RAMNGAW HUMHALH (Green Mizoram pualin)

By Dr. Vanlal\anpuia
Govt. Aizawl North College
A kamkeuna:
Mizoramah hian ramngaw humhalh inzirtirna hi sorkar leh pawl anga hmalaknain hun rei deuh tawh atanga kalpui tan, vawiin thlenga kan la chhunzawm zel a ni a. Theihtawp chhuah mah ila awmzia a nei thui lutuk hrih lo a ni mai thei, kan ramngaw neih zauh zawng erawh kum telin a zim chhoh zel piah lamah a chhiat leh that (quality) lam tehnaah pawh that lam aiin chhiat lam a pan zel niin a lang. Hengte avang hian kan ramngawte hi awmze nei zawka humhalh dan kan zawn a, kan inzirtir a, that lam pan ngei tura theih tawpa hma kan lak a ngai a ni. Sorkar chauh ni lo, khawtlang leh mimal tepawn tih tur kan nei ve a ni tih te pawh kan inzirtir thar a ngai takzet a ni.
Ramngaw humhalh tul chhan :
Ramngaw humhalh hian tul riauna chhan pawimawh tak tak a nei teuh mai a. Kan sawi vek sen dawn loh avangin a then a zar chauh tarlang ila. Ramngaw hi kan hriat thin tawh angin mihringin nunna atana kan hman boruak (oxygen) min siam saktu a ni a, lo thlifim zeltu a ni bawk. Ruahtui ko haw theitu leh lo khawlkhawmtu tangkai ber, tuihna siamtu a ni. Tin, lei kal ral tur lo venghimtu tangkai ber niin leimin tur te vengin chhiatna lakah min chhanhim thei. Chu bakah chuan khawvel lum zel tur venghim theitu a ni bawk a, sik leh sa awm dan inthlak danglam nasain chhiatna a thlen theih hrang hrangte laka min venghim theitu a ni bawk. Heng kan sawi bak pawh hi sawi tur tam tak a la awm thei awm e.
Kan ramngaw ten humhalh an tul em em na chhan mithiamte zirchianna han tarlang tel i la. Ramngaw leh a kaihhnawih chungchang zirna lama India innghahna Forest Survey of India chuan ramchhung hmun kilkhawr ber thlenga ramngaw dinhmun an zirchianna bu thar ber  State of Forest Report 2021 an tih chhuahah chuan Mizoram chuan kum 2019 kum nen khaikhinin kum hnih chhung lekin  ramngaw 186 sq.km lai a hloh hman a. Tin, kum 2007 atanga vawiin ni thlengin kum tin kan ramngaw neih zauh zawng a zim hret hret zel tih tarlan a ni bawk. State of Forest Report 2021 hian a tarlan zel danin  ramngaw  dinhmun chhe zel  piah lamah ram kang mai thei dinhmuna ding zat  tarlangin  kan ram hmun zaa thena hmun 2.03 (2.03%) chiah hi kan hlauhawm lo (Less fire prone) a ni a, kan hlauhawm zual bik (Highly fire prone – 18.91%, Very highly fire prone – 49.73%, Extremely fire prone – 26.28%) hi 92.92% lai kan nei a, kan hlauhawm dinhmuna ding tho, mahse tlema ziaawm deuh (Moderately fire prone) hi  3.05% kan nei bawk. Chumi awmzia chu kan ram hmun zaa thena hmun 98 vel (97.97%) lai hi kangmei lakah a him lo hle tihna a ni, Chu chuan ramngaw chhah tha tak kan neih tlem tawhzia a tarlang a. Tin, Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in ram leilung dinhmun zirchianna bu an tih chhuah Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas-a Mizoram dinhmun an tarlan dan chuan  kum 2003-05 chhunga zirchiannaah 4.55% ( 958.73 sq.km) chiah ram leilung chhia/chereu (Degraded land) hmuh a ni a, a hnu kum 2011-13 zirchianna ah a let deuh thaw a tam hmuh niin, 8.89% (1874.53 sq.km) hmuh a ni leh a, kum 2018-19 ah phei chuan 13.08% (2758.27 sq.km) lai a tling tawh a ni. Heng zawng zawngte hi han zirchian chuan kan ramngawte hi kan hmuh leh hriat phak piah lamah hian an dinhmun a lo derthawng tak zet a, awmze nei zawka humhalh leh renchem taka kan hman a tul tak zet tih a ti chiang awm e.
Mizoram ramngaw dinhmun tlangpui:
India rama ramngaw zir chiangtu lian ber Forest Survey of India (FSI) in kum khat dana an tih chhuah lehkhabu State of Forest Report- in a tarlan danin Mizoramah hian ramngaw khuh chin 1987-ah zaa sawmkua leh pakhat vel (90.56%) ni kha a hnu kum sawm (1997) ah chuan tlahniam hretin zaa sawmriat leh pakua vel (89.06%) ramngaw kan nei. Tin, kum 2007-ah chuan ramngaw khuh chin a zau leh hret a (91.26%), a hnu kum sawm (2017) ah erawh za a sawmriat leh paruk vel (86.26%) ah a tla thla leh a, report hnuhnungber 2021 ah phei kha chuan za a sawmriat leh pali vel (84.53%) ah a tla thla leh bawk. Kum 1997 atanga 2007 inkar khan ramngaw khuh chin zau zawng hi pung chho angin lang mahse, a hnu lamah erawh ramngaw khuh chin hi a zim chak hle. Tin, kum 2003 atanga hman tan ramngaw then hrang pathum te zir chian chuan ramngaw te hian that lam pan lovin chhiat lam pan an lo nireng zawk mai! Ramngaw chhah tha tak (Very Dense Forest), a bikin thinghmun te hi tlem tlema pung angin lang mahse a punna a tlem em em a. Mizoram hmun zaa thena hmun khat pawh kan nei tawh lo (0.74%) a ni. Thing leh mau inpawlhna hmun (Moderately Dense Forest) a kiam telh telh a. Tin, Mau, Rairuang leh changel (Open Forest) hmun te pawh a kiam chho ve hret hret bawk. Hei hian a tarlan chian em em chu kan ramngaw tha tak tak te hi changel leh rairuang hmunah an chang chho zel a, mihringin awmna hmun atan leh hmasawnna hnathawhna atan a kan ram luah chin a zauh zel bawk avangin kan ramngaw neihte kan ti chereu nasa tial tial tihna a ni.
District hrang hrangte dinhmun:
Mizoram district hrang hrangte ramngaw neih dan dinhmun tlem azawng han thailang ve leh zuai i la. Tunhnai lawka Disaster Advance Journal (Oct, 2022)-in an tihchhuah (Vanlaltanpuia et al. Vulnerability level of forest degradation in Mizoram:A spatio-temporal density analysis) ah chuan kum 2005 atanga 2019 chhunga Mizoram district hrang hrangte ramngaw neih dan leh ramngaw chereu zel hlauhawmna hmun zirchiannain a tarlan danin Siaha district chuan ramngaw chereu zel hlauhawm lamah pakhatna a hauh chiang hle a. Champhai leh Kolasib ten dawtin Lawngtlai district chu ramngaw chereu zel hlauhawm lamah pathumna a ni phak bawk. Aizawl leh Lunglei chu tlemin an ziaawm deuh a, Mamit leh Serchhip te chu ramngaw chereu zel tur lakah an la him deuh bik nia tarlan a ni. A chhan chu an district chhungah sorkarin ramngaw humhalhna hmun zau tak tak a neih vang a ni awm e. Chutiang ni lo se chuan an sang bik kher lo mai thei. Siaha leh Lawngtlai district-ah te hian mizoin Rampui chang tha tak (Very Dense Forest) kan tih ang hi kum 2005 atang khan hmuh tur a awm tawh lo! Tin, Kolasib district-ah pawh 2005 atanga 2017 chhung khan hmuh a ni lo a, vanneihthlak takin kum 2019-ah khan 1.24 sq.km a lo insiam hman. Lunglei district lamah pawh a insiam pung hlei thei lo a, kum sawm kalta chhung khan 1 sq.km bak a pel thei lo! Ramngaw la tha ve tak (Moderately Dense Forest) kan tih ang hi Aizawl district-ah a chereu nasa ber a, Mamit, Lunglei leh Kolasib district- te a chereu nasa zual an ni bawk. Chu chuan Mau, rairuang leh changel hmun (Open forest) nasa takin a tipung bawk.
Ramngaw chhiat chhan tlangpui:
Mihring pung chho zel avanga chenna hmun zau zel leh ram hmasawnna in a ken tel ei leh bara hmasawnna ruh rel dinna avanga ram mamawhna avangin kan ramngaw neih tha tak tak eng emaw zat chu tih chereu an ni a. Kan ramngaw neihte chhiat chhan bulpui ber erawh kum tina lo neihna hmun sawn (shifting cultivation) vang hi a ni awm e. Kan pi leh pute atanga kan lo chin, vawiin thlenga a thlakna tur tha zawk kan la inhrilh hriat theih si loh ei leh bar hmuh nana kum tina lo neihna hmun sawn (shifting cultivation) hian nasa takin ramngaw a ti chhia a. Lo neihna hmun bik chiah a ti chhia a ni mai lova, a bul vela ramngaw awm ten kangmei nasa tak an tawrh phah ve thin avangin ramngaw ti chereutu bulpui ber a ni. Lo hal leh Ram kang hian kan ramngaw neih that te a ti chhe nasa em em a, Environment and Forest Department, Govt. of Mizoram Statistical Cell-in an chhinchhiah dan chuan November 2020 atanga May 2021 chhung khan  Mizoram hmun hrang hrangah lo hal leh ram kang hmun 4486-ah thlengin 141.53 sq.km lai a awh a ni. Tin, January atanga May, 2022 chhung khan hmun 2969-ah lo hal leh ram kang a thleng a, 81.02 sq.km lai a awh leh bawk. Kum tin hian ramngaw zau tham tak kan ti chhe ziah a ni.
Tin, Ramngaw atanga mamawh kan lak thin tam takte kan mamawh bak aia tam lain sum siam nan kan hmang nasa chho tial tial a, hei hian kan ramngaw hlutna (quality) a ti tlahniam nasa hle bawk. Keimahni hman tur Thing kan zai te, tuah thing atana kan lak te leh chawhmeh leh thildang ramngaw atanga kan lak te hi chuan nasa taka ramngaw chhiatna a thlen lem loin a hriat. Mahse, kan hman khawp bak sum siamna tura thing kan zaitir te, mau sah te, meihawl rawh te, thingtuah tur lak vak vak te leh ramngawin min pek chawhmeh leh thildang atana kan hman thin duham taka hralh leh tura kan lak thin te hian nasa takin kan ramngaw hlutna a ti tlahniam a, a chereu chhan pawimawh tak a tling phak a ni.
Ramngaw humhalh dan tur:
Ramngaw humhalh dan hi ram hrang hrangah a kalhmang leh tih dan a inang vek thei lo a, mahse a tlangpui erawh a danglam tam lo. Tun tuma kan sawi tur pawh hi Mizorama kan hlenchhuah theih tur awlsam leh sorkar puihna tel kher lo pawha pawlho leh mimal ten kan tih hlawhtlin theih tura beisei te an ni.
Tlangram lo neih ni lo eizawnna dang bulfuk neih: A tir lama kan sawi tak ang khan, tlangram lo neih, kum tina insawn kual ngai hian ramngaw a tih chereu nasat em avangin ei leh bar zawnna kawng dang kan dap thiam a pawimawh. Khawvel changkanna mila eizawn dan kawng kan thlak chhoh hret hret a tul a ni. Kum tina insawn lovin huan nghet neih a, kan thil chinte thar tam tir theih dan kawng kan zawn a pawimawh. Tin, thalai lehkhathiamte tan phei chuan ramngaw ti chhe lo zawnga eizawnna kalpui tur tam tak a awm tawh a, chungte chu kan zira, taimakna nen hlawhtling ngei tura kan kalpui thiam a pawimawh em em a ni.
Khawtual mite huapzo ramngaw humhalh kalpui: Kan sawi leh tur hi saptawng chuan Community based Forest Management an ti a, Mizote hian kan pi leh pute hun, Lal an la neih lai atang daih tawh khan hlawhtling takin an lo kalpui tawh a ni. Hun eng emaw lai atang khan kan inthlahdah a, chu chuan ramngaw humhalh kawngah mipuiten tih tur kan neihte min theihnghilh tir a a ni. Sorkar hmalakna thenkhat avang te pawhin mipuiten tha kan thawh tlem tial tial niin a lang. Tunhnaiah erawh mipuite kan thangharh leh mek a, ramngaw humhalh kawngah khua leh veng tin mai kan intihhmuh chho leh mek niin a hriat a, hei hi thil lawmawm leh intihhmuh chhoh zel atan a duhawm hle. Sorkar leh a hnathawkte ringawtin kan ramngawte hi humhalh leh ven sen a ni lo va, a neitu mipuiten tha kan thawh a, kan humhalh hian awmzia a nei lehzual em em a ni. A tichiang em em tu chu, Sorkar enkawl ramngaw huam chhungah chuan mi tam takin a rukin an duh leh mamawh te, an mamawh loh thleng thleng pawhin lak an hreh lo tlangpui thin. Khua/ Veng/ YMA/YLA enkawl ramngaw humhalh chhungah erawh chuan tumahin suahsual rawng an bawl ve ngai lo, neitu nihna an in chantir ve tlat avangin humhalh leh enkawl kha an tih turah an dah tlat mai zel thin.
Kangmei laka fimkhur : Kangmei hi kumtin maia kan ramngaw tha tak tak te meivapa chantirtu leh rambua a siamtu a ni a. Tin, ramsa leh rannung tam takte thihna thlentu a nih bawk avangin kan ven fimkhur angai tak zet a ni. Kan rama kangmei chhuahna langsar tak chu lo hal vanga mei chhuak a ni awm e, Mei lam/ Mei kawng sial that tawk loh avanga chhuak a ni thin. Hei vang hian lo kan hal dawn a nih pawhin tha takin, sorkar duh dan thlapin mei kawng kan sial thin tur a ni. Hei bakah hian, ram lama hnathawk leh kal thin ten ngaihtuah mang lova meizial bung paih ringawt te kan sim a ngai. Tin, kuthlei thiltih a ram hal vak mai tepawh kan chin loh atan a tha tak zet. Kan eirawngbawlna mei/thuk tepawh uluk taka tih mih hnua kalsan chauh tur a ni. A chung lama kan tarlan tawh ang khan, Mizoram hmun tam zawk mai pawh ni lo, hmun tin deuh thaw hi kan hlauhawmah kan ding tih hria in, kangmei laka kan ramngawte a him theih nan theih tawpa tan kan lak a ngai a ni. Fire & Emergency Services Department, Govt. of Mizoram in an chhinchhiah dan chuan tunhnaiah ramkang a nasa hle a, 2017 ah hmun 46-a kangmei chhuak chhinchhiah kha 2018-ah chuan hmun 56-ah a pung chho a. 2019-ah hmun 82 ah pung chho lehin 2020 ah chuan hmun 131 laiah ramkang chhinchhiah a ni. Tin, kum 2021-ah phei kha chuan hmun 199 lai maiah ramkang chhinchhiah a ni. Hei hian kangmei laka kan ramngawte venhim an tulzia a ti lang chiang hle awm e.
Thingphun leh ramngaw awmsa venhim : Ramngaw humhalhna kawnga pawimawh tak mai pakhat chu thingphun hi a ni awm e. Kan ramin a ngeih leh a lo awmsa te nena tha taka puitling thei tur thing erawh kan thlan thiam a pawimawh. Hemi kawngah hian kan mithiam zawkte thurawn lak tepawh a fuh ang. A nih loh chuan kan thing leh mau neihsa kan ram mila Pathian min pek te hi kan tichhe vek thei a ni. Ramdang thing tha an tih kan lo phun ve ringawt hian kan rama lo awmsa te tan harsatna a thlen ve thei tih hriat a pawimawh. Thil pawimawh leh duhawm ber zawk chu kan rama tualto thing leh mau te hi anmahni awm ang ang hian puitling leh thei se tih hi a ni. Mithiamte zirchianna atanga a lan danin kan ramah hian ruahtui leh ni eng kan hmuh that avangin ramngaw insiam thar leh turin kum tam tak nghah kher a ngai lo va, kan khawih buai loh chuan kum 10 atanga 15 velah chuan a mahin ramngaw hi lo a neih leh tlak khawpin a in siamtha leh hman an ti. Rampui chang tha tak insiam hman lo mahse lo a tana neih leh tlakin a ram leilung a lo insiam tha hman an ti a ni.
A tlangkawmna:
Pathianin tlangram nuam takah ni eng leh ruah tui dawng tha em em in, siktui thiang, thlifim leh ram hring mawi em em mai, mana lei tur nise lei zawh rualloh khawpa tam malsawmna in min vur a. Nuam kan ti lutuk nge ni ang kan malsawmna dawn zawng zawng te hlutna chhut duh leh chhut nachang hria erawh tlem te an ni. Ka thei ta ber emaw tiin kan malsawmna dawn kan rohlute dimdawina awm miah lovin kan duh lam lama hmangin sum deh chhuah nan renlo baksakin kan ti ri ral a. Tuna kan ramngaw neih that, kan la khawih chhiat nasat loh te hi kan humhalh that loh emaw renchem taka kan hman loha a zawh duak chuan, tun anga thaa indin leh tur chuan kum 100 dawn a ngai tawh ngei ang. Tin, kan ramngawte kan tih chereu nasat zel chuan ramsa leh rannung, Pathian thilsiam dangten an tuar anga, mihring ten kan tuar chhunzawm nghal bawk ang. Ramngaw hi mihring ten kan mamawh em em leh, kan nunna hnar an ni tih hi chu hrilh nawn hran kan ngai tawhin a rinawm lo. Mahse, duat a enkawl leh venhim kawngah erawh nasa taka tan lak kan ngai thung a ni. Muangchangin kan ti riral tial tial a, kan rin loh laiin kan hmang zo phut mai dawn a ni. Chu hun a lo thlen hunah chuan ‘Chhemdamthli’ kan tih te hi mumang emaw kan ti tawh anga, ‘ruahtui thatna ram’ chu hmun khawro a lo chang tawh ang. Mit hah chhawkdamtu ramngaw hring nghulh mai awm thinna te chu an lo uk dum khek khuk tawh anga, kan tlang tin mai hi a ro kawlh vel vul tawh bawk ang. Heng zawng zawng pumpelhna kawng awmchhun leh kan thlah kal leh zel turte tana ram nuam siam turin kan ramngaw te hian duat leh ngaihsak a, venhim an mamawh tak zet tawh a ni tih hria in sorkar, pawlho leh mimal ang pawha hmalak hi kan tih makmawh a ni tih hria a hma la turin kan insawm a ni. Pathianin kan