Zoliansanga Tlau
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James Dokhuma (June 15, 1932 – March 10, 2007) kha kum 1966-a Pu Laldenga leh a hote’n Independence an puan khan Independence thupuan sign-tu 64 zingah a tel ve a. March 14, 1968 khan Serlui chhuahah India sipaiin lo lambunin hliam na tak a tuar a. Bawihsawmtu pawh nei lovin leicharah zan hnih leh ni khat a mu a, chu-achhapah Jail-ah tantir a la ni lehnghal a. A hliam enkawl lohva a awm rei avangin a lung hial a ni awm e. Nowgong Special Jail-ah leh Gauhati District Jail-ah kum thum a tang a. Lord Byron-a’n “Eternal Spirit is chainless mind” a lo tih angin a thinlung chu “Jail kawngkhar chuan a khar khum ve si lo” (Tawng Un Hrilhfiahna, Fourth Edition – 2013, p.7) avangin tan in-a a awm lai hian thawnthu pathum phuahin a ziak a, chungte chu : Rinawmin, Khawhar In leh Thla Hleinga Zan te an ni a; vanneihthlak takin June 21, 1971 khan tan in atanga chhuah zalen a lo ni ta a ni. Ama’n ‘Thla Hleinga Zan’ lehkhabu thuhmahruaiah “Thla Hleinga Zan chawia ka thawnthu ziak hi Nowgong Special Jail-a ka tan tan tirh lama a bul ka tan a ni a. Kum 1969, May thla niin ka hria. Thawnthu ziak ngai reng reng lovin ka vawi khat ziak vena a nih avangin mi thil hre zau leh chinchang hre zawk tan chuan belh chian a dawl loh turzia chu hre phak ve siin, a aia tha thiam ang lawi si lovin, ka han ziak ve chawr a.
Mahse ka ziak zawh hma-in Gauhati District ziak Jail lama min thawn leh rih tak avang leh kum khat dawn lai Jail Office-ah min hren sak avangin ka chhunzawm thei ta lo a. Office atanga ka lak chhuah leh theih hma chuan thawnthu dang ‘Rinawmin’ tih leh ‘Khawhar In’ tih chu ka ziaksan leh rih a. Nakinah zawng Jail atanga ka lak chhuah theih tak avangin hun leh ni te chuan min rengdim thiam a, ka tharthawh leh thei ta a. Mite lo ngaiha a chhiat a that tur pawh dawn chang lovin mahni mawl ang angin ka han khual chau chem thliah chawt mai a ni,” tiin a thawnthu pahnih leh Thla Hleinga Zan lo pian chhuah dan a ziak. (Thla Hleinga Zan, 3rd Edition – 1998, p. 1). ‘Thla Hleinga Zan’ hi hun eng nge maw ti chhung College zirlai atan hman a ni nghe nghe a ni.
‘Thla Hleinga Zan’ lehkhabu hi Peter Lianhleia’n (1945 – 1997) ‘Thu leh Hla’ chanchinbu 1978, March thla chhuakah a review a – “A tawp berah chuan James Dokhuma hian kaihhruaina a ngai rih tih a lang a. |awngkam leh thumal hrang tam tak a hman te, kan Mizo nun, pi leh pu hmasang ti ti leh thawnthu a hriatte hi tangkai taka hman dan chu a awm ngei ang. Zirna nei sang vak lo thawnthu ziak hmasak berah chuan iaiawm tak chu a ni lo va, mahse, College-a Mizo tawng leh literature zirna sang ber B.A. zir atan em chuan a iaiawm lo thei lo, a thlak thuai tur a aia tha neih thuai a duhawm deuh a ni” tiin. Hei hi Lazuia Colney chuan a lo hmuhin James Dokhuma thlavang hauh pahin hetiang hian ‘Thu leh Hla’ chanchinbu, 1998, April chhuakah a ziak a “…Pu Lianhleia’n a sawi hi awm ka ti ve nual a. Mahse, College zir atan hian iaiawm se, iaiawm lo chu khawiah nge? Pu Lianhleia hian a book review hi rawn bei tha leh sela ka duh ngawt mai” a ti a. Mahse, ani Peter Lianhleia chuan “ka review kha ka review zo tawh” a ti mai a ni awm e. James Dokhuma khan Peter Lianhleia thuziak a lo hmuh khan a rilru a na deuh a ni ang ‘Thu leh Hla’ chanchinbu vek, 1979, September thla chhuakah “Mahnilomaha ka lo insita ka zir san loh avanga lo zak rilru ngawih ngawih thin, khatia kan mi thiam berte zinga miin min han vuak takah phei kha chuan keini ang rual tan chuan mahni thiam ang tawk tawka a dang ziak leh tur pawhin min tiphur (encourage) lo hle mai…Mizo zingah hian ziaktu dang an awm loh thuah mi thiam zawkte cho chhuah nan kan ziak ve chauh a ni a. Mahse, cho chhuah ahnehin kan mi thiamte hlei hlei chuan min lo ngainep ta si em ni? tih tura tawngkam an han neih zauh phei hi chuan keini ang rual zawngin tih leh ngam chi a ni lovang” a ti hial a ni (Zalenna Ram, Fourth Edition – 2016, p. 139 – 140). James Dokhuma rilru na leh beidawng aw hre mah ila, a rilru natna avanga a kawlawm chawltir mai lo va, hetiang thil a thlen hnu leh a boral hma inkarah lehkhabu a la ziak chhunzawm zel leh thawnthu a la phuah chhunzawm zel kha a ropui ngawt mai.
