September 2 khan Union government chuan President of India Ram Nath Kovind kaihhruaina hnuaiah State Assembly leh Lok Sabha inthlan te a ruala neih theih a ni em tih enfiah turin committee a din a. Member pariat awmna High-Level Committee hian ‘one nation, one election’ idea chu tihhlawhtlina a ruala ram puma inthlan neih theih a nih leh nih loh an enfiah dawn a ni.
Member zingah hian Union Home Minister Amit Shah, Leader of Opposition, Rajya Sabha hlui Ghulam Nabi Azad, Chairperson of the 15th Finance Commission ni thin NK Singh, Lok Sabha Secretary General ni thin Subhash C Kashyap, senior advocate Harish Salve, leh Chief Vigilance Commissioner hlui Sanjay Kothari te pawh an tel a. Union Minister of Law and Justice Arjun Ram Meghwal chu ‘special invitee’ a ni bawk.
Lok Sabha-a INC leader Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury chuan committee tel duh lovina inhnukdawk thung a, committee chu awm ze nei lo leh thurel turte pawh a hma daiha thutlukna siam lawk sa tawh tiin a sawi.
Law Ministry-in terms of reference pasarih a siam zingah pakhat chu a ruala inthlan neih a nih theih nan State-in remtihna an pek a ngaih avangin constitutional amendment siam a ngai em tih a ni a.
Chu chuan zawhna siam zuiin hetiang rawtna hi chu Parliament ah vote hmanga chinfel ngei ngai a ni thin a, parliament-ah chuan sorkar in majority a nei mek a, State remtihna kaltlang lova parliament hmanga kalpui a nih chuan federalism a nghawng ngei dawn thung.
Chung karah chuan zawhna pawimawh awm ta chu – Engtiangin nge constitution amend a nih ang a, State-in sawi a nei ve thei em, tih a ni.
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Constitution amend dan?
Constitution chu living document a tul azir zela insiam danglam thei anga ngaih a ni a. Jawaharlal Nehru chuan Constituent Assembly-ah, “He Constitution hi permanent ni se kan duh em em rualin Constitution-ah permanent a awm thei lo. Inpawhfan theihna a awm tur a ni a. Eng pawh inpawtfan thei lo leh permanent a i siam a nih chuan ram hmasawnna tur i dal tihna a ni a, mipuite hmasawnna tur pawh i dal a ni,” tiin a sawi.
Article 368 of the Indian Constitution chuan Constitution amendment chu thuang thuma kalpui tur a ti a. Constitution a provision thenkhatte chu legislation pangngai passed ang maiin – simple majority hamngin Parliament House pahniha pawm mai theih a ni a.
A dang leh chu seperate category a dah a awm a, entir nan Article 4 (changes related to the organisation of States), Article 169 (abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States), leh para 21(2)13 of Schedule VI (provisions for the administration of Tribal Areas in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram) ang te chu a awm bawk a.
Hengah te hi chuan House of Parliament-a member hmun thuma thena hmun hnih aia tel lovin vote an thlak ngai a ni a.
A pathumna chu ‘special majority’ ngai niin chu bakah State legislature zah ve talin an pawmpui ngai a ni bawk a. Mahse, State legislature in a pawmpui tur hun tiam siam a ni lo thung a ni.
State-in a pawmpui ngei ngai constitutional amendment eng te nge?
Constitution chuan thlak danglam a nih dawna pawmpui dan pawimawh bik tia sawi a nei a. Heng te hi ‘entrenched provisions’ tia sawi an ni a. Chung te chu –
President of India (Article 54 and 55) inthlana thlak danglam ngai a awmin tih te, Union or the State governments (Article 73 and 162)executive power thlak danglam tumah tih te, Union judiciary or the High Courts. (Articles 124–147 and 214–231) provision thlak danglam a ngaihin, Union leh States legislative leh administrative power semzai a ngaih (Article 245 to 255) thlak danglam tumah tih te, Seventh Schedule a Lists thlak danglam tumna awmin, Parliament-a States representation thlak danglam (Article 82) ah te leh Article 368 amend a tulin tihah te a ni.
