By Prof. Vanlalchhawna
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Sawrkar hian sum indaihlohna phuhruk nan ramdang leh tualchhung atangin sum an puk thin a. India danpui Article 293-ah hian state sawrkarte sum puk dan tur tarlan a ni. State sawrkar hian India ram chhung atang chauhvin sum an puk thei a; sawrkar laipui hi state sawrkar sum pukna hnar pawimawh tak a nih bakah state sawrkar tan ‘guarantor’ah a tang thei bawk. State sawrkar hian sawrkar laipuiah leibat a neih chuan sawrkar laipui remtihna lo chuan sum a puk thei lo bawk. Ruahmanna fel tak nen sum puk thin a ni. Covid hripui leng avangin state sawrkarin sum lamah harsatna namenlo a tawk a; hei hi ruahmanna fel tak nena hmachhawn a nih loh chuan leiba khur thuk takah a tlak luh theih a ni. Mi tinin sawrkar sum kalhmang hriatchian deuh deuh hi a pawimawh hle. Tun tumah hian state sawrkar leibat chungchang tawi deuhvin tarlan tum a ni.
INERNAL DEBT OF THE STATE
Internal Debt hian financial market atanga puk te, sawrkar laipui Financial Institution atanga puk te, RBI atanga mamawh tlachawp puk (Ways & Means Advance/Overdraft) leh National Small Saving Fund (NSSF) behchhana puk te a huam a. Hengte hi Public debt tih a ni bawk. Financial market atanga puk hi ‘State Development Loan (SDL)’ tih a ni. Government bond/security hmanga puk a ni. Heng ‘bond’ te hi RBI kaltlanga lilam (auction) thin a ni. A pung hi kum khatah vawihnih pek niin, kum 10 hnu-ah a vaiin rulh tur a ni bawk. Pawisa pukna him ber te zing a mi a ni. A pung pawh Bank rate aiin a sang zawk a. SDL hi Commercial Bank, Mutual Fund, LIC etc ten an lei thin. Financial market atanga puk theih zat hi bituk fel tak a awm thin.
Sawrkar laipui Financial Institution atanga sum puknate chu NABARD te, National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC) te, Power Finance Corporation Ltd. te, Rural Electricfication Corporation Ltd te, LIC leh HUDCO te an ni. A pung pawh a tlangpuiin a hniam. Department puala puk a ni a; State sum bawm pui atanga rulh a nih vangin a puktu department ten a rulh leh kawngah mawh an phurh lo. An hman tangkai loh chuan state tan hlohna nasa tak tling thung.
RBI atanga sum puk dan hi hlawm hnih Special Drawing Facility (SDF) leh Ways and Means Advance (WMA) ah then theih a ni. Mizoram sawrkarin WMA a puk theih zat hi Rs vbc 191 a ni; ni 90 aia rei a puk theih loh. RBI sum hi puk a, rulh a, puk leh mai thin a ni. Hemi atan hian RBI nen inhriatthiamna thuthlung (MoU) ziak a ni. SDF hi Government Security te, Consolidated Sinking Fund leh Guarantee Redemption Fund behchhanin puk a ni a. SDF hmangin sum hi puk phawt thin a ni a; a bak hi WMA hmangin puk zui thin a ni. Ni 90 chhunga rulh theih loh a awm chuan ‘Overdraft’ tih a ni. Overdraft hi ni 14 chhung neih theih a ni; thla thum chhungin ni 36 chhung Overdraft theih a ni. RBI atanga puk te hi a pung nen rulh leh vek tur a ni. SDF pukna pung a hniam ber a; overdraft pung hi a sang ber thung.
NSSF hi sawrkar laipui leh state sawrkar sum pukna hnar pawimawh tak pakhat a ni a. NSSF hnuaiah hian dakin sum dah chi hrang hrang te, saving certificate leh Social Security Scheme hrang hrang te a huap a. Heng sum tlingkhawm behchhan hian State sawrkar ten sum an puk thin.
