By S. Rolianthanga
Khatla, Ph – 9436141536
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India Independence kum 75-na pualin AZADI KA AMRIT MAHOTSAV (India Zalenna Hlimawm Kutpui) denchhenin India ram hmasawnna tur programme chi hrