Mizoram EIACP Hub
-- Advertisement --
Kum 1987-a United Nations hnuaia ram hrang hrangte’n ‘Ozone layer’ tichhe thei thil chi hrang hrang hman tlêm, khap leh tirêm tura inremna thuthlung an ziah ‘Montreal Protocol’ hriat reng nân kum 1994 khân September ni 16 hi ‘International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer’ atân UN chuan a puang a, kum 1995 atang khân kum tin hman thin niin World Ozone Day tia hriat lâr zui a ni ta a ni.
Kan khawvêl tuamtu boruak, atmosphere hlâwm hrang hrang zînga pakhat Stratosphere, lei atanga km 11 – km 50 inkâra awmah hian Ozone layer hi a awm a, ni (sun) atanga lo chhuak zungzâm hlauhawm tak Ultra Violet Rays lakah leia nunna neite hi min humhim tlat a ni. Ultra Violet Rays hi chi thum a awm a, chûngte chu UV-A, UV-B leh UV-C te a ni, hêng zingah hian UV-B (280 – 315 nanometer wavelength) hi a hlauhawm hlê a, vânneihthlâk takin he UV-B hi Ozone layer-ah hian Ozone-in a tam thei ang ber a lo hîp ral ta thin a, thil nungtea chhiatna râpthlâk tak a thlen tur pawh kan pumpelh phah ta thin a ni. UV-B hian mihringte-ah nasa takin vun cancer leh vun natna chi hrang hrang a thlen thei a, mit a tichhe thei bawk a, kan taksâ-a natna dotu a tichhe thei bawk a, kan thlaite leh rannung dangte pawh hian an ngeih loh hlê a, a bîk takin tuia chêng nungchâte hian an haw hlê bawk. Tin, kan bungrua entirnân, plastic leh rawng kan hman hote hian an chhiat hmâ phah hlê thei bawk a ni.
Heti khawpa mihringte leh thil nung dangte tâna tangkai êm êm mai hi kum 1985 May thlâ khân British Antarctic Survey’s Joe Farman, Brian Gardiner leh Jonathan Shanklin-te chuan Antartica khawmualpui chung zâwnah Ozone Hole, ozone pawp kan tih mai chu a awm a ni tih khawvêl hriatah an puangzâr ta rup mai a ni. Boruak chhûnga ozone awm zât hi Dobson Spectrophotometer hmanga teh a ni a, hei hi kum 1920 chho-a siam niin tûn thleng hian khawvêlin tehfung atâna a hman a la ni reng a ni. Ozone chhah zâwng hi Dobson Units (DU) hmanga teh a ni a, 300 DU vêl hi a normal range ni-a ngaih a ni a, Ozone hole tih taka hi boruak zau tak, ozone value 220 DU aia tlêm nei tihna a ni.
Ozone hi thil dang nen a inbelhbawm hmâ (Reactive) êm êm a, molecules dang nen a inzawm tawh chuan Ozone nihna properties kha a hloh ta thin a, lei atanga boruak kan tihchhuah entirnân Fluride ang chi te, Air Conditioner siam nâna kan hman te, Fridge-a kan hman te, Polythene hâl khû avânga lo awmte leh Factories leh Industries atanga kan tihchhuah thinte hian vân sâng a thlenin Ozone nen inkawpin thil (particles) dang daihah a insiam a, Ozone a ei ral a, Ozone layer a pan/pawp kan ti ta thin a ni. Air Conditioner leh refrigerator-te hi CFC (Chloroflurocarbon) siamtu an ni a, Ozone ei chhetu kan tihte kha an ni a, room an tivâwtin kan khawsak tinuam viau mah se la a aia manhlâ lo zâwk daih kha an thawkchhuak a ni tih hriat tur a ni. Ozone layer a pana a pawp chuan ni zung atanga Ultra Violet Ray lo kal khân lei a rawn thleng hnem thei ta a, nunna nei tân a hlauhawm ta hlê a ni.
Kum 1973 atang khân Frank Sherwood Rowland leh Mario Molina-te chuan CFCs chu zir chiangin Ultra Violet Ray laka min humhimtu ber Ozone chu CFCs hian a tichhe thei tih an hmuchhuak a, Methyl bromide leh gas thenkhatte pawhin nasa takin Ozone hi a tichhe thei tih hmuhchhuah belh zêl a ni a, Bromine phei chuan Chlorine aiin a tichhe nasa thei zâwk tih hriat belh zêl a ni bawk.
Hetiang hi thil awm dân a nih tâkah chuan, kum 1987 khân United Nations hnuaia kal khâwm ram hrang hrang 179 zette chuan kan chênna leilung tâna pawimawh êm êm ozone layer tichhe thei Ozone depleting substances hrang hrang hêng Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), Halons, Carbon tetrachloride (CTC) leh Methyl chloroform (MCF)-te chu a rang thei ang bera tihbo a nih theih nân hman khap leh siam chhuah belh khapna tur thuthlung ‘Montreal Protocol’ a duang ta a, chu thuthlung an ‘signed’ ni September ni 16, chu kum tin ‘World Ozone Day’ atâna hman turin United Nation chuan kum 1994 khan a lo puang ta a ni.
India ram pawh he ‘Montreal Protocol’ pawmtu ram zînga a tel ve avângin ozone tichhe thei hêng ozone depleting substances kan tihte siam chhuah khap, hman khap leh tihbo a nih theihna turin ‘The Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules 2000’ chu siamin ram pumah hman mêk a ni. He dân hian kum 2003 hnu lamah chuan CFC hman hi a khap bur tawh a, damdâwi lam thil atân chauh lo chuan hman theih a ni tawh lo. Hêng bâkah hian Carbon tetrachloride leh Methyl chloroform leh CFCs-te chu damdâwi lama hman atân January ni 1, 2010 thleng hman phal a ni a, Methyl bromide erawh chu damdâwi lam atân vêk January ni 1, 2015 thleng hman phal a ni bawk. Tin, he dân hnuaiah hian Ozone tichhe thei Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) 95 zet chu zâwi zâwia nuai bo leh khuahkhirh a tum bawk a ni.
Ozone layer chhiat belh zêl vên nân leh ngai a lo awh chhoh leh theih nâna khawvêlin tangruala kê a pênna chuan rah duhawm tak a chhuah mêk a, tûn ang renga ‘Montreal Protocol’ hi ram hrang hrangte’n kan zawm thata kan kalpui that chhoh zêl chuan kum 1980 chho vêla Ozone layer him dinhmun angah khân Antartica chunga ozone layer hi kum 2066-ah chuan a lêt leh hman beisei a ni a, Artic chunga ozone hi kum 2045-ah chuan khawvêl hmun dang zawng chunga ozone layer pawh kum 2040-ah chuan ngai-awh leh hman vek tawh turah Scientist-te chuan an beisei a ni.
Ozone layer chhe zêl tur vênhim nân leh a chhe tawhsâ siam thata a awm chhoh zêl theih nân mi tinin mimal anga kan mawhphurhnate hlenchhuah theuh tum ila, Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) awm lohna thil chauh lei leh hman chîn hi kan tih tur a ni tih i hre nawn theuh ang u.