Peter Lianhleia’n, “Ka review kha ka review zo tawh” a ti khan Pilata’n “Ka ziak kha ka ziak zo tawh” a tih, min hriatchhuah tir a. Chanchin |ha Johana ziak atanga kan hmuh angin Isua Krista zirtirte zing ami Juda Iskariota chuan sipai pawl, puithiam lalte leh pharisaite hnena awm tiangkengtute hruaiin Isua manin an phuar a. Kaiapha puzawn Ana hnenah an hruai hmasa ber a. Isua chu Kaiapha in atangin lal inah an hruai leh a. Juda te’n an kut pawimawh Kahlen kut chaw ei theih loh an hlauh vangin lal inah luta intihbawlhhlawh duh lovin Pilata a lo chhuak zawk a. ‘Kahlen’ tih hi JF Laldailova chuan ‘kalkahlen’ tih zawk tur nia a ngaih thu a ziak (Bible Thlirna, 2003,p. 173). Hetih hun lai hi zirtawpni zingkar a ni nghe nghe. Lalin “He mi chungah hian thu pawi eng nge in neih” tia zawhna a zawh chu anni chuan “He mi hi mi sual ni suh sela i hnenah kan rawn hruai lo vang” an ti a. Pilata chuan “Nangnin hruai ulangin, in dan angin a thu rel rawh u” a lo ti sam et a. Juda-te chuan “Keini thuin mi tu mah tihhlum dan a awm lo” tiin an chhang a. A chungthu ngaihtuah a nih hma hauh atangin Juda-te hian tihhlum an tum nghal hle tih a rin theih. Pilata’n Isua chu a dawp tan ta a. “Juda-te Lal i ni em?” tiin zawhna a zawt a. Isuan “Hei hi nangma rilru puak chhuaka i sawi nge, mi dangin an hrilh che, ka chungchang thu hi” tiin zawhna a zawt let. Helai thu han chhiar hian Pilata zawhna zawh dan hmang leh mitmeng, chezia leh hawiher hian a chhanna nei lawkin Isuan a hmu a ni mai thei.
Tichuan, Pilata’n “Kei juda ka ni em ni? Nangma chite leh puithiam lalten ka hnenah an rawn hruai che a nih hi; thil eng nge i tih” a ti a. Isuan a lalram chu khawvela mi a nih loh thuin a chhang a. Chutah Pilata chuan “Chu! Lal i ni elo” a ti a. Isua chuan lal a nih thu leh Thutak hriattir tura khawvela lo kal a nih thuin a chhang. Pilata hian Thutak a hriat loh avangin Isua a zawt a; mahse, Isuan a chhanna a pe lo. Johana ziak-ah Thutak chu amah Isua Krista a nih thu kan hmu a. Tin, ama’n “Kei hi kawng leh thutak leh nunna ka ni” a ti bawk a. Mahse, Pilata hi chuan a hrethiam lo hle ang tih a rin theih. Modernism-in thudik/thutak chu Objective angin a ngai a. “Khawvel kan hriat thiam dan leh thil engkim (reality) mai hian bulpui leh bupui, nihna ril leh nihna tak, bul thut leh innghahna (essence, center) neia rinna leh zawnna chu Logocentricism a ni a. Metaphysic of Presence tih pawha hriat a ni. Chutianga hriatna zawng zawng leh thil engkim a mi, bul leh tawp chu Logos, Thu, Pathian rilru…a ni e tih rinna a ni tiin G. V. Spivak a chuan a hrilhfiah” (Tunlai Khawvel Thlirna, The Postmodern World: An Overview of Posmodernism and its Effect in Comtemporary Societies, 2024 (August), p. 28 – 29).
