Lai-Mara, Shendu leh Zo(Maraic group) chungchang

J.Miahlung

Zo hnahthlak, Chin-Kuki-Lushai hnam zingah Lai(Pawi)leh Mara(Lakher)hi hnam ziarang(culture), leh tih dan phung(custom) inhnai ber pawl an ni mai thei. Incheina a inan bakah chi(clan) engemawzat intawm, tawng erawh hrang daih si an nihna lai hi mi tam tak mak tih chhan pawh niin a lang.
Tun hnai khan Mara literature leh history tana sulhnu tam tak lo hnutchhiah tawhtu Rev. Laiu Fachhai chuan Mara leh Lai inlaichinna lam hawi article bengvarthlak tak mai a ziak a. Rev Laiu article in a sawi tum ber nia lang chu Lai leh Mara chu thlahtu (Ancestor) thuhmun ni mah se an awm hranna a reih tawh avangin an tawng leh culture pawh a dang tawh hle a, Mara chu Lai chi peng ni lovin Lai nen unau zawk an ni tih hi a ni awm e. |awng chungchangah, Mara leh an chipui hmana Halkha-Thantlang lamin Zo tia an koh te tawng chu Kuki Chin hnuaiah peng hrang (Maraic branch) angah hmer khawm an ni a. Language branch hran an nihna hian Mara chu Lai chi peng a nih loh zia a nemnghet niin Rev. Laiu chuan a ngai bawk a ni.
Lai leh Mara chungchangah hian pawm dan leh hriat dan inang lo a awm nual a. British officer leh ethnologist tam zawkin hnam khat(one ethnic group) angin ngai mahse Lai-Mara scholar leh historian te zingah ngaihdan a thuhmun theih chuang lo a ni. Lai-Mara history, a bik takin an inunauna chungchanga thu inchuh awm thin zingah Shendu chungchang hi a langsar ber pawl a ni a. He article ah hian Shendu chungchang bakah Zo leh Lai inkungkaihna tlem a zawng sawi tel kan tum ang.
“Shendu” awmzia
Tunhmain Arakan leh Chittagong tlang mite chuan Pawi-Lakher hnamte chu Shendu tiin an ko thin a. Shendu tih hi Khumi hoin hmar lam atanga anmahni zuk run thintute an kohna tawngkam “Shentu” emaw “Samtum” emaw atanga rawn chhuak nia ngaih a ni. Ziak thenkhatah chuan kawl(Burmese)ten Burma tlang mite chu Shan hnam nen an inan avangin “Shan ho ang mai” an ti thin a, he tawngkam atang hian Shendu tih hi a rawn chhuak nia tarlan a ni thung.
Tunhnaia Lai chanchin ziaktu thenkhatin Shendu chu Lai sawina bik nia an ziah laiin Mara chanchin ziaktu tam zawk chuan Shendu in Mara chauh a kawk niin an ngai ve thung a. Zau zawka colonial record leh ethnographer te thuziah zirchian erawh chuan he ngaihdan chi hnih te hi a dik lo ve ve tih kan hre theih. Hemi chungchangah hian sawi tel ngai awm erawh chu Lai chanchin ziaktute chuan Lai emaw Laimi chhungah hian Mara hi an khung tel thin tho tih hi a ni.
Colonial ethnographer leh administrator te thu ziah hrang hrangah Chittagong hmar chhak, Lushai(Kuki) leh Haulawng chenna atanga chhim lam ram luahtu, Chittagong leh Arakan tlangmite chu zuk run fo thintute sawi nan “Shendu or Poi” tih tawngkam hman a ni deuh zel a. Hman lai Pawi leh Lakher mipate kha chhip lama sam zial; incheina leh hnam ziarang inhnaih tak, thenhran hlei theih loh an ni avangin an chanchin hre hmasatu colonial administrator te khan hnam khat anga ngaiin Shendu emaw Pawi emaw tiin an hmerkhawm mai thin niin a lang. Entirnan, T.H. Lewin chuan “ Wild Races of South East Asia” ah chhip lama sam zial thin Shendu, Bawmzo leh Khumi te chu Poy ti niin Shendu chu Lusei tawng chuan ‘Lakher Poy’ tih a ni thu a lo ziak tawh a. Arakan hill tract superintendent lo ni tawh thin WG. Hughes pawhin “The Hill Tracts of Arakan” ah chuan Arakan hmar chhakah British sawrkar awpna hnuaia awm lo, hnam chak leh ralhrat tak Shandoo emaw Poi an awm thu sawi in, Shendu chi peng (sept)sawm pahnih zingah Hakha leh Thantlang, tuna Lai anga hriat ni ta te chu a tam ber niin a lo tarlang ve tawh bawk a ni.
