“Evolution of District Council Autonomy in Mizoram”

By Dr Joseph K. Lalfakzuala
Government T. Romana College

Evolution of District Council Autonomy in Mizoram

Author: Prof. J. Doungel,
Dept. of Pol Science, MZU

First Published in 2010 by Spectrum, Guwahati
Second (Revised & Enlarged Edition 2022, Balaji Publication 2022.

Evolution of District Council Autonomy in Mizoram hi chapter (bung) pariata (8)-ah then a ni a. Chapter hmasa ber hi – Introduction leh a tawp ber hi Conclusion (khaikhawmna a ni) Chapter dang parukahte hian ‘autonomous’ lam chhui bikna leh zir bingna neih a niin, a thu ken a kimin chik taka ziah a ni tih a lang bawk.

Chapter one- Introduction-ah hian British in Lushai Hills a awp nana dan leh dun hrang hrang ziah lan a ni a. Chubakah British-in India a chhuahsan dawna Mizote hma lam hun tur–North Eastern Frontier Province, Macdonald Scheme, District Conference te pawh ziah lan a ni. Mizote chauh ni lo, Excluded Areas-a awmte tan Sixth Schedule lo pian chhuah dan, Bordoloi SubCommittee (North Eastern Frontier (Assam) Tribal and Excluded Areas Sub-Committee)-te ruahmanna leh chu mi kal zelah Constituent Assembly-ah Sept. 5, 6, & 7, 1949 a debate te pawh pholan tel a ni. Mizo District Council siam a nih hmaa District Advisory Council (35member) awmna te kha ziah lan a ni bawk a. Chuan, Lushai Hills Autonomous District Council kha kum 1954 ah Mizo District Councilah thlak a ni.

Chapter one- ah hian Lai hnam tobul theory chi hrang – Biblical Theory, Deluge theory, Chhinlung theory atangtein tawi fel takin chhuina a nei bawk. Heng bakah hian Lai hnam te British-in an awp hmaa an pem kual dan chanchin thai lan tel a ni bawk a, Lusei te nen an in ep dan te, Lusei ten ‘Pawi’ tia an koh dan te ziah lan tel a ni bawk. Lai hnam hrang hrang, tawng ziarang leh Kuki-Chin-Mizo group-ah an awm a ni tih a sawi lang bawk.

Chapter 2 ah Pawi –Lakher Regional Council (PLRC) lo pian chhuah dan ziak a ni a, chumi atan Serkawr Lal Chhohmo Hlychho bul lo tanna leh hmalakna hian PLRC rawn pian chhuah dan a hril thui hle a ni (p. 32). He chapter-a a ziah lan pawimawh deuh chu, PLRC-ah hian Lushai Hills hmun dang ang lo deuhvin anti-chief movement (Lal duh lohna) kha a awm ve lem lo a, Lal leh an thlah ten politic-ah Lai leh Mara hnam an luhpui zawk a ni. PLRC rawn pian nana mi pawimawh leh chu Nari Rustomji, Adviser to the Governor of Asssam tih ziah lan a ni bawk. PLRC hun laia politic leh a function dan hrang hrang ziah lan tel a ni bawk a, a bikin political party bik emaw, Mizo District a party lian MU leh UMFO zawm lova Lai leh Mara hnam dam nana Pawi Lakher Tribal Union lo pian dan te, leh PLRC a chanvo insem zai dante ziah lan a ni bawk.

PLRC-ah hian Lunglei SDO ni lai B.W. Roy a kha Chairman leh CEM hmasa ber a ni bawk a ni.
PLRC hi April 23, 1953-a piang a ni (p.38). Khatih hun laia MU hruaitu Ch. Saprawnga, Assam Sawrkara Parliamentary Secretary-in a hawng nghe nghe. PLRC hi Lungleiah a office din a ni phawt a, chumi hnuah Siaha-ah kum 1955 khan sawn a ni (p. 39).
Chapter two-a pawimawh deuh chu PLRC term hnihna atangin (1958) ‘regional variation’ Lai leh Mara member-te inkarah a rawn inmung chho a, PLRC-ah post pawimawh an inchuh chho tan a ni. House atanga han chhuah tauh te pawh a awm chho tan a ni. 1963-ah phei chuan Mara Freedom Party (MFP) a rawn piang chhuak ta a. MFP hian Mara tan ADC hran a rawn ngiat a, election te pawh an boycott ta hial a, PLRC-ah pawh Lai/Pawi ho chauh an thu ta a ni. MNF
movement avang pawhin PLRC chu a kal hleithei lo a (p. 43). PLTU pawh Mara te an awm ve duh tak lohah chuan PLRC term thumnaah chuan a tawp chho ve ta a, a bikin Chin National Front (CNF) Lawngtlaiah 1963-a a lo pian atang phei chuan a tawp ve nghal niin a ziak bawk a ni. CNF hian a tum ber chu Lai fate awmna zawm khawm (India leh Burma) a ni.

Chapter Two-in a sawi lan pawimawh leh chu H. Kiautuma leh L. Chinzah te politics- a inbeihna vangin a hnam (clan rivalry) inelna Hnialum leh Chinzah inkarah a chhuah phah a, chu chuan electoral politics pawh kum tam tak a nghawng a ni (p. 44). L. Chinzah hi CNF dintu zingah hnar kaitu bera ngaih a ni. 1969-ah F. Manghnuna hoin Congress din a nih khan CNF hi Congress-ah an inchhung lut a ni. Congress chhungah pawh hian Manghnuna pawl leh L. Chinzah pawh
inhruipawhna a nasa chho hle.

Chapter 3- emergence and Working of the Lai Autonomous District Council (LADC) Chapter 3 a pawimawh ber nia ka hriat chu PLRC atanga ADC pathum Lai, Mara leh Chakma rawn pian chhuah dan hi a ni. LADC chhui bingna ni mah se, PLRC an han then darh khan CADC a rawn piang chhuak ve nawlh. He lehkhabuin a chhui dan chuan Mizoram UT a rawn pian rual khan heng hnam pathumte hian ADC central lam thuneitu hnenah an dil ve nghal a, Chakma mi Atul Chandra Chakma-in Pimputkar Special Secretary of the Union Territory, Government of India hnenah Chakma tan a dil thu leh he Secretary hian awm a tih thu ziah lan tel a ni (p. 68). Chuvangin PLRC kha Regional Council pathumah April 2, 1972 ah then darh phawt a ni a.Hei hi Chief Commissioner SJ Das hun laia tih a ni. UT legislature siam a nih hnuah SJ Das hi pawh let niin, Lt. Governor S.P. Mukherjee-in rawn thlakin April 29, 1972 ah ADC pathumah hlankai leh a ni (p. 72).