Pilata hian Isua thiam loh chantir tur khawpa sual a hmuh loh avangin engmah a sualna a hmuh loh thu, tum thum a sawi a. A sawi tum khatna thlen hnuah vuaka hrem a chhuah leh mai a tum a ni ang; a vua a, sipate’n hling lukhum an khumtir a, puansenduk an sintir a, “Juda-te lal” tiin an beng bawk a. Rom ho khan mi vuak dan chi thum – na vak lo atanga na taka vuak dan an nei a, chu chu a indawt danin : fustigato, flagellatio leh verberatio te an ni. Khawi ber hmang hian nge an vuak kan hre lo va; mahse, thil thlen dan enin vuak dan na lo ber chi fustigato dana vuak a nih hmel hle, a chhan chu Juda-te tihlawm nan maia vua-a hrem a nih hmel avangin (Andrew’s Bible Commentary, p. 1463).
A sualna a hmuh loh thu bawk Pilata’n a sawi leh a. Mipuite chuan “Krawsah keng bet rawh, Krawsah keng bet rawh” tiin an au va. Sualna nei lo ni na na na hrem thu a awm si lo. “Nangnin kalpui ula, krawsah keng bet rawh u; kei zawngin engmah a sualna ka hmu si lo” tiin Pilata’n mipuite chu a tum hnihna atan a hrilh leh. Johana ziak ni lo hmun dangah Isua kha Galili rama roreltu Herod Antipas-a hnenah a inlan thu kan hmu bawk a. Heroda pawh hian a sualna a hmuh loh avangin Pilata hnenah hruai leh a ni a. Pilata hian chhuah zalen a tum zel a. Mahse, mipute lahin an nawr thiam si a “He mi hi i thlah chuan Kaisara thian i ni lo vang; tu pawh lal insiam apiang kaisara do an ni” an ti ta mai si a. “Kaisara lo lal dang kan nei lo” an la ti ta deuh deuh va! He thu hian Daniala bu atanga kan hmuh Judate tana Pathianin zahngaihna hun a pek kum 490 ral tep tawp chu min hriat chhuahtir a; Kum 490 hi kum 2300 a khung tel tur a nih avangin a chhiar tanna pawh inang tur a ni a – 457 BC. Tichuan, AD 34-ah tawp tur a ni. Zawlnei Ellen G. White-i’n “Heta hapta khat hi Judate tana hapta sawmsarih ruat bik zinga a hnuhnung ber kha a ni a. Hemi AD 27 – AD 34 inkarah hian amah ngeiin a bikin Judate chu sim turin a ti a. A hnuah a zirtirte’n an ngen leh bawk a. Lalram chanchin tha nena chhuak zirtirte hnena chhandamtu thupek chu, ‘Jentail-te kawngah kal suh ula, Samari mite khua reng reng pawh lut suh ang che u; amaherawh chu Israel hnam beram bote hnenah chuan kal zawk ang che u’ tih a ni (Mathaia 10:5, 6) …Juda mite tan bika ruat hapta 70 (emaw kum 490) chu kan hmuh ang khan kum AD 34-ah a tawp a. Khatih lai khan Sanhedrin thupekin Judate chuan Stefana martar-na leh Krista zuitute tiduhdahin chanchin tha an hnarna chu an nemnghet a. Tichuan mi thlan bikte tana ruat chhandamna thuchah chu khawvel puma pek a lo ni ta a ni” tiin a lo ziak bawk (Thuziak Hmasate, 2006, p.11& 12).
Isua an puhna zawng zawng kha thihna tura hrem chu sawi loh hrem tur hrim hrim pawha evidence tha leh rintlak pakhat mah a awm lo. Justice James C. McRurer-a chuan, “Khawvel rorelna chanchinah hian roreltuin, ‘Eng mah a sulana ka hmu lo’ a tih hnua amah vekin thiam loh chantira, tihhlum tura a pek leh tak hi Isua chungchangah lo chuan hmuh tur a awm lo ang” a ti a. Frank J. Powell-a paw’n “Juda-te leh Rom sawkkar chuan an rorelna chu dik tak niin an sawi thin a. Isua chungchangah erawh chuan an tidik lo ve ve a ni. A khawi ve ve pawhin dik takin ro an relsak lo a. Dikna chu an kengkawh lo a. Nazareth Isua, Juda-te Messia, khawvel chhandamtu chu an that” tiin a sawi chhuak hial bawk (Revd. Chuauthuama, Aw Tlâng Mawi Kalvari, 2014, p.78).
