By Vanramchhuangi (Ruatfela Nu) &
Dr. Lallianpuii Kawlni (Lalani)
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Thuhma: Mizo ten kan tlang ram lo neih kalphungin kan ramngawte tichhia a kan ngaih avangin, sawrkarin Land Use Policy thar a duang hial a nih kha. Tunlaiah pawh environment humhalh pawimawhna sawi nikhua hian, mi tam tak chuan kan lo neih kalphung vanga kan ramngawte chereuah an ngai bawk a. Kum tina thing kan kih hi kan environment chhiatna chhan berah puhin an mal beih chiam thin. Kum tina thing kung tam tak kih na na na chuan kan environment-in a tuar lo thei lo a. Chutih rual chuan kan leilung tichhetu leh ramngaw tichereutu dang tam takte hi kan environment tichhetu bulpui an ni zawk tih hi zirchianna hrang hrang atangin a chiang a ni.
India State of Forest Report (ISFR) kum 2003 report leh 2017 report kan khaikhin chuan forest cover 1500sq kms vel kan hloh angin a chhut chhuah theih a. Chutih rual chuan National Remote Sensing Centre leh Indian Space Research Organisationte tang kawpin “Wasteland Atlas Map” an buatsaihah, kum 2003-2017 chhung khan tlangram lo neih leh chulram te hi 2314.51 sq kms velin a kiam angin a chhut theih thung a ni. Hei hian a entir chu- kan environment tluchhe mek chhan bulpui ber chu tlangram lo neih a ni lo a. 2003-2017 inkara kan sawrkar, khawtlang leh mimala kan hmalaknate khan kan ramngaw a thiat hneh hle zawk tih a tilang chiang awm e.
Tichuan, 2017 hnu lamah Mizoramah kawng laih project lian tam takin a rawn chhunzawm ta bawk nen, developmental project hrang hrang kawng leh sawrkar hmun pawimawh bakah mimal hlawkna um avanga kan environment tlusawp mek hi kan en kanin kan hmuh hmaih thiang tawh lo a ni.
Kan environment tichhe nasatu ber chu- tho leh ngai reng reng lo tura kawng laih vung, ton tam taka ritin thing leh mau, ramhmul leh nungcha tê leh lian, tuihna leh tuikhur, kawr leh luite a chhilh hi a ni. Kan environment tichhetu dang leh chu- reserve forest/catchment area-ah mimal leh sawrkar hmalakna project lian tak tak awm te hi a ni bawk. Heng ram humhalh bik hmunte hi an nih ang anga hian, nunna khaidiat vawngtu atana an pawimawh em avanga humhalh bik an ni a. Heng humhalh bikah te hian mihring leh a kutthlakna hnuhmain a tihchereu nghawng hi nasa takin kan tuar tawh a, kan tuar mek a, kan tuar zel dawn a ni.
Chhe rup thei dinhmunah Mizoram: Kan tlang ram lo neih kal phung vang te, kan ramngaw leh nungcha, tuihna, luite leh lui lian dimdawina chang kan hriat loh vangte leh, tunhnaiah hmasawnna rahbi atana pawimawh anga ngaih, a tel lo pawha kan la awm theih si hmalakna ten, kan ramngaw leh nungcha, kan luite leh lian tam tak a tichhia a. Kan ecosystem chuan thihpui tham hliampui a tuar a, chhe rup thei dinhmunah kan ding tih hi a hnuaia zirchianna hian a tarlang a ni:
1. National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem hnuaia India rama research tihna tha ber pawl, Indian Institute of Science leh Indian Institute of Technology te’n Himalaya tlangdunga state awm zawng zawngte sik leh sa danglam nasa (climate change)-in a nghawng dan an zirchian chu “Climate Vulnerability Assessment for the Indian Himalayan Region Using a Common Framework” tih a ni. He zirchiannain a tarlan danin, Mizoram chu heng Himalayan state zawng zawng zingah sik leh sa inthlak danglam vanga state dinhmun derthawng zinga pahnihna a ni. Zirchianna chuan “Mizoram environment chuan hliampui a tuar mek, chhe rup thei a ni” tih a tarlang tel bawk a ni.
2. India State of Forest Report (FSI, 2021)-in a tarlan danin, Mizoram chuan 2019-2020 chhungin ramngaw 185.51 sq. km lai mai kan hloh a ni. Keini ang tlangrama cheng, kan lui tui tlante pawh van ruahtui ring deuh vek tan chuan ralkhel dar a ni ringawt a ni. Tuihna siamtu chu ramngaw leh nungcha an ni si a.
3. Science and Technology Department zirchianna, 2019-in a tarlan danin, kum 15 hma lam chhung khan 2.75° C in Mizoram a lum belh a. He mi hun chhunga khawvel pum lum belhna chu 0.6° C- 2.5° C a ni. Khawvelin global warming kan buaipui mup mup laiin, khawvel pumpui lum belhna aiin Mizoram lum belhna hi a tam daih zawk tihna a ni.
4. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) chuan, kum 2021-ah khan India State zinga khawro (desertification rate) chak ber 10 a thlang chhuak a, chung zingah chuan Mizoram hi a tel a ni. Chu mai a la ni lo, he report hian Mizoram hi hmarchhak ram zingah a khawro (desertify) chak ber niin, kum 15 chhungin 0.18 million hectares vel ram roah kan chantir tih a tarlang a ni.
He ram hmangaihtu tan chuan heng zirchiannain a tarlante hi ngaihthah thiang a ni lo. Lungmuang taka kan awm lai hian kan environment hliampui tawrh mek hi a chhe rup thei a ni. Chu chu khawvel ram dang tawnhriat atangin kan hria a ni.
Central atanga Fund hrek theih dinhmunah kan ding: India ram hi khawvela ramngaw hloh nasa ber pahnihna a nih vangin mi thiam leh ram hruaitute lu a hai a. Kawng hrang hrangin siam that (restore) dan an dap ruai ruai a: Finance Commission pawhin ramngaw humhalh tha lo state-te chu fund lama hrekna a kalpui khauh sawt hle a: Finance Commission-in central tax insem dan tur (devolution of taxes) a ruahmanaah Forest coverage a dah a. 14th Finance Commission khan weightage 7.5% a pe a. 15thFinance Commission phei chuan weightage 10% a pe ta hial a ni.
Kan Forest coverage a tlak hniam zel chuan central lama fund kan hmuh tur a tlem tial tial dawn a. Hei pawh hi ralkhel dar ri ngaihnawm lo tak a ni.
Environment hi eng mahin a hmakhalh thiang tawh lo: Climate change avangin khawvel leh India ramin thupui bulpui (principle) bera a neih chu- “hmasawnna (development) hian environment a hmakhalh tur a ni lo” tih a ni. Hei vang hian environment humhalhna dan hrang hrang bawhchhiate chu National Green Tribunal (NGT) leh High Court leh Supreme Court-ah pawh thiam an chang thei lo a. Indian Judiciary pawh Environment lamah 100% in a tang tawh a. Environment humhim chu Judicial Activism pawimawh tak a ni tawh mek a ni.
Kawng pui laih vak vak hi hmasawnna khingbai a ni: Environment tichhe lo zawnga hmasawnna hna thawh atangin hmasawnna tluantling leh tlo a lo awm thin a. Chu mi innghahna lungphum chu hmasawnna hnathawk chunga Environment humhalh leh venhimna dan leh hrai chi hrang hrang zawm leh ngaih pawimawh a ni. Tun dinhmunah Mizoram chhungah hmasawnna hna thawh hrang hrang kan kal pui dan en leh, a bik takin tunlai district hrang hrangin kan buaipui NHIDCL kawng laihte hian, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) tihhlawhtlinna a mausam vek a. A tuartu tur chu ram leilung fate tho kan ni a, chung zingah chuan mi rethei leh chak lo zawk ten a nghawng an tuar nasa ber zel a ni.
Tlangkawmna: Mizoram hi tlang ram mawi leh nuam tak, ramngaw leh luite (seasonal leh perennial river) tam tak nei thin kan ni a. Boruak thinghlim tak kan nei bawk a. Hetiang hmun nuamah hian Siamtuin min dah a. Lungawi taka ramdang ngai loa tual kan len kumkhuana a ni.
Mizoram hi tlang ram mawi tak nimahsela, a leilung leh ecosystem derdep em em a ni a; chu mi awmzia chu khawvel sik leh sa leh khuarela thilnung leh nung lo tinreng inkhaidiat leh inzawm chiatah hian danglamna chhete a awm pawhin kan tuar hma bik tihna a ni. Chu mai bakah kan ram ei leh bar (economy) a chhiain a derthawng em em a. Hnam tlemte kan nihna nen, heng khuarel chhiatna leh danglamnate hian min nghawng hma bik a ni. Chuvangin kan environment chhiat vanga kan dinhmun chhiatzia ngun taka ngaihtuah a, tihchereu belh tawh lo a, a chhe tawh leh chhe mek pawh siam that (restore) thuai a nih loh chuan Mizoram hi kan thlah lo awm zel turte tan chenna tlak a ni lo ang. Tuna leilung fa cheng mekte tan pawh ngaih a ngam thei tawh lo a nih hi.
Mizoram mipuite hian hmasawnna kan duh a. Environment humhalha humhim pawh kan duh. Environment hrisel leh tha awm loin, mihringte tan dam khawchhuahna kawng a awm loh vangin, hmasawnna (development) hian environment a hmakhalh tur a ni lo tih hi kan hriat ngei ngei a ngai.
Leilung leh a chhunga thil awm zawng zawng hi Lalpa ta a ni. Nang leh keia ta a ni lo. I ta lo chu i nawm i maka i suasam tur a ni lo. Pathianin kan thlah lo kal zel turte tan, tuna mite enkawl tura min pek, ram leilung, a chhunga thing leh mau, nungcha te leh lian, tuihna leh tuikhur, luite leh lui liante tha tak enkawl a, a tichhetu chu tupawh ni se, hmachhawn ngam tura pen chhuah hi nang leh kei mawh phurhna a ni. Mizoram hi kan ram a ni a. Hei lo hi ram dang kan nei lo. Kan ram neihchhun hi nang leh keiin kan humhalha kan humhim loh chuan tuman min rawn humhalhsak dawn si lo.
(He article hi June 2022-a tihchhuah tawh mah ni se, a hlutna a kiam thei chuang lo a; environment pawimawhna hi kan hriat nawn fo a tul avangin kan rawn dah nawn leh a ni. – Editor)