India mipui chuan 1,425,775,850 a tling tawh a, UN tehna ang chuan India hian mainland China chu a khum ta a ni.
India-in kum sawm dana chhiarpui a neih thin chu kum 2021 kha neih hun tur a nih laiin tihkhawtlaiin a awm a, hei vang hian official population data a awm rih lo. China chhiarpui neih hnuhnung ber erawh kum 2020 khan neih a ni thung.
India leh China population tehnaah hian UN chuan fertility, mortality leh migration te chu record awmsa, survey leh administrative data te a hmang a ni.
Thil chiang tak erawh India leh China hian mipui 1.4 billion chuang an nei ve ve a, kum 70 chhung chu khawvel mipui hmun thuma thena hmun khat an hauh tawh a. Tuna tehna ang chuan India chu khawvela mipui tamna ber a ni ta a ni.
Nakum atang chuan China population chu tlahniam tura ngaih a ni a. Nikum khan China-ah naupiang 10.6 million an awm a, thi aiin tlemin an tam zawk hlek a, fertility rate nasa taka a tlakhniam vang a ni. UN chuan Chinese population chu a tlahniam zel dawn tia sawiin tun century tawp lamah chuan billion hnuaiah a awm hman thei an ti bawk.
India fertility rate pawh tun hnaiah a tlahniam hle a, kum 1950 chhova nu pakhatin fa 5.7 nei ang a nih laiin tunah chuan tlahniam tawh tak niin mahse India population chu la pung zel turah UN chuan ngaiin kum 2064 vel atangin a tlahniam tan turah a ngai thung.
India-in mipui tam lama China a lehpel chuan awmzia eng nge a neih theih?
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China-in India aiin population titlem chak zawk
China chuan kum 1973 a population punna 2% zah ve velin kum 1983 khan 1.1% velah a tihniam hman a.
Demographers te chuan he mi thleng tur hian China chuan nasa taka hma lain ‘one child’ policy te kalpuiin hei mai bakah hian chhang khat lam sawimawi te chu a bik takin thingtlang lam leh lehkha zir sang lo zawk leh rethei zawkah te a kalpui nasa hle.
Public health lama investment tihnasat chuan hmeichhia te lehkhathiam zawka siamin chu chuan hnathawk theiah a siam nasa a, chu chuan fertility rate a tihniam nasa bawk.
India population erawh independence hnu kum sawm ruk chhungin a let rukin a pung a, kum 1951 a 361 million chu kum 2011 ah meuh chuan 1.2 billion-ah a kai chho dawrh tawh thung.
Century kaltaah khan India population growth chu kum tinin 2% ang vel niin nunna chan an tlem tial tial a, damrei an pung tial tial a, income a sang tial tial bawk. Khawpuia chengte chuan tui thianghlim in tur leh modern sewage tha zawk an nei tawh bawk a. “Tichung chun naupiang an la pung zel tho” tiin Tim Dysoin, London School of Economics a demographer chuan a sawi.
Kum 1952 khan India chuan family planning programme a kalpui tan a, kum 1976 khan a tum khat nan national population policy a nei chauh thung a, khatih lai khan China chuan naupiang tihniam turin theihtawpin hma a la daih tawh thung.
Mahse kum 1975 emergency laia family planning programme uchuak taka kalpuia mi tam tak te naupai thei lova siam luiha civil liberty chhuhsak chuan vantlangin family planning a huai phah tir hle a ni. “Emergency kha thleng lo se leh politician ten ngaihtuah ngunthluk se chuan India a naupiang hi an tlem zawk tawh ngei ang a. Sorkar awm zel ten family planning uluk zawkin an ngaihtuah phah ang” tiin Prof Dyscon chuan a sawi.
East Asia ram South Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan leh Thailand ram ang te chu India aia population programme kalpui hnuhnung daih an ni a, mahse, fertility level an thlen a sang zawk daih a, income tisangin human development lamah pawh India aiin an tawng sang chak hle zawk a ni.
India-in population explosion a hlau tawh lo
Kum 1947-a independence hnuah India chuan population billion khat chuang a neih belh tawh a, kum 40 lo la awm tur thlengin a population la thang tura ngaih a ni bawk.
Mahse, a population growth erawh kum sawm chuang a tlahniam tial tial tawh a, India-in a hlauh thin ‘demographic disaster’ chu a pumpelh chiang ta a ni. Hei vang hian India-in China aia population neih tam a hlauhawm anga a ngaih thinna chu engmah lo mai a ni tiin demographers te chuan an sawi.
Income sang zawk health leh education tha zawk avangin Indian hmeichhiate chuan a hma zawng aiin fa an nei tlem tawh zawk a. India state 22 a 17 ah chuan hmeichhe pakhatin fa pahnih ang zel nei ang an ni tawh.