Pontia Pilata kha Judai ram awptu leh roreltu niin AD 26 – 36 chhung Governor a ni a. Bible pawn lama chanchin ziaktu Tacitus-a chuan Pilata’n Isua a khenbehtir thu a ziak (Tacitus, Annals. 15:44). Pilata khan a lalna chhunzawm zel a duhna chuan dikna lal tira dik taka rorel ngam lovin mipuite thu leh hla a dah lian zawk avangin mifel Isua Krista chu ‘Luruh hmun’ an tih Aramaik tawnga Golgotha an tih leh Latin tawnga ‘Calvari/Kalvari’ an tih ‘Calvarium’ atanga lak ni bawka khenbeh turin thu a pawtchat ta nih kha! (Zotawng Bible Dictionary, Second Edition-2013, p.823; Aw Tlâng Mawi Kalvari, 2014, p. 87). He Pilata hi “Rom lalber leh mipui thinrim pungkhawmte chu tih lawm ve ve a tumna lamah, tih lawm ve ve a hnehin, a tu ve mah mah a ti lawm lo ta zawk a. A nihna leh zahawmna zawng zawng pawh hlihsak vek niin, France rama Gaul-ah tantir a ni a. A tawpah phei chuan a rilru beidawn em avangin a intihlum ta hial a ni” (Puitling Sabbath School Lesson, Fourth Quarter (Oct – Dec) : Chanchin |ha Johana Ziak Thupui Hrang Hrangte, 2024, p. 142). Isua kengbeh tura thupek petu mah ni se, Pilata’n lehkha ziakin Isua an khenbehna kraws ler lama bel tur “Nazareth Isua – Juda-te Lal” tih a ziak a. Iesus Nazarenus Rex ludaeorum hi INRI tiin a lam tawiin kan hmu thin a. Latin tawnga “Nazareth Isua – Juda-te Lal” tihna a ni. Mahse, Judate puithiam lalte chuan Pilata hnenah “ ‘Judate Lal’ tiin ziak suh; ‘Judate Lal ka ni a ti’ tiin ziak zawk rawh” an ti a. Pilata erawhin “Ka ziak kha ka ziak zo tawh” tiin a lo chhang a nih kha Mizo Bible Zirna (Mizo Study Bible) : Thuthlung Hlui leh Thuthlung Thar, 2021, p. 1957 & 1958).
Pilata’n “Ka ziak kha ka ziak zo tawh” a tih leh Peter Lianhleia’n “Ka review kha ka review zo tawh” a tih kha author-centred approach leh text-centred approach dah thain Reader Response Criticism/ Reader-centred approach tarmit vuahin han bih thuak ta ila. A chhan chu a ziaktu Johana sawi tum leh a thuin a sawi tum tak ka chian bik loh avangin a chhiartu keima hmuh dan hmangin ka sawi dawn a. A ziaktu leh a thuin a tum tak ka thihtir dawn a nih ber chu. “There is no meaning in word, meaning is in people”, “There is no truth, only interpretation” an lo tih ve bawk kha a.
Pilata khan Isua Krista chezia, nungchang, zawhna a chhan dan leh a thil lo tih tawhte ngun taka ngaihtuah chungin mi sual niin a hmu lo va. Thi tura hrem tur phei chuan tihsual engmah a neih loh thuah a chiang hle niin a ngaih theih. Isua Juda-te lal ni ngeiin a hre bawk a. Isua an khenbehna kraws lera tar turah ‘Nazareth Isua, Judate Lal’ tiin a ziak ta reng a. Postmodernism tarmit vuah chung phei chuan a hmuh dan leh hriat dan kha amahah a dik hliah hliah a ni ang tih a rin theih a. Juda puithiam lalte’n ‘Juda-te lal ka ni a ti’ tia ziak zawk tura an rawn pawhin a vawn lai chu dik hlea a ngaih avangin ‘Ka ziak kha ka ziak zo tawh’ tiin a tang kawh tlat a. Ziah that emaw siam that emaw a tum lo bur niin a ngaih theih. Hetiang chiah hian Peter Lianhleia pawh khan ‘Thla Hleinga Zan’ thawnthu atangin ‘Thla Hleinga Zan’ leh a ziaktu James Dokhuma a hmuh dan chu ziak chhuakin chanchinbuah a tarlang a. A hmuh dan kha mi dangte hmuh dan nen a innan loh avang maiin, tih danglam emaw ziah that emaw a tum lo tih a hriat theih a. Lalzuia Colney-i’n ziak tha leh tura a rawn pawhin ‘Ka review kha ka review zo tawh’ a ti mai a nih kha.
He thu atang hian Reader Response Criticism hi a zalenin a mi mal thu leh hla hle tih a hriat theih a. Dan leh hrai awm lohna hun leh hmun postmodern world-ah min thlawhpui thei niin a ngaih theih. Chutih rual erawh chuan thu hi a nung a, a chhiartuah thu awmze dang leh hrihfiahna dang hmangin a inlar thei tih a chiang bawk. He ka thuziak ngei pawh hi chutiang chu a ni ang. Pilata leh Peter Lianhleia te dungthulin, “Ka ziak chu ka ziak zo ta”.