Entirnan, Constitution (Ninety-ninth Amendment) Act, Supreme Court jude ruat dan turah National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) dina nih theih nan President in remtihna a pek hmain State legislature sawmparukin remtihna December 31, 2014 khan an pe a ni. Amendment chuan Article pawimawh pathum – 124 A, B leh C belhin clause 2 of Article 124 a amend bawk a. Article 124A chuan NJAC a din tir bawk a, Article 124B chuan NJAC chu Supreme Court leh high court hrang hrang te a appointment siam turin thuneihna a pe bawk a, Article 124C chuan parliament chu NJAC function siama thlak danglam thei turin thuneihna a pe bawk.
Mahse, Supreme Court chuan October 16, 2015 khan 4-1 majority in he amendment hi unconstitutional tih leh Constitution basic structure bawhchhia tiin a thiah thung a. Higher judiciary a judge te ruat turin collegium system chu a dinchantir leh zui a ni.
Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016 Goods and Services Tax regime introduced na chu President-in September 8, 2016 a remtihna a pek hmain State legislature zahve chuangin remtihna an pe a ni.
Constituent Assembly-ah khan Dr. B.R. Ambedkar khan constitutional provision thenkhatte thlak danglam a nih dawnin federal structure humhim a nih theih nan State tena remtihna an pek kher a tul tiin a tang tlat a.
Dr. Ambedkar chuan constituional amendment in te simple majority a thlak danglam mai theih a nih chuan State a organ pathuma seperation of powers principle chu hnehin a awm a hlau a ni.
Law commission report
August 2018 khan Law Commission of India, Justice B.S. Chauhan kaihhruai chuan draft report tichhuakin chutah chuan a ruala inthlan chu tuna Constitution hmanlai behchhan chuan kalpui ngaihna a awm lo a ti a. Kalpui tur chuan Constitution-ah amendment heng- Representation of the People’s Act 1951, leh the Rules of Procedure of Lok Sabha and State Assemblies te thlak danglam hmasak a ngai a ti a. Commission chuan chunga constitutional amendment siam tur chuan State 50% talin an thlawp a ngai a ti bawk a. Kum 1999 Commission B.P. Jeevan Reddy kaihhruai khan Lok Sabha leh Assembly inthlan a ruala neih chu a rawt bawk.
Mahse mithiamte chuan law Commission report kalpui dawn chuan Constitution federal structure khawih danglam ngei a ngai an ti thung a. P.D.T Achary, Former Secretary General of Lok Sabha chuan a ruala inthlankalpui tur chuan State Assembly te chu thiah a ngai dawn a ti.
Kawng hnihin kalpui theih a ni a – State a ruling lai te chuan voluntary a remtihna pein Governor-in remtihna a pekin emaw Constitutional machinery khawih danglama President-in central sorkar rawtna a pawmin emaw kalpui theih a ni a ti. A hmasa zawk chu kalpui ngaihna a awm dawn loh avangin duhthlan tur awm chhun chu Union government in Article 172 legislative Assembly tin te chu kum nga daih a niang tih a thlak danglam chu a ni mai tih a ni.
Achary chuan chung amendment te chu federal structure khawih danglam lo chuan kalpui ngaihna a awm dawn lo a ti a. “State inthlan te chu Lok Sabha ruala neih tura hmehkawp duh a nih chuan Parliament-in Constitution federal structure a khawih dawn avangin tih theih ngawt a ni lo. Union government/parliament chuan State-ah a duh ang a barh lui ngawt thei lo. Union government duh dan chu BJP rorelna state te chuan voluntary-in an pawm thei mai ang a, mahse, opposition rorelnate chuan an pawm dawn lo,” tiin a sawi bawk.