India ramah a ruala inthlanna kalpui a ni thei dawn em?

India presidnet hlui Ram Nath Kovind kaihhruai High-Level Committee (HCL) September 2023 a Lok Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies leh State tina local bodies tin te a ruala inthlanna neih theih a ni em tih zirchiang tura tih chuan hna chhunzawm zelin HLC chuan political party te, Law Commission leh group hrang hrangte chu an ngaihdan a dil mek bawk.

A bulthut
India inthlanpui hmasa 1952, 1957, 1962 leh 1967 ah te khan Lok Sabha leh State legislative assembly te chu a ruala inthlanna neih a ni a. Mahse, Lok Sabha chu tum sarih lai thiah a nih hnuah leh legislative assembly te a kar laka thiaha a awm tak fo avangin Lok Sabha leh State assembly hrang hrang te inthlan chu in ang lo nuaia neih a ni zui ta a ni.
Kum 2019 khan State pali chauhin Lok Sabha ruala inthlanna an nei a. A ruala ram puma inthlanna neih hi Election Commission of India (1982) leh Law Commission (1999) te pawh khan a lo ngaihtuah tawh.

A ruala inthlan thatna?
A ruala inthlan thatna chu inthlanna senso nasa taka a tlem phahna tur te, governance, administrative lama awlsamna te a ni hlawm. Pakhatnaah chuan Lok Sabha inthlan tumkhatah sorkarin a sum sen chu Rs 4,000 crore vel anga ngaih a ni a. State assembly inthlan tinah pawh State len leh tet a zirin sum tam tak sen a ngai ziah bawk a. Chu chu sorkar sum sen chauh chhut niin, inthlana party leh candidate te sum sen chu puitham tak a ni a. A ruala inthlanna neih chuan inthlana sum sen tam lutuk chu a tihniam ngei dawn a ni.
Pahnihnaah chuan kum tinin State 5-6 vel inthlang ziah ang an ni a. Hei vang hian political party-te mai bakah Minister te chuan ‘permanent campaign’ mode in chu tak chu policy siam leh governance-ah harsatna thlentu a ni thei zawk. Chumi piah lamah Model Code of Conduct chu inthlan hma ni 45-60 inkar chhung velin hman a ni thin a, chumi chhung chuan scheme emaw project emaw Centre leh State sorkarin engmah a kalpui a remloh avangin hmasawnna tur a dal bawk.
Pathumnaah chuan inthlan laiin inthlan chauh ngaih pawimawh bera neih a nih avangin district tina administrative machinery te a muang lo thei lo bawk. Chumai bakah paramilitary forces te chu an awmna atangin State inthlang turah tirhluh thin niin kum tina inthlanna neih chuan administrative efficiency-ah nghawng a nei lo thei lo.
A tawpna berah chuan kum tina State hrang hranga high-stake election neih reng chuan intlana chak tum party te chu a then hrang nasa thei hle. Tunlaiah phei chuan social media awm tawh nen India multi-religious leh multilingual nihnaah khi leh kak a siam nasa em em tawh a ni.

Harsatna awm thei?
Inthlan rual chuan thatna a neih laiin democratic leh constitutional mita thlir chuan thatlohna a nei tho bawk.
India chu federal ram niin State tinte chuan harsatna an neih a in ang lo va, an danglamna a awm vek bawk. Union leh State sorkar te chuan thuneihna leh mawhphurhna hranpa Constitution in a duansak an nei vek bawk.
A ruala Lok Sabha leh State assembly te inthlanna neih a nih chuan regional leh State specific issue te ngaihthahin a awm thei dawn a, National political party te chuan regional party te aiin advantage an nei hle zawk dawn bawk. Chu tak chu India federal spirit leh Constitution structure kalhna a ni dawn a ni. Inthlanna chu thuneitu sorkarte an that leh thatloh hrilha feedback mechanism tha tak a ni bawk a, chung electoral feedback te chu Central leh State sorkar tena policy siam nana an hman a ni fo thin a, inthlan chu kum nga dana neih zel a nih chuan chu chu a nghawng ngei dawn a ni.
A ruala inthlanna neih a nih dawn chuan constitutional amendment siam ngei a ngai dawn a. India chu parliamentary democracy a nih angin Centre leh State te chuan Lok Sabha leh Legislative Assembly ah majority an neih a ngai a. Rorel hun chhung chu kum nga a ni a, chumi hma pawhin majority hloh a nih chuan sorkar chu thiah theih a ni a. Council of Minister thunei mekte pawhin inthlan that hma duhin sorkar chu an thiat thei bawk.
State legislative assembly te chu Article 356 hnuaiah President’s rule a dah theih a ni bawk a. Lok Sabha leh State assembly te hun chu kum nga fixed bur a nih dawn chuan Article 83, 85, 172 leh 174 te Lok Sabha leh legislative assembly hun chuhng leh thiah dan inziahna te chu siamthata constitutional amendment siam a ngai dawn a, hei bakah Article 356 chu amendment siam ngai a ni bawk ang.

Rawtna lo awm tawh te
Law Commission (1999), leh Parliamentary Standing Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law and Justice (2015) report chuan a ruala inthlan chungchangah rawtna an lo siam tawh a.
Law Commission chuan kum 2018 khan draft report a thehlut tawh nghe nghe a. Chutah chuan Lok Sabha leh State assembly zahve vel chu a tirah a ruala inthlan tir phawt ni se, a thawh hnihnaah a la bang zawng state te chu kum hnih leh a chanve hnuah inthlan tir ni se, chu mi tur chuan State assembly thenkhatte hun chu tihtawiin a awm a ngai dawn emaw pawhsei hret ngai a awm dawn thung. Lok Sabha emaw State Assembly a ‘no-confidence motion’ kalpui a nihin sorkar thar a pian nan ‘confidence motion’ kalpui ngei ni bawk se, loh theih loh avanga Lok Sabha emaw State Assembly emaw thiah a nih chuan House dinthar chuan original House hun chhung chauh a awm tur a ni bawk a. Chu chu MP leh MLA tena a hun hmaa House thiah an nawr loh nana tih a ni a, member te ah House thiah aiin ruahmanna danga sorkar thar piantir dan an zawn theih nan tih a ni bawk a. Thihna emaw ban emaw avanga bye-election a awm dawnin chung te chu nghahkhawma kumkhat chhunga neih ni se tih a ni bawk.

Eng nge ideal solution?
Tun dinhmunah chuan aruala inthlanna neih chungchangah political party ten sawihona mumal a huhovin an la nei lo. Awm ang thei ber chu Lok Sabha inthlan cycle khata neiha State assembly a ruala tum khatah Lok Sabh inthlan hnu kum hnih leh a chanve a neih pawh theih a ni a, by-election chu aruala kum khata neihho theih a ni bawk