Chief Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud, five-judge constitutional bench kaihruaituchuan karkalta khan mipa leh hmeichhia kan ngaihdan ‘serh atanga thlei bur’ theih a ni lo tiin Centre in dan anga inneihna chu ‘biological man leh biological female’ te inlaichinna a ni tur a ni a tih a chhanna a ni.
Chief Justice chuan Centre chuan ‘value judgement’ a siam a ni tia sawiin ‘mipa bur emaw hmeichhia ni bur emaw a awm lo’ tia sawi bawkin a nu leh a pa thliarna chu mihring serh neih atang ngawta teh ngawt theih a ni lo a ti bawk.
Supreme Court hian gender (a nu leh pa thliarna) chungchang sawihona siamin hei hi India rama neih inang same-sex marriage remti tura ngenna a ngaihtuahna kal zel a ni bawk.
Chief Justice thusawi hi social media a nasa taka thehdarh niin nasa taka troll-in a awmzui a ni.
-- Advertisement --
Hearing neihnaa thil thleng?
Solicitor General Tushar Mehta, Centre aiawh ding chuan dan heng pecial Marriage Act te chuan neih inang lo (heterosexual) te ‘biological man leh biological woman’ te chauh a pawm a, biological gender chu chu gender putu dinhmun chu a ni a ti bawk.
Solicitor General ngaihdan hi hnialin Chandrachud chuan, “Mipa emaw hmeichhia nihna bur hi a awm hauh lo. Zahmawh te hi mipa emaw hmeichhia nihna tichiangtu a ni lo, chu aia khirhkhan zawk chu a ni. Special Marriage Act in ‘mipa’ leh ‘hmeichhia’ a tih hian mipa leh hmeichhiate chu an zahmawh neih hmanga inthliar a tih ngawt theih loh” tiin a sawi.
CJI thusawi hi hnialin Solicitor General chuan ‘biological man tih hian a zahmawh neih a kawk a ni’ tia sawiin chu tawngkam erawh hman a hreh em em thu a sawi thung a. CJI ngaihdan ang hian court-in mipa leh hmeichhia tihchianna behchhan a siam a nih chuan dan tam tak te chu hmantlaklohin a awm ang a ti bawk.
Senior advocate AM Singhvi, petitioner aiawha ding chuan ‘same-sex marriage’ chu thumal zim tak a ni tia sawiin mawngkawhur inkawp te court in inneih phalna a pe a nih chuan chhia leh tha puitling te ‘bodily gender leh sex spectrum’ a pawmna a ni ang a ti.
International covenant leh foreign rama ‘sex’ leh ‘gender’ an sawifiah dan
International expert tena meeting an neih hnuah November 2006 khan Yogyakarta, Indonesia ah ‘Yogyakarta Principles on the Application of International Human Rights Law in relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity’ tih chu tihchhuah a ni a. Hetah hian gender identity leh sexual orientation te chu sawifiah niin hei tak hi Supreme Court in Navej Singh Johar v. Union of India a thuremna a siamah pawh Supreme Court-in thuktaka a behchhan chu a ni bawk.
‘Sexual orientation’ chu mihringin a rilru puthmang, ngainat leh sex thil taka a it, a kawppui leh sexual relation a neihpui, gender dang daih emaw a gender pui emaw gender pakhat aia tam a ngainat/kawp theih tia sawi a ni a. ‘Gender identity’ thung chu chungrila mimalin gender nia a inngaihna a pian tirah mipa emaw hmeichhia emaw anga an dahna ang ngawt ni lo ama inngaihdan niin chu chuan zalen taka ama duhthlanna ngeia medical, surgical emaw thil dang hmanga a taksa landan pawh a siam danglam theihna, a inthuam dan, tawngdan leh chetlak dan pawh a duh anga a kalpui theihna tih a ni bawk.
Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and combating violence against Women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention) chu gender defition sawifiahna international human rights document hmsa ber a ni a. He Convention Article 3 chuan gender chu ‘vantlangin a siam, chetdan, hawiher leh vantlangin mipa leh hmeichhia tih atana mawia a ngaih’ tiin a sawi.
Kum 2015 khan Malta ram chuan Gender Identity, Gender Expression, and Sex Characteristics Act siamin chutah chuan ‘gender espression’ chu miin a gender identity a duhdan a kalpui leh lailan emaw midang tena an pawm dan chu a ni mai a ti a. Heta gender identity hi Yogyakarta Principles nena inmil a ni.
Supreme Court-in tun hmaa ‘sex’ leh ‘gender identity’ a sawifiah dan?
Kum 2007 khan Supreme Court chuan Anuj Garg v. Hotel Association of India inkhinnaah zu hralhna hmuna hmeichhia te hnathawh khap chu cinstitution kalh tiin a nuai bo a, ‘stereotype morality kalpuina’ tia sawiin sex behchhana inthleibikna a ti.
Court chuan traditional cultural norms avangin hmeichhiate chu hnathawk lo zawkin an awm phah mai thin zawk a ni a ti a, hei vang hian State te chu sex behchhana inthleibikna nuaibo a nih theih nana hmala turin a ti zui bawk a.
Kum 2014 khan National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) v. Union of India inkhinnaah Supreme Court chuan right to gender identity pawm bawkin, transgender te chuan medical re-assignment tel kher lovin mipa, hmeichhia emaw transgender pawh an inti thei a ti tawh bawk a. Court chuan right to life, dignity leh autonomy chuan miin a duh ang gender identity emaw sexual orientation a neihna right chu a humhim a ni a ti bawk.
Court chuan sexual orientation chungchangah mipui nawlpui tena hriatna leh pawmna an la neih chauh thu sawiin, “Miin gender identity a neih duh chu a fundamental right to dignity a bet tel tlat a ni a. Gender tih hian miin a inhmuh dan bakah a identity a bet tel tlat a ni bawk a. Hei avang hian dan anga gender identity pawm hi Constitution a right to dignity leh freedom guaranteed huam chhunga awm a ni,” tiin Court chuan a sawi bawk.
Court chuan mihring chu a pian veleh mipa emaw hmeichhia emaw tia nemngheh a ni thin a ti a, mi thenkhatte chu mipa emaw hmeichia pianphung nei mahse mipa emaw hmeichhia physiology nei siin an awm thei a ti bawk a.
Article 15 leh 16 hnuaia sex behchhana inthliarna chungchang sawiin ‘sex’ tih chuan biological sex mipa emaw hmeichhia emaw chauh a huam lo, mipa emaw hmeichhia nia inngai te pawh a huam tel vek tiin a sawi bawk.
August 24, 2017 khan nine-judge bench of the Supreme Court chuan Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India inkhinnaah right to privacy chu fundamental rights a ni tia sawiin chu chuan mimalin sexual orientation a duhthlan a huam a ti bawk.
Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018) a five-judge bench of the Supreme Court chuan mawngkawhurna dan pawna hnawlna hlipin Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) a nuaibo bawk a. He thuremnaah hian ‘sexual orientation’ chu Yoyakarta Principles milin a kalpui bawk a ni.
Supreme Court in same-sex marriange chungchang a ngaihtuahna hi la kalpui mek zel a ni.