Pew Research Center te chuan India reama religious group tinte chuan fertility rate tlahniam an nei vek an ti bawk a, chu chu official data lama alandan pawh a ni a. Naupiang chu southern India lamah an tlem ber bawk. “India hi South India lam angin kal se a ni tur a nia” tiin Prof Dyson chuan a sawi a, “thil engkim intluk tlang vek anga chhut pawhin north india lama population sang zel chuan standard of living a tihniam a ni” tiin a sawi.
China lehpelh chuan awmzia a nei thei
Entirnan, India chuan UN Security Council ah permanent seat a neih phah theih a, tunah permanent seat nei ram panga an awm a, chung zingah chuan China pawh a tel.
India-in UN founding member zinga tel niin hei vang hian permanent seat chu a chanvo a ni a ti reng thin. “Khawvel ram zinga mipui ngah ber nih chuan chanvo ngiat theihna a awm a ni” tiin John Wilmoth, director of the Population Division of the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs chuan a sawi.
Mahse India tan chanchin lawmawm tak a awm reng thung. Khawvela kum 25 hnuai lam hmun ngaa thena pakhat zel chu India mi an ni a, Indians 47% chu kum 25 hnuai lam an ni bawk. Indians hmun thuma thena hmun hnih chu India liberalised economy kum 1990 tir lam hnua piang an ni bawk.
Heng Indian thalaite hian danglamna an nei, tiin Shruti Rajagopalan, economist chuan a sawi a. “He young Indians generation te hi consumer lian ber leh economy a knowledge leh network goods tha ber ber an ni ang. India chuan global talent rual a nei a ni,” tiin a sawi.
Chona nasa a awm thung
India chuan a thalai rual tam tak te tan hna a siam ngei a ngai. India a hnathawk rual zingah 40% velte chauhin hnathawh tur an nei emaw thawk duh niin Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) te chuan an sawi.
Hmeichhia tam zawk ten hna an mamawh a, nau neih leh fa enkawl lamah hun tlem zawk hman an mamawh. Nikum October thla khan hnathawkrual hmeichhia Indian 10% chauhin hna an thawk a, China ah chuan 69% in an thawk tiin CMIE te chuana n sawi.
Hei bakah hian migration pawh ngaihtuah tham a ni a, Indians maktaduai 200 vel te chu ram chhungah states leh district-ah an pem kual a, hei hi an pung zel tura ngaih niin a chhan ber pawh hnathawk rual ten an khua chhuahsanin khawpuiah hna an zawn vang a ni.
“Thingtlangah hna a vang a, hlawh a hniam a, hei vang hian khawpuia cheng an pung tial tial a. Migrants te tan hian living standard tha pangngai a awm thei ang em? Chutiang a nih loh chuan slum leh natna nasa zawk a thleng ang” tiin S Irudaya Rajan, migration expert, Kerala’s International Institute of Migration and Development chuan a sawi.
Demographers te chuan India chuan child marriage a tihtawp a ngai an ti bawk a, hma taka inneih titawpin births and deaths register tha taka a kalpui a ngai a. Tun thlenga hmeichhia aia mipa piang tam zawk nasa chu ngaihven ngai an ti bawk.
Kum upa te ngaihven a ngai
Demographers te chuan India chuan kum upa te a ngaihven lo hle an ti bawk. Kum 1947 khan India median age chu 21 a ni a, khatih lai khan kum 60 chunglam chu 5% bak an ni lo. Vawiinah erawh median age chu 28 niin kum 60 chunglam 10% an awm tawh bawk a.
Entirnan, Kerala chu India state zinga naupiang thar tlemna ber niin kum 2001 leh 2011 a population growth chu 4.9% chauh a ni. Kerala a naupiang chu kum 75 dam thleng tura ngaih a ni a, India pumah erawh 69 a ni thung. Chhungkaw tlem zawk leh lehkhathiam an pung a, thalai ten in chhuahsanin ram chhung hmun dangah emaw ram pawnah emaw kalin an nu leh pate an kalsan mai.
UN chuan kum 2023 leh 2050 inkarh chhungin kum 65 chin chunglam chu China-ah a let hnih an pung ang a ti a, India-ah chuan a let hnih aia tamin an pung ang an ti thung. Hei vang tak hian healthcare leh social insurance system tha a ngai reng a ni an ti.
“Hnathawk thei mipui an tlem zel a, kum upa te enkawl an ngaih tam tial tial chuan sorkar tan phurrit a ni dawn” tiin Rukmini S, author of Whole Numbers and Half Truths: What Data Can and Cannot Tell Us About Modern India chuan a sawi a.
“Family structure ennawn a ngai a, kum upa mahni chauha cheng pung zel chu ngaihtuah tham a ni ang,” tiin a sawi bawk.