Shendu chi peng-Lai, Mara leh Fanai:
Chittagong leh Arakan lama official-te te thu ziah bakah Lushai hills lama Lushai chanchin ziahna thenkhat atangin Shendu hian Lai leh Mara a huam ve ve tih kan hre theih. Entirnan, ‘Lushais at home’ (Journal of Oriental Research, Vol 32,1903) ah chuan Pawi tia hriat, Muallianpui (Fanai), Thantlang, Lakher, Hakha leh a dangte chu Shendu anga hmerkhawm an ni thu a inziak a. “ The Lakhers” ziaktu NE Parry chuan Shendu chu Lakher a kawh tir deuh em aw a tih theih rualin Shendu in Pawi leh Lakher dik tak(Purely Lakher tribe) a huam thu a sawi ve leh tho a ni.
Chin-Lushai Expedition hma leh a hnua British sawrkar official document hlui thenkhat atang pawhin Shendu hian Lai leh Mara a huam ve ve dan chiang takin kan hmu thei a ni. Entirnan, kum 1882-a Tlabung tlang dunga Thanglua lal Lalchheuva khua runtu Muallianpui Fanai leh Lungtian Chinzah tangrualte chu chittagong hill tract thuneitute chuan Shendu angin an chhinchhiah a . He inrun chungchang chipchiara an ziahna “ Administration report on Chittagong Hill Tracts Frontier For 1881-82” ah chuan Lalchheuva khua runtute chu Shendu chi peng Muallianpui emaw Khawtindala khua te leh Hausata kaihhruai Shendu lian zawk(Great Shindoo) tangkawp an nih thu tarlan niin Shendu ral hian mi 29 that in, mi 99 salah an hruai haw a ni.
Shendu chu Lai leh Mara hnam a hlawma hmer khawmna hming a nih zia a chianna entirna dang awm leh theih chu 1888 kum tir lama Shenduhoin Chittagong phai tual an run fo avanga Bengal sawrkarin Shendu rama sipai tirh luh a tum laia Chittagong District Superitendent of Police, C.S.Murray report a “ Lungtian tlanga khawsa Hausata leh Jahuata te chu Shendu/Poi dik tak niin, Shendu hnam hian Bawm, Lakher leh Pawi a huam a. Muallianpui(Fanai)hote pawh Shendu atang thoa rawn zi chhuak an ni” tia tarlan kha niin he report atang hian Shendu chu tuna Lai leh Mara inti tate a hlawma kohna hming(exonym)a nihzia kan hmu a ni.
Zo(Maraic) leh Lai chungchang
Kum 2009 khan Kuki-Chin tawng zirbingna kawnga hriat hlawh Keneth Van Bik leh a thawhpuite chuan Mara nena tawng in unau, heng Zophei(Zyphe), Lautu(Lutuv), Senthang leh Zotung te chu Maraic branch tia vuahin Kuki Chin hnuaiah tawng chhungkaw hrang angin an dah a. Maraic branch hnuaia tawng chi ngate zingah hian Mara nena inhnaih zual, then hran hlei theih loh Lautu leh Zyphe(tun hmaa Vuangtu tia hriat) te chu Mara hnuaiah dah an ni.
