May 16 khan Tamil Nadu-a Chengalpattu, Villupuram district-ah zu chhe in avangin mi 22-in nunna an chan a, midang 30-te chu damdawi inah enkawl mek an ni.
Tamil Nadu-ah hian zu chhe in avanga nunna chan an tam tawh hle a, Tamil Nadu mai ni lo India state hrang hrangah zu chhe in avanga nunna chan puk pukna a thleng fo mai a.
Tamil Nadu hi zu khapna a ni lo va, zu zawrhna hmun 5,300 chuang awmin State-in a thunun vek a ni a, chutih laiin zu zawrhna hmun 500 te chu khar tum mek a ni thung.
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Zu in chi?
Zu ina ruih theihna azirin a danglam hle a – tuirila zu ruih theih tak tam leh tlemin a hril hle. 5% atanga Beer 12% thleng te pawh a awm a, zu pangngai thlitfim tawh hi 40% te a ni tlangpui a. Heng zu kan tiha alcohol te hi ethanol a ni tlangpui a. A awmzia ber chu ethanol chu psychoatic drug niin in chuan taksaah neurotransmission level tihniamin chu chuan ruih theihna a siam ta a ni ber.
A tawk chauha zu in a tha tia sawi a awm laiin World Health Organization thung chuan ‘mihring taksa tan zu him chin a awm lo’ a ti hmiah thung a. Zu in tam phei chuan a lova awm theihlohna a thlen a, chu mai bakah cancer leh heart disease te siam theiin nunna chan phahna chhan tam tak thlentu a ni.
Ethanol (C 2H 5OH) hi carbon atom pakhat hydrogen atoms pathum inzawmkhawm leh carbon atom dang pakhat inbelhbawm a ni a, carbon atom pahnihna chu hydrogen atoms pahnih ten inzawmin hydroxyl group, ion OH a siam bawk a. Taksa chhunga a luh hnuah thinah mai bakah pumpuiah alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes chu acetaldehyde ah a inlet a. Chutah aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes chu acetaldehyde chutah acetate-ah a inlet leh a ni.
Zu in vanga nghawng chhia awm hangover atanga cancer thlengin hengte hi acetaldehyde in a siam a ni.
Zu chhia chu eng nge?
Zu chhia tih hian liquid mixture methanol pawh tel sawina a ni a. Zu siamtu ten industrial-grade methanol te chu factory atanga leiin chu chu an hralh ta thin tiin an sawi a.
A tlangpuiah chuan zu siam thenkhatte chu a tichak turin methanol telh thin a ni a emaw tihpun nana telh thin a ni.
Food Safety and Standards (Alcoholic Beverages) Regulations 2018 chuan zua methanol telh phal chin a siam a. A tam lam chu a inang lo nuai thung a, coconut feery-ah te chuan telh loh tur a nih laiin country liquor angah chuan litre 100 ah 50 grams, pot-distilled spirit ah chuan 100 litres ah 300 grams te telh phal a ni.
Methanol chu eng nge?
Methanol molecule (CH 3OH) ah hian carbon atom pakhat leh hydrogen atoms pathum te hydroxyl group siama inbelhbawm a ni.
Schedule I of the Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules 1989 ah chuan methanol hi a tel a. Indian Standard IS 517 chuan methanol quality hi bithliah a siam a, Tamil Nadu Denatured Spirit, Methyl Alcohol, and Varnish (French Polish) Rules 1959 pawhin methanol packaging signage kalpui dan tur a sawi bawk.
Methanol siam dan awlsam ber chu carbon monoxide leh hydrogen te chu copper leh zinc oxides te nen pressure 50-100 atm ah 250 degree Celcius a siam a ni. Pre-industrial era ah khan ancient Egypt hun lai chuan thing meisa taka ur hmangin an siam thin.
Methanol te hi industry thilah hmanna a tam hle a, acetic acid, formaldehyde leh aromatic hydrocarbon lam thlengin hman a ni a. Hei bakah hian antifreeze atan te pawh hman a ni a. Methanol siam leh dahthat danah dan mumal deuh a awm vek a ni.
Zu chhe in vanga nunna chan?
Zu chhe in tih hian methanol vang a ni a. James Manor, emeritus professor of Commonwealth Studies, University of London chuan, “Zu chhe in avanga thihna India rama thleng kum 1945 hnuah methanol vang vek a ni” tiin a sawi. Mihring taksaah hian methanol, tlem thei kan ei avang tein 4.55 ppm vel a awm vek a. Mahse, puitling chinah pawh pure methanol 0.1 ml lek in palh pawhin thihna thlen thei a ni.
Methanol taksaa a luh hnu chuan thinah ADH enzyme ah lutin formaldehyde (H-CHO) a siam a. ALDH enzymes formaldehyde a insiam chuan formaldehyde (H-CHO) a siam zui a ni. Formic acid tam lutuk hian metabolic acidosis a siam zui a, acidosis chuan acidemia siamin thisen pH normal value 7.35 aia hniama a awm tawh chuan a acidic lutuk tawh thin a ni.
Blood pH chu acid, heng carbon dioxide ang te leh bicarbonate ion (HCO 3–) tena inmil tawka a siam a ni a. Mahse metabpolic a awm tawh chuan bicarbonate chu a tlahniam tihna niin acid chu a tam tial tial tihna a ni bawk.
January 2022-a Archives Toxicology a paper tihchhuah chuan methanol lakluh tam lutuk chuan ‘methanol-induced optic neuropathy…mitdelna te mai bakah optic nerve chhia te a thlen thei’ a ti.
Hei vang hian methanol chu ram thanglai meka society hnufumte tura hraina awlsam tak tia sawi a ni bawk a. Methanol-poisoning chuan cerebral edema, haemorrhage leh thihna hial a thlen thei bawk.
Methanol-poisoning enkawl dan
Methanol-in mihring taksa a luh tawh chuan paih chhuak leh turin hun mamawh a ni. Darkar 48 hnuah pawh 33% vel taksaah a la chambang tih a ni a.
Methanol poisoning enkawl dan chi hnih a awm a; pakhat chu ethanol pek vat a ni a. Eathonal chu methanol nen ADH enzymes-ah chhungnun an inchuh a ethanol chu a let 10 velin a chak zawka ngaih a ni a. He mi hmang hian methanol chu formaldehyde-a a chang tur a veng a ni.
A dang leh chu antidote chikhat fomeziple pek a ni a, a kal dan a in ang reng a, ADH enzymes chet lak dan timuangin chu chuan taksain formaldehyde a pekchhuah tichakin chu chuan a veng thei ta thin a ni. Fomepizole hi chu a man a to a, pharmaceutical-grade ethanol te erawh damdawi thiamte enkawlna hnuaia pek tur a ni thung.
Hei bakah hian healthcare workers te chuan taksa atanga methanol leh formic acid salts te paih chhuak turin leh kal leh retina te a tihchhiat loh nan dialysis an ti bawk thin.
Hei bakah hian folinic acid pek thin a ni bawk a, formic acid chu carbon dioxide leh tuiah kehdarh turin a pui thin bawk a. Fomepizole leh folinic acid te hi WHO-in a pawmpui ve ve an ni bawk