SAWRKAR LAIPUI A|ANGA PUK
Planning Commission hun laiin State sawrkar te chu Plan tanpuina chi hrang hrang pek an ni thin a. Plan tanpuina hi hlawm hnih ‘grant’ leh ‘loan’ ah then a ni a; special category state te hi grant zaah 90 loan zaah10 angin a kal a, State dang hi zaah 30 grant leh zaah 70 loan a ni thung. Twelfth Finance Commission khan ‘loan’ hi titawpin, state sawrkarte chu financial market atanga puk tura tih an ni. Hei bakah Central Plan Schemes leh Centrally Sponsored Scheme atan puk thin a ni bawk. Ministry of Finance hnuaiah hian ‘medium term loan’ leh ‘Ways and Means Advance’ puk chang a awm thei bawk.
Tunlai hian Externally Aided Project (EAP) atan chauh sawrkar laipui sum hi puk a ni awm e. EAP hi hmasawnna ruhrel siamna pawimawh tak a ni. State sawrkarin ram dang atangin sum a puk ve thei lova; Sawrkar laipui kaltlangin World Bank, ADB, JICA etc atang ten a puk thin a ni. Project sum zaa 20 hi state sawrkar tum tur (counter-part funding) a ni. Zaah 80 hi loan a ni thung; hei hi Central sawrkarin-in zaah 90 leh State sawrkarin zaah 10 a intum sem leh a ni.
FREE INTEREST LOAN
Covid hripui hnuaiah state sawrkar sum dinhmun a chhiat tak em avangin sawrkar laipui chuan state sawrkar tan rotling thil siamna lama hman tur bik atan loan pung awm lo (interest free loan) kum 50 chhung puk theih tur a ruahman a. Hei hi ‘Special Assistance to States for Capital Expenditure’ tih a ni. Kum 2020-21 khan he scheme thar hi hman tan a ni. He mi kum hian hlawm hrang pathumah then a ni a. Hlawm khatna chu India hmarchhak leh tlang ram state tan dah hran a ni. Hmar chhak state 7 hnenah Rs vbc 200 theuh pek an ni a; Assam hi a len avang leh mihring an tam avangin Rs vbc 350 pek a ni thung. Hlawm hnihna-ah hian state dang pual dah a ni thung. FC-15nain sawrkar laipui chhiah insem dan tur ruahmanna (formula) a siam zul zuia pek a ni. Hlawm 3-na hi reform behchhana pek tur a ni thung. Reform hrang hrang hmalakna tur te chu One Nation One Ration Card te, Ease of Doing Business Reform te, Urban Local Body/Utility leh Power Reform te a ni. State 11-in hlawm 3-na hnuaiah hian sum thahnem tham tak an dawng hlawm a ni.
He scheme hi kum 2021-22-ah Part-3 na lai hi tidanglamin chhunzawm zel a ni a. State sawrkar-te tih tur ‘reform agenda’ chu Privatization te, PSU disinvestment leh sawrkar in leh lo suma chantir (monetization of asset) te a ni. Kum 2022-23 hian sum hman dan tur tihdanglamin, hlawm hrang tam zawkin thendarh a ni. State hrang hrangte chan tur hi FC-15-nain state chhiah semzai dan tur ruahmann zul zuiin siam a ni a. Mizoram chanvo tur cheng vbc 400 lai a ni. Part -II ah PM Gati Shakti atan ruahman a ni a; part-III hi PMSGY atan dah a ni thung. Part-IV hi Digitization lam atan hman tur a ni. Part V-na hi Optical Fibre Cable atan ruahman a ni a; Part-VI sum hi Urban Reform atan hman tur a ni thung.
