A.C. Zonunmawia, CEP
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16th September 1987 khan Ozone Layer tichhe thei thil tihchhuah tlem leh he khawvel atanga paihbo kawngah ram hrang hrangte chuan thuthlung an siam a, chu thuthlung chu Montreal Protocol tih a niin heta tang hian United Nations chuan September ni 16 chu International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer or World Ozone Day atân a lo puang zui ta bawk a ni. Tichuan, he thuthlung (Protocol) hi ram hrang hrang 179 zette’n pawmin Ozone tichhe thei (ozone depleting substances) heng; chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), Halons, Carbon tetrachloride (CTC) leh Methyl chloroform (MCF) te chu a rang lama nuaibo nghal turin ruahmanna an siam ta a ni.
Ozone (O3) hi boruak chi khat a niin kan lei atanga 10 – 50 km vela hla boruak thuahthip “Stratosphere”-ah khian a awm khawm deuh ber a. Ozone hian Nî (Sun) atanga lo chhuak zungzam hlauhawm tak (Ultra violet rays) lakah he leia nunna neite hi min humhim tlat thin a ni. Ultra violet rays hi chi thum an awm a (UV-A, UV-B leh UV-C), heng zingah hian Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) hian vun natna chi hrang hrang bakah mit that lohna (cataract) te a thlen theih avangin a hlauhawm deuh bika ngaih a ni a, chubakah mihringin natna kan do theihna hmanrua (immune system) pawh a titlem thei a, thlai pawh rah a chhuah thattir thei loh bakah tui chhûnga hnim hnah te tak te te tân phei chuan thanmawhbawk siamtu a ni bawk a ni.
Tichuan, ultra violet rays laka min humtu Ozone chu Freon Gas tia kan hriat lar CFCs hian a tichhe thei a ni tih kum 1974 daih tawh khan Sherwood Rowland leh Mario Molina te chuan an lo hmuchhuak tawh a. Hemi bakah hian methyl bromide pawhin nasa takin Ozone hi a tichhe thei tih hmuhchhuah belhin, Bromine atom phei chuan Chlorine atom aiin Ozone hi a tichhe nasa thei zawk tih hriat belh zel a ni ta bawk a ni. Kum 1985 atang khan mithiamte chuan chhimtawp (Antarctic region)-ah Ozone pawp an hmuchhuak tan a, kum 1992-ah phei kha chuan he laia Ozone pawp hi United States ram let thum zeta lian a ni hman der tawh a ni. Hetiang deuh bawk hian 1998 atang khan mithiamte’n hmartawp (Arctic region)-ah pawh Ozone pawp an hmuchhuak leh a ni. Kum 2000 khan Antarctic region-ah Ozone pawp hi square kilometer maktaduai 28.4 awmin kum 2023-ah erawh square kilometer maktaduai 26 a ni thung.
Lei tuamtu boruak chunglam sâng takah Ozone hi tangkai viau mahse, Lei hrûla a tam chuan a hlauhawm thung a, ‘Ozone pollution’ hian nghawng thalo tam tak a nei thei a ni. Lirthei khu, thilsiamna hmun khu, leitha leh thlai venna damdawi (pesticides) hmanna, etc. atang hian nitrogen oxides (NOx) leh volatile organic compounds (VOCs) a chhuak nasa thin hle a, heng hi Lei hrûl boruaka ‘Ozone’ lo insiamna bul ber an ni thin. Ozone pollution hian mihringah thâwkna lam a tibuai thei a, a bikin naupang leh upa lamin an tuar duh a, asthma, bronchitis leh emphysema natna a tizual thei a, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) tizualtu a ni fo thin a ni. Tin, ozone pollution hian thelret, plastics leh puan lam a tichhe hma thei a, thlai leh ramhmul than a tithu bawk thin. Tunhnaia ozone pollution zirchianna, “Nature Geoscience” journal-a tarlan a nih danin ozone pollution hian tropical forests-a ramhmul te chu 5.1% ngawtin an thanna (growth) a tithuanawp a ni.
India chuan Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules 2000 tichhuakin, he Dân hian ni 1.1.2003 hnu lamah chuan CFC hman hi a khap bur tawh a, damdawi lam thil atân chauh lo chuan a hman theih tawh lo a ni. Chutiang bawkin ni 1.1.2001 hnu lamah chuan pawimawh bik te-ah lo chuan Halons hman khap a ni bawk a. Heng bakah hian carbon tetrachloride leh methyl chloroform leh CFCs te chu damdawi lama hman atan ni 1.1.2010 thleng phal a ni a, methyl bromide erawh chu damdawi lam atân vek ni 1.1.2015 thleng hman phal a ni thung. Hetih lai hian hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) chu ni 1.1.2040 thleng hman theih a ni. Tin, he Dân hian Ozone tichhe thei Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) 95 chu zawi zawia nuaibo leh khuahkhirh a tum a, Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Amendment Rules, 2014 pawh a awm tawh a ni. Keimahni leh he Leia kan chenpui nunna neite kan lo him zawknan ODS awm lohna thil chauh lei leh hman chin hi kan tih tur a nih rualin, ozone pollution laka fihlim turin kan chêtlakna hrang hrangah kan fimkhur em em a pawimawh bawk a ni.