientist te sawi danin ‘Bay of Bengal tuipuiah hian Arabian Sea aiin cyclone hi a let li-in a tleh tam zawk, a hlauhawm zawk bawk’ an ti.
Cyclone Remal hi May 25-28, 2024 chhunga tleh, Bangladesh, West Bengal leh India hmar chhak state hrang hranga chhiatna namenlo thlentu a ni. Cyclone Remal hi Bay of Bengal tuipui hmar lam chungah boruak rihna tlahniam inmung atanga rawn insiam a ni. May 22, 2024 khan Indian Meterological Department (IMD) chuan Bay of Bengal (BoB)-ah boruak tla hniam (low pressure area), cyclone insiam mai thei a awm tih an hria a; hei hi BoB chhimthlang pana a kal zel chuan cyclone-ah a chang thei tih an puang a.
Hetih lai hian Indian Ocean tuipui chunglang lumna pawh a sang hle. ‘Cyclonic storm’ insiam theihna ‘chance’ pawh a sang. Cyclone Remal insiamin, Bangladesh, West Bengal leh India hmar chhak state thenkhatte a hrut kual ta a ni. Kumin a cyclone tleh hmasa ber a ni.
Bay of Bengal hi khawvela litengsawl lian ber a ni; sq km nuai 26 a zau a ni. Tropical cyclone tleh tamna ber hmun a ni bawk. Kum zahnih liam ta chhunga khawvela cyclone hlauhawm ber ber 30 zinga 22 chu Bay of Bengal tuipui atanga insiam a ni. Bay of Bengal tuipui hi khawmual leh khawmual inkarah tui thunna dawt (funnel) angin a inkhawh lut a; khawmual hnaih lam, hmar lam tuifinriat hi a thuk loh bakah, khawmual kil thumin a hual vel a ni. Tuipuia luang lut lui te nau a awm nual bawk. Tuifinriat kam khawmual te hi tuifinriat atangin metre 4/5 vel emaw chauhvin an sang bawk. Tuifinriat kam hnaia hmasawnna hma thar lakna te hian cyclone a tichak zual niin an hre bawk.
Tunhnai hian Bay of Bengal leh Arabian Sea-ah cyclone a tleh tam hle. Chungte chu Cylone Mocha (2023) te, Cyclone Asani (May 2022) te, Cyclone Tauktae (May 2021) te, Cyclone Yaasa (May 2021) te, Cyclone Nisarga (June 2020,) te, Super Cyclone Amphan (May 2020) leh Cyclone Fani (May 2019) te an ni.
Chhiatna a thlen dan
May 26 tlai lam atangin Cyclone hian Bangladesh leh West Bengal a thleng a; Bangladesh-ah hian mihring thi an awm nual a, sang tam tak chenna a tihchhiat sak bakah khawpui chhungah tui a lian bawk. Bangladesh-ah Cyclone Remal hi a tleh rei khawp mai; darkar 36 chuang a tleh a ni. Kum 2009 khan Cyclone Aila khan darkar 34 lai a lo chamchilh tawh bawk. West Bengal tuipui kam velah chuan darkar khata km 135 a chakin a tleh a; thingkung 2140 a bul chawpin a phawng a, kawlphetha ban 337 a titlu bawk.
Mizoramah Cyclone hlauhthawnna (warning) hi kan dawng ve fo va; khaw thenkhatah chhiatna a thleng ve chang a awm thin. Cyclone Remal anga thawkna hi kan la tawng ngai awm love. Cyclone avang hian May 27 tlai lam atangin May 28 zing thleng ruah a sur a. Ruahtui tlak tam zawng hi 205 mm (8.07 inches) a ni. Hmun tam takah lei a min a, chenna in te la-in, a chhilh bawk; nunna chan pawh kan awm nual. Tlawng lui lianin PHE tui pump a len chhia a; PHE hotute pawh an mangang hle. Electric line tam tak a chhe bawk. Leimin avangin kawngpui a ping nual; nunphung a tikhaih lak bawk. In leh lo chhia a awm nual, thlai leh eizawnna a tihchhiat hlut zawng (economic loss) hi engzat nge tih a la hriat theih loh. Hengte hi chhut chhuah a, zangnadawmna pek ngei tur an ni ang.
Climate change vang a ni
Kum 1850 hnu lama thilsiamna lama harhna (industrial revolution) hian boruak chhia a titam hle mai a. Hei hian boruak lumna a siam belh a; hetiang hi ‘greenhouse effect’ tih a ni. Hmasawnna avanga boruak lum zel hi ‘climate change’ tih a ni. Mi thiam te chuan kum 1850 vel nen khaikhinin khawvel hi degree Celsius 1.2-in a lum belh tawh niin an chhut. Khawvel lumna chawhrual hi degree Celsius 1.5 aia a san chuan mihringte tan chhiatna namen lo a thleng thei dawn a ni
Climate change hian mihringte nunphung a tibuai nasa em em tawh a. Boruak lum lutuk (heatwave) te, khaw vawt lutuk (cold wave) te, ruahsur nasa (heavy rainfall) leh tuilian (flooding) te a tam phah a. Natna chi hrang hrang a pun phah bakah buh leh bal chin dan thlengin a nghawng. Climate change nghawng na lutuk tur tihnep dan zawn leh inher rem dan (mitigation & adaptation strategy) ngaihtuah hi khawvel agenda lian ber a ni ta.
Bangaldesh a cyclone tleh thin hi tunhma lam chuan kum khatah vawi khat emaw chauh tleh thin a; tunah chuan vawi hnih/vawi thum laite a tleh ta fo mai. Climate scientist-te chuan khawvel lum zel hian khawmual bakah tuifianriat chunglang pawh a tilum zual hle-in an hria a. Indian Ocean pawh hi a lum chak hlein an hria. Tuifianriat chunglang lum zawng hi, a tlangpuiin Celsius degree 26 atanga 30 vel a ni a. Tunhnai hian Bay of Bengal tuipui chunglang (sea surface temperature) lum zawng hi centigrade degree 30-32 inkar a ni; hmun thenkhatah phei chuan centigrade degree 32 chuangte pawh a tling hial a ni. Hei hian cyclone chak tak leh tuihu leh hnawng tam tak a siam a ni.
Indian Ocean vela Cyclone tleh dan hi kum 1000 chhung chanchin chu chhinchhiah a ni a. Cyclone chungchang zirtute chuan ‘kum 1890 hnu lama sik leh sa danglam chhan hi mihringte hmasawnna vang ni a, hei hian cyclone hlauhawm tak tak a siam phah’ an ti. Cyclone hi a tleh na tial tial a; a daih rei bawk, ruahtui a pai tam zawk bawk. Scientist te chuan ‘South Asia a cyclone tam chhan hi khawmual leh tuifinriat chunglang lum zual zel vang a ni’ an ti.
Cylone Remal thlen tirtu tuifinriat chung sa lutuk ang hi a awm fo dawn a ngaih a ni. Tum khat ruah bawhawk sur ang chi te, thlipui na taka tleh thin leh khaw lum nasa tak ang chi te hi India leh a chheh vel ramah te hian a awm ve thin dawn niin an hria. Ram hran hrang huapa boruak khu chhia khuakhirh zel (emission control) bakah mahni tualchhung mila invenna siam thiam (local adaptation) a pawimawh ta a ni.
Mizoram-in Climate Change a hmachhawn
Mizorama mi thiamte chuan ‘Mizoram sik leh sa kalhmang pawh a danglam ve mek’ an ti. Kum 1986-2017 inkar hian kumtin ruahsur hi mm 5.22-in a tla hniam a; khaw lum dan hi chawhrualin kumtin Celsius degree 0.04 in a san belh bawk. Ruahtui tlak dan hian hunbi mumal pawh a nei thei tawh lo niin an hria. Hei hi tlangram loneitute tan a buaithlak hle. Khaw lum zel avangin sikserh te, rannung seh natna leh dengue te a pun phah bawk.
Thlai thenkhat chin theihna hmun te a inthlak mek bawk. Khawtlang lama serthlum tha duh em em te a tam thi a; serthlum that duhna hmun nia hriat ngai loh khawchhak lam North Vanlaiphai leh Biate-ah te serthlum a tha chho em em thung; kuhva pawh hmun sang lamah a tha duh ve tan ta bawk. Khaw lum tuar thei thlai ‘dragon fruit’ pawh a chin theih ve ta niin a lang. Khaw lum zel avangin Muga silkworm te Mizoramah a tha duh ta ni-in a hriat (MISTIC, 2020).
Sik leh sa inthlak danglam mek avanga khuarel chhiatna, Cyclone thlipui leh ruahsur tam thut ang chi te kan tawk ve fo dawn niin a lang a. Heng avanga chhiatna lo thleng theite hi a inven theih a, a insiamrem theih tih kan hriat a pawimawh hle. Abik takin leimin hi a hlauhawm ber niin a lang. In leh lo sak danah te, tuichhe paihna thu-ah te khawtlang hruaitute leh mi thiamte thu ngaihchan a pawimawh khawp ang. Hlauhawm lo thleng tur inhriattir lawkna (warning system) pawh mumal zawka kalpui a hun ta niin a lang. Tlawmngai pawl (civil society) te huaisenna, fin leh varna, leh an tan lakna pawh a pawimawh ang. Climate change avanga khuarel chhiatna laka kan him theih nan ngaihtuahna thar i hmang ang u.