PUBLIC ACCOUNT ATANGA PUK
Public Account hnuaiah hian sum chi hrang hlawm nga dah a ni a. Chungte chu (i) Small Savings, Provident Fund and Other accounts, (ii) Reserve Funds, (iii) Deposits and Advances, (iv) Suspense and Miscelleneous leh (vi) Remittance te an ni. Public account hnuaia sum awm te hi State sawrkar sum ni lovin, mimal leh department sum, state sawrkarin a kawl sak te an ni hlawm. State sawrkar hi ‘banker’ angin a awm tihna a ni. A pung hi state sawrkarin a pek tur a ni bawk. Provident Fund hi sawrkar hnathawkte dah a ni, a pung nen an pension hunah pek tur a ni. Reserve Funds hi a pung nei leh nei lo a awm bawk. State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) leh State Compensatory Afforestation Fund te hian pung an nei a; Consolidated Sinking Fund (CSF) leh Guarantee Redemption Fund (GRF) te hi pung an nei lo thung.
Deposit leh Advance hi state department, court, security deposit leh local fund hrang hrang atanga dawnte awmkhawmna a ni. A pung awm leh awm lo chi te an ni hlawm. Advance hi Sawrkar officer ten tul leh mamawh atana hmanchawp sum an kawl ang chi te a ni bawk. Suspense leh Remittance hi sum dah lailawkna hmun a ni thung.
Public Account hnuaia sum loh (balance) awm te hi State sawrkarin a hmang thei. Mi thenkhat chuan Public Account hnuaia sum dah pung nei chi te hi state sawrkar kuta dah lova, sum leh pai enkawl thiam (professional manager) te kutah dah a tha zawk ang ti an awm a. Hei hi ngaihtuahna tha tak a ni awm e.
STATE LEIBAT TLINGKHAWM
March 31, 2021-a state leibat tlingkhawm hi Rs vbc 9881 a ni a. Internal debt tlingkhawm hi zaah 46 vel a ni a; sawrkar laipui atanga puk hi zaah 5 vel chauh a ni thung. Public account hnuaia leibat tling khawm hi a tam ber a, zaah 49 lai a tling. State sawrkar tan leibat him chin bituk thiam a harsa hle. Ram chhung ei leh bar, sum leh pai dinhmun hrisel leh hrisel lohvin kawngro a su hle. Leibat tlingkhawm hi State sum dehchhuah (GSDP) atanga chhutin zaah 34 lai a tling. Finance Commission 15-na chuan State GDP atanga chhutin zaah 31-30 tal ni se a ti a.
Public debt punna hi state sum dehchhuah punna aiin sang lo se tih a ni a. CAG Report tarlan danin kum 2020-21 hian state leibat than chak zawng hi zaah 24.72 a nih laiin GSDP (current prices) hi zaah 15.62 chauh a ni thung. Sawrkar sum puk punna zat (interest rate) hi chawhrualin zaah 9 vel a ni. Kum tina leiba pung rulh nana sawrkar senso hi sum hmanral (revenue expenditure) atanga chhutin zaah 5 vel a ni. Sum puk zaah 60 vel hi rotling thil siam nan a hman theih a; a bang zaah 40 hi sum indaihlohna (revenue deficit) phuhruk nan hmanral niin a lang.
TLANGKAWMNA
Sawrkar hian ram tan rotling thil siam nan sum a puk thin a. Ruahmanna fel tak nena sum hi puk a nih chuan hmasawnnan a tangkai a; mipui tan a hlu em em a ni. State sawrkar hian sum harsatna lian tak a hmachhawn mek a. |hal lai tuikang nghah ang maiin nghah khawl loh chuan sawrkar sum hman mai tur hi a awm thei ta lo niin a lang. State sawrkar hian sum renchemna kawng a zawn a, sum hmuhna tur a dap thiam a ngai hle. State sawrkar hian sum duh tawk hman tur a nei ngai dawn lova, sum awm chhun te hi hman tangkai thiam a pawimawh em em a ni. Sawrkar sum puk te hi a pung nen rulh leh vek tur a ni a. Tun dinhmunah chuan sawrkar leiba a pung thur thur a; ram tana rotling thil siam nan a hman tur a tlem tual tual thung niin a lang. Hei hi ram tan a pawi hle. Sawrkar sum renchem thiam, sawrkar sum tihpun dan hria, leiba tihniam thei leh sawrkar sum tangkai taka hmang thiam ram hruaitu Mizoram hian a mamawh hle.