Maraic hi tawng thliarhranna(classification) chi khat mai a nih laiin a chang chuan hnam thil(ethnicity) nena inkaihhnawih anga sawi a ni ve tho. Lai chanchin ziaktu thenkhat (Entirnan, Pu Liachin) chuan “Zo” chuan hnam(racial) hming ai mahin ram bung(area) sawina tawngkam a kawk zawk niin an sawi a. Chin lo neih danah ram vawt (Zoram) hmuna lo chu “Zo lo” tia sawi niin ram lum(Chim ram)a lo chu “Lai lo” tih a ni thin. Vai len vawihnihna hun laia sipai doctor, A.S.Reid chuan “Chin-Lushai Land” ah Zophei biala tlang pakhat Zovailangtlang chanchin a ziahnah Yo(Zo)chu Haka chhim lam bial sawina niin Vai chu hmar lam sawina a ni thu a lo ziak tawh a ni.
Chin chanchin ziaktu FK Lehman chuan,“Structure of Chin Society” ah Hakhaho chuan an awmna atanga chhim lama chengte chu an aia changkang lo zawk nia ngaiin “Zo” tiin an ko thin a, chung ho chuan Zo tih tawngkam chu duh lovin Lai an in ti a, an aia thlanga cheng te chu Zo tiin an ko ve leh chhawng a ni a ti. Lehman thu ziah atang hian “Zo” chu hnam khat unau zingah chung nung zawk emaw chang kang zawk emaw nia inngaihten a hnuaihnung zawk emaw a changkang lo zawk emaw anga an ngaihte an kohna hming mai a ni ti ila a dik thei mai awm e.
A nihna takah chuan Lai ziding Hakha leh an thenawm Zo(Maraic group) te hi tawng tih loh a dang zawng – hnam(clan), culture leh custom a inang deuh vek a, hnam hrang anga ngaih theih an ni chiah lo. A chhan chu culture leh custom a inan deuh vek bakah Zo tia koh zingah Zyphe, Senthang leh a dang te chuan Lehman sawi ang deuhin Lai an inti ve tho va, Zypheho phei chu an lal te Hakha Zathang lal thlah deuh vek an ni bakah Hakha nen an awmna a inhnaih avangin hmanah chuan Hakha hnam anga ngaih an lo ni tawh thin a ni. Mizoram, MADC area huamchhungah erawh chuan Zyphe(Vuangtu)tawng hmangte chu Mara hnam peng chi khat anga ngaih an ni.
Hakha(Lai)leh Maraic tawng te hi tunhnuah hian hrang ta viau angin lang mah se, hmanah kha chuan tawng inhnaih tak an ni a rinawm. Chin-Lushai expedition hun laia Haka political officer, D. Ross chuan a diary(24.04.1890)ah Hakha chhim lam khaw hrang hrang a tlawhna chanchin a ziak a. Lautu khua Hnaring an tlawh laiin an lal te nen an inbiaknaah Hnaring tawng leh Hakha tawng chu a danglam lutuk lo niin a ziak a. Fk Lehman thu ziah pakhatah chuan 1962 a Hakha(Lai) tawng a zirchianna atangin “Haka leh Lakher a danglam tak em na chhan chu tunhnua Haka tawng thluk dan danglam(sound shift) vang a ni a, hmanah chuan Hakha leh Lakher chu inhre pawh tawn theih an ni” tiin a lo sawi tawh a. Lehman a hmuh dan ang deuh chiahin German ethnologist Loffler chuan Mara tawng hmasa(Old Mara)chu Lusei leh Lai nen inhnaih a nih thu a lo ziak ve tawh bawk a ni.
A chunga British officer leh ethnographer thenkhat te thu ziah leh sap hun laia lehkha hlui vawn that (colonial source)thenkhat kan tarlan tak atang khian kumpinu sawrkarin Zofate min awp hma leh min awp hnuah pawh min hre hmasatuten hnam khat anga an ngaih,tun hnuah hnam hrang(different tribe) anga an rawn chhuah tak na chhan hi tam tak a awm theih ang a. A chhan langsar zual zingah Indian danpui hnuaia mahnia inrel bawl theihna, political institution(Sixth Schedule hnuaia ADC) leh article 342 hnuaia hnam hrang anga in chhin chhiahna(Schedule tribe recognition regime) te hi an ni thei ang.