Chapter 3-ah hian LADC lo piana an dinhmun leh a lo than chhoh zel dan te, LADC election hrang hrang party ten an hma chhawn dan leh dinhmun te tarlan tel a ni bawk. National Politics leh State politics-in LADC a nghawng dan pawh ziah lan tel a ni. LADC inthlan hmasaber 1973-ah chuan Congress lo chu party dang an awm lo a, mahse Manghnuna Congress leh Lalchunga Congress-in an inthen phawk thung a ni. 1977 inthlanah erawh National politics leh State Politics-in a nghawng hle ni tur a ni Janata Party in seat 6, PC in seat 5 leh United Pang People Party(UPPP) in Independent in Seat 1. 1982 ah erawh Congress rawn let leh tawhin Seat 9 rawn lain PC-in 6 leh Ind. Seat 2. 1988 ah INC in 11, leh MNF 8. Hemi tum hian MNF ticket atangin Chakma thlan tlin a ni nghe nghe. 1992 election-ah hian Lairam Congress leh Riang Democratic Party (RDP) an rawn lang leh bawk a ni. 1997-ah Lairam People’s Party leh BJP an rawn lang leh bawk. 2002 ah erawh Congress leh MNF te an inbei leh ber thung. 2002 thleng khan sorkarna siam tluantlin chu tum khat chiah awmin chu chu term 5-na kha a ni. C. Thanghluna (INC) CEM na hnuaiah. Politics-a nghehlohna hi a bulpui bera inziak chu, unprinciples politics, defection, power hungry nature, lack of ideological commitment by political parties. BJP-in account an hawn theih lohna chhan a ziah chu Hindutva policy duh loh vang; mahse, hei hi tunah chuan a inthlak danglam thei tawh ang em?
Chapter 4 – Administrative Structure of the LADC; Chapter 5 – Electoral Politics of the LADC; Chapter 6 Legislation. LADC hian kum 2001 thleng khan Acts (Dan) 29 a siam a, resolution 167 a pass bawk. The Pawi Autonomous District Council (Marriage and Divorce) Act, 1980 – LADc chuan general register inneihna tan a siam a, chumiah chuan Pasal (bridegroom) in Rs. 5 peiin a in-register tur a ni. A tih loh chuan inneihna lam thilah District Council a inrawlh lovang (p. 196).

Impact of Legislation on the people – Tribe Certificate leh Heirship certificate pekchhuah bak District Council Court tih a nei vak lo. Civil leh Criminal case ah chuan Judcial Officer/ / Magistrate, Government of Mizoram te an pan zawk a ni.

District Council Court President/Recorder-ah hian Law graduate an awm lo hi a veiawm hle bawk. Questionaire-ah pawh 78 % chuan he lehkhabu ziaktupa ngaihdan an tawmpuiin Law degree neih an duh, 22 % erawh chuan hnam dan thil a nih vangin law degree neih kher tul an ti lem lo (p. 206). Researcher hian a vei pawimawh deuh a ziah lan tel chu hnamdang (non-tribal) Lawngtlaiah leh Siaha a tam lutuk hi thuneitu leh Zirlai pawl leh Tlawmngai Pawlin hma an lak vat loh chuan ei leh bar zawnna kawngah a ram tan a pawi dawn niin a ziak bawk. (p. 207). Engkimah thuneihna tawp Executive Committee kutah a awm vek hi tha a ti loin a vei hle tih a hriat bawk (p. 210).
Chapter 7 – Issues of Direct Funding in the Sixth Schedule Areas of Mizoram
Hei hi tunhnaiah Researcher/Author hian research nasa zawkin a ti zo tawh a, lehkhabu pawh a rawn chhuak vatin a rinawm. “Direct Funding’ tih thumal rawn chhuah chhoh dan leh ADC huam chhunga party tin ten mipui thlem nan an hmang dik lohzia a rawn pho lang a. 2004 vel atang khan tun hmaa Rajiv Gandhi an a lo tiam tawh tih chang chawiin a nupui leh AICC President ni bawk Pi Sonia Gandhi an kar dan a ziak lang bawk a ni (p. 229) Direct funding tih hian he lamin kawhtir kan tum leh Central lamin kawh tir an tum dan zawk chiang takin a ziak a ni. He thilah Constitutional Provision engmah a awm loh thu leh Direct funding hi pek theih a nih lohzia chiang takin a ziak bawk. Pek theih dan awm thei chu Art 275 (1) amend chauh in a. Mahse Constitutional Amendment Bill 115 khan engmah chutiang lam hawiin a inziak lo a, tin, Constitutional 125th Amendment Bill-ah pawh Direct Funding a theih loh thu chiang takin a inziak bawk. Chu mai ni lovin, BTC anga Territorial Council pawh Mizoram ADC tan bik siam theih a nih loh thu an ziak a, a chhan chu ADC pathumte hi District Pakhat leh LADC leh CADC phei chu revenue district pakhatah an la awm a ni.

Conclusion-ah hian he lekhabu ziaktu hian huaisen takin LDC kalpui dan a dik tawk lo awm te a ziak lang a. Entirnan hna lak chungchangah mimal thiamna aiin polititical affiliation-in ngaihpawimawh a hlawh zawk tih te, technical dept-ah pawh qualified lak a nih loh thin dan te pawh a ziak lang nghe nghe. A bik takin Dan lekkawha rorel turin District Council court-ah tak ngial pawh Law graduate lak an ni lo a, a hnu feah pakhat chu dah a ni. Chu aia buaithlak leh zawk chu District Council Court hian thu tawp a nei lo va, Executive Committee-in a pawmpui phawt a ngai a ni, chu chuan justice delivery ah a hnufual phah a, mipui pawhin ‘formal law’ Chief Judicial Magistrate Court ah thubuai hla buaiah an pan zawk a ni.

Chutih laia LADC hi Social welfare, I&PR, Co-operation, Sport & Youth Services, Environment & Forest leh Revenue-ah chuan fak an phu thu a ziak lang bawk a ni.

A tawp berah chuan, a ziaktu sawi ang hian ADC te hi hnam tenau zawk te tan Indian Constitution-in a siam a ni a, anmahni huang chhungah an hnam damna tur leh than zel nana tih a ni. Parliament lo chuan DAN angin a thiah thei loh a ni. An awm zel hi politic of integration leh politic of regionalism atan a pawimawh a, hnam tê zawk te hi hima an inngaih chuan democracy-ah chuan thanna leh hmasawnna a rampum ang pawhin a awm thin a ni.

 

Lehkhabu tangkaina tur te –
1) Academic Research tan
2) Policy siam nan
3) Kan ram chinchang kan hriat nan
4) ADC te hian an hnam him nan an beih nasatzia leh politic thlichhiain a chhem len nasatzia.
5) Mizo hnam lian ber zing ami Lai fate dinhmun leh inrelbawldan hriat nan.

 

Critical Comment –
1) Revised ni mah se chhuak hmasaa awmsate update a tam lem lo a, chapter belh a tam zawk mah. E.g. Electoral politic pawh hi 2002 thleng deuh chiah ziah lan a ni. Revised-ah chuan vawiin thlenga an dinhmun ziah belh ni thei se.
2) Chapter thenkhat, Chapter 3 leh Chapter 5 te hi dah khawm ni zawk se, chutiang bawkin chapter 4 leh chapter 6.
3) A print leh editing/cross checking hi publisher hna a nih rualin third party in khawih zawk se, a fuh zawk mai thei.

Lawmthu sawina
Prof. J Doungel hi he lamah chuan sulsutu emaw khawvel zau zawk a phochhuaktu a ni a, abikin LADC rawn than chhoh danah hian he lehkhabu hi chu en hmaih a thiang lo tawp a ni. Students, Scholars, Policy Maker, Bureaucrats, Layman tan pawh he lehkhabu hi a rawntlak a, innghahna tlak a ni bawk. Huaisen taka LADC kal dan phung dik lohna lai a ziak lang tel a, State nen an inkar, inlaichinna fel lo pawh a thai lang hreh lo a; chutih laiin fak an phuna laiah a fak hreh lo bawk. He lehkhabu avang leh a hnathawh kan hmuhte atang hian Prof. J.Doungel hi kan Congratulate duh a, ani tluk bawka hah, lang lo lamah lo thlawp tlattu a nupui Pi Heleni hi kan congratulate bawk a ni. Vawiin ni a he lehkhabu ka thlirlawk thei hi ka lawm tak zet a, mithiam zawk ten han ti zawk se a phui suiin a felfai zawk ngei tur a ni. A release tur tur dik tak Pu Lalrinliana Sailo, Mizoram State Assembly Speakerin a release leh zel hian a ti hluin, Assembly history-ah pawh a chuang reng tawh ang. A tawp berah chuan, Mizo ten Prof. J. Doungela ang Scholar kan nei hi a hlu a, a hlu zual telh telh bawk ang.
Ka lawm e.