Hnamzia, Dan, Kristianna

Laiu Fachhai

Dan (court/dan rorelna) leh Kristianna tih te hi chu sawi fiah ngai loah ngai ila. Saptawnga “culture” an tih hi Mizo tawng chuan “hnamzia” tiin a dah theih awm e. “Tradition” leh “custom” an tih hi “tihthinzia” ti ila a tum a thelh lutuk lo ang chu maw. Mithiamte chuan “language is culture” an ti a, hnamzia chu tawng a ni e, tih a kawk a ni, hnamzia chu tawngah a inphum a, tawng atangin hnamzia a lan avangin. Hnamzia leh tihthinzia te hi mihringin a zir nungchang khawsazia a ni e, an ti bawk a. A awmzia chu, hnamzia leh tihthinzia te hi mihringin a zir thei thil a nih avangin, inthlak danglam lo (static) a ni lo a, inthlak reng (dynamic) a ni. Zofate chi hrang hrang hnamzia leh tihthinzia te pawh a inthlak nasat tawhzia chu tlang hriat a ni, thanks to Kristianna, urbanization, globalization leh India, Myanmar, Bangladesh, etc khua leh tui nihna te.
Hnamzia leh tihthinzia te hi static ni loa dynamic a ni hi a tha. Chutichuan hnamzia leh tihthinzia tha lote chu kalsan leh thansanin hnamzia leh tihthinzia thar leh tha te zirin hma kan sawn zel thei dawn a ni. Chutih laiin Mizorama Congress sawrkar khan “The Mizo Marriage, Divorce and Inheritance of Property Act, 2014” a siam a, kan sawrkar hrawn mek ZPM sawrkar hian, chu dan chu siam thain “The Mizo Marriage and Inheritance of Property (Amendment) Act, 2026” chu Assembly House ah a pass a. He dan hlui leh dan thar te hian inneihna leh rochun thua inthlak danglam reng Zofate hnamzia leh tihthinzia te chu customary law (dan) angin a nemnghet (codified) a, dan amendment siam hma zawng chu inthlak tawh loh turin a ruahman ta a ni.
“The Mizo Marriage and Inheritance of Property (Amendment) Act, 2026” dan thara sawi hlawh ber chu Amendment of Section 2-a “This Act applies to all marriages where both the parties belong to the Mizo tribe or where the male member of the marriage belongs to any Mizo tribe” tih hi a ni awm e. Heng thu hi Advocate JC Lalnunsanga, Advocate-on-Record, Supreme Court chuan Feb 26, 2026-ah tiang hian Mizo tawngin a post a: “Dan siamthat hian inneihnaa mipa leh hmeichhia chu Mizo tribe (hnam) an nih ve vein emaw, inneihnaa a mipa zawk Mizo tribe zing a mi a nihin a huam. ‘Mizo’ tihin a huam chu mi tupawh a pianna atanga Mizo ni emaw, a pa chu eng Mizo tribe emaw ber zing ami a nihin a ni a, dan ang taka falakte pawh a huam.”
Kan Chief Minister zahawm takin bill putluh laia, “Inneihna zawng zawng kha mipa hmeichhia a huap vek khan siam a ni a. Tuna kan danin a huap tura hi chu a hmeichhia leh a mipa mizo ni a huap ang a. Tin a mipa zawk mizo a nihin a huap ang a, hmeichhia chu a huap tel tawh dawn lo a ni. Kan hmeichhia ten hnam dang an neih khan an mizona a tawp tawh dawn a ni a. An faten tribal an nihnate an claim thei tawh lo ang a. Kan dan hnuaiah hian an awm tawh dawn lo tihna a ni,” tia a sawi kha mak tih hlawh ber leh hmeichhiate, a bik takin hnamdang pasal nei Mizo hmeichhiate, rilru tina bertu chu a ni awm e. Hemi chungchangah hian Advocate JC Lalnunsanga bawk chuan, “He dan hi inneih, inthen, rokhawm chungchang relna tura dan a nih avangin Mizo nihna bo leh bo loh te, tribal nihna chungchang sawina dan a ni lo a. Mizo nihna te, tribal nihna te chu a thu leh hla azir zelin chutiang atana dan awm sa hmang chuan ngaihtuah tur a ni ang. Hemi chungchanga inhnialna awm thei a nih chuan thutlukna siamtu chu High Court/Supreme Court a ni a. He dan thar hman tur avanga lungawih lohna pawh court-ah a kal theih reng a ni,” tiin a sawi fiah a, hei hi thil kal dan tur chu niin a lang.
“The Mizo Marriage and Inheritance of Property (Amendment) Act, 2026” dan hian ADC area te a huam lo ang tih a ni a, chutih laiin Chief Minister zahawm takin House-a a comment atanga a lan danah erawh chuan, ADC area-a awm Mizote chuan an duh chuan an hmang thei tih a ni. “ADC area-a awm Mizote” hi tute nge an ni tih leh bill chhunga thu dangte leh Chief Minister sawizauna dangte chu hun dangah tuihnih tur atan dah ila. He article-ah chuan hnamdang pasal nei Mizo hmeichhiate leh an faten an Mizo nu leh pa leh pi leh pu te ro an luah theih tawh loh tur chungchang hi sawi kan tum ber dawn a ni.
Mizo hmeichhiain hnamdang pasal a neih chuan, chu hmeichhia chuan a nu leh pa ro a luah thei lo ang a, a fate pawh Mizo an ni thei lo ang a, a fate chu Mizo an nih loh avangin an Mizo pi leh pu te ro an luah thei lo bawk ang, tih dan hi ngaihtuah chian chuan, pi leh pu te hun laia hnamzia leh tihthinzia ai pawhin a khauh zawk tawh a ni. He dan hian hnamdang nupui nei mipate a huam ve tlat si lo a, chuvangin kan sawrkar Inpuiah hian mipa lalna (patriarchal & androcentric) hnamzia leh hnam thliarhranna (racism) rilru put hmang te a inphumzia a hring a hranin a lo lang a ni. Chuan non-Mizo “hnamdang” tih hian eng hnamte nge a huap tih pawh sawifiahna awmin a lang lo. Non-tribal Vai, Sap, African, Chinese, Korean, Burmese, etc chauh nge a huap, kan chhehvela hnamdang – Khasi, Garo, Naga, Arunachal hnamte, Kok Brok, Bodo, Karbi, Chakma, etc – tribal hnamte hi a huap tel ve em, tih pawh sawi fiah a ni lo.
Tunlaia India leh khawvel ram hrang hrang te leh kohhran ten mipa leh hmeichhia intluktlanna (gender equality) leh hnam zawng zawngte intluktlanna (racial equality) te chawisâng leh tihlârnaa hmalain hma pawh a sawn tawh hle laiin Mizoram sawrkar erawh chuan hmanlaia mipa lalna patriarchal khawvelah khan min kirpui leh a tum em ni, tih theih tur dinhmunah kan awm a ni. Gender leh racial equality chawisângtu tur leh kalpuitu tura ngaih sawrkar berin hmeichhia leh mipa thliar hrang a, hmeichhiate rahbehna (gender discrimination & oppression) leh hnam thliar hranna (racial discrimination) dan a han pass tlat mai chu, kumzabi 21-na democracy leh human rights ngaipawimawh tura ngaih sawrkar thiltih atan chuan a hun tawh lo leh a awm lo hle chauh ni lovin, tunlai khawvela hetiang dan han pass mai chu, chhim lam kan tih dan takin, khawvel dangte hmaikhap a har dawn hle. Kan sawrkar hrawn mek hian, hetianga dan khauh tak a siam hi tha leh dik a tih vang nge, vote bank tihlawm tumna zawk nge tih pawh ngaihtuah tham a tling a ni.
Chu loah pawh, customary law hi dan anga khauh taka kalpui theih chi a ni lo tih hi hriat a pawimawh hle. Tunlai Mizoramah hian nupui/pasal inneih danah te, rimawi leh hla phuah leh sak danah te leh thil tamtakah pipute hun laia an tih thin ang khan kan kal tawh lo. Chu chu dan bawhchhiatna a ni e, tiin hrem kan ni dawn em ni? Ni lul lo ve. Chu loah pawh, customary law chuan gender leh racial equality a do a, mihring pianpui chanvo (human rights) a palzut a nih chuan, court-in, a bik takin High Court leh Supreme Court ten an tan a rinawm loh. Court chuan gender leh racial equality leh human rights lam hawiin thutlukna a siam a rinawm.
Pi leh pute hun lai khan hnamdang pasal nei an lo awm ve thin a. He article ziaktu’n a article hmasa, “Hnam dang nupui/pasal neih: Mara tawnhriat” tih thupui hmanga a ziah tawh ang khan, hnamdang pasal laka an fanu/farnuin a neih a fate chu, eng emaw thil avanga an pu te khua leh ram lam rawn let a, chutah chuan awm hlen tawh tura an thlang a nih chuan, an pu hnam za-a za an zawm thei a ni. An pu ro pawh an luah thei. An khuami ten an pu chu, “Khatiang khan i ti tur a ni lo” tiin lal court-ah an khin hriat a ni lo. Anmahni mi leh sa nihna lak tawh an tute chu duat takin an pawm a ni. Mizoram phei chu mihring kan tlem a, inneih pawlhna (mixed marriages) hi kan population tihpun theihna tur kawng pakhat chu a ni ve. Chutih rual chuan a tam zawk chu mahni hnam ngei an nei zel ang. Inneih pawlh atanga lo piang fate pawh Mizo tawng hmanga Zofa nihna an lak duh zawk a nih chuan, inchimral hlauhna tur a awm lo. Chimral tawngkam kan hman dawn chuan, keiniin anni kan chimral tihna a ni zawk dawn a ni.
Ngaih pawimawh tur dang leh chu hei hi a ni. Mizoram hi Kristian majority state kan nihna hi theinghilh loh a tha hle. Hnamzia leh Kristianna inrem lo lai a awm chuan, Kristianna chu a chungnung zawk tur a ni. Chumi avang tak chuan hmanlai pi leh pu te hun laia hnamzia leh tihthinzia tamtak te chu kan kalsan tawh a ni. Hnamzia leh tihthinzia thate erawh chu hmang chhunzawm a, tihseilen tum bawk ila. Isua Kristaah chuan hmeichhia leh mipa te, chi leh hnam hrang hrang te, social class hrang hrang te kan inang vek a ni. Hmeichhia leh mipa te hi Pathianin amah anpuia a siam ve ve kan nih avangin (Genesis 1.27), Pathian Fapa Kristaah chuan Judai mi leh Grik mi, bâwih leh mi zalen tih leh mipa leh hmeichhia tia thliarhranna te awm tawh loin kan intluktlang vek tawh a, kan zain pumkhat kan ni tawh a ni (Kalatia 3.28). Hemi avang tak hian ni, tunlaia Kristian nu leh pa tam takte chuan, fapate chauhin nu leh pa ro luah thinna hmanlaia hnamzia leh tihthinzia te kha awm tho mah se, an fanute pawh ro an chun zel tawh a ni. Fanu pakhat chauh neih nupa te makpa chu hnamdangmi lo ni ta se, an dam loh lai leh an upat hnua anmahni duattu leh enkawltu an fanu duat leh an makpa leh an tute chu an ro an chun theih lo ang maw? A nunrâwngin a va lungchhiat thlak dawn ve!
Ni e, “The Mizo Marriage and Inheritance of Property (Amendment) Act, 2026” hi chanchinbu, social media, podcast, YouTube, TV, Assembly House, political party office, election campaign, NGO, court leh camera ah te thenkhatin hleihluaka an fakna leh thenkhat tan, a bik takin hmeichhiate tan, tah hla an sakna te chuaiin a chul hunah chuan, an fanu, farnu, tute (fanu leh farnu fate) hnenah ro chun theitu tur nu leh pa thu thu a ni leh mai dawn a ni. Hnamdang pasal nei hmeichhiate chu an Mizo nihna a bo ang tia sawi awm kha chu, a bo theih lohzia leh a bo loh tur thu sawi fiah a ni tawh a, sawi nawn ngai loah dah ila.
Tribal hmeichhia-in non-tribal pasal lakah fa a neihte chu, Supreme Court-in tribal hamthatna an dawng thei a ti chung pawhin, keini an pu leh pi ber ten kan phal ngang lo a nih chuan le, ni e, tribal hamthatna public property chungchang chu thu hran ni sela, an nu leh pa, pi leh pu private sum (ro) erawh chu an nu leh pa leh pi leh pu te thu thu a ni. Hnamdangmi an falak, an thian leh awmpui felte mah an neih sum pek duh an awm a nih chuan, an thisen – an fanu, farnu, tu leh fate – chu an pe duh hlei hlei ang chu, an farnu/fanu chu hnamdang pasal neih a nih pawhin leh an farnu/fanuin hnamdangmi laka a neih fate an nih pawhin. Khingtu an awm pawhin court-ah thiam a chang tho a rinawm, amah private sum a nih tlat avangin. A private sum chu a duh duhin a hmang thei a, a sem thei si a. Hei hi hmanlai pi leh pu te hun laia tihthinzia a ni a, tunlaia Kristianna nen pawh an kal dun tha hle.
A tawpah chuan, hnamzia leh tihthinzia (culture, custom & tradition) te hi chu dana siama khauh tak leh nghet taka codified ai chuan, zalen tak leh zau taka hnamzia leh tihthinzia-a a awm thin ang leh a inthlak reng thin ang hian a awm chhunzawm zel a tha berin a lang. Inneihna leh rochunna hnamzia leh tihthinzia te hi dan khauh tak siam a, dan anga engkim tih kan tum a nih chuan, hnamzia leh tihthinzia (culture and custom) a nihna a bo theih tur chauh ni lovin, chhungkua inlaichinna leh inhmangaih tawna tha leh nghet te tlahniam zelin, tlawmngaina te pawh a dal zel a hlauhawm hle. Chu loah pawh, entirnan, pipute hun laia hnamzia leh tihthinzia-ah chuan lal fanu leh lal hnam hmeichhiate chu an man leh mual a sang deuh a, “The Mizo Marriage and Inheritance of Property (Amendment) Act, 2026” ah erawh chuan tam takin tha kan tih loh Central sawrkarin Uniform Civil Code kalpui a tum nen hian inanna lai a awm a ni. Chuvangin customary law nihna a thelhna lai a awm tlat a ni. Thikthu chhiat luatna lamah kan hnamzia leh tihthinzia te humhim aia hlohna zawk a nih theihzia hria a, he dan thar hi fimkhur taka kalpui a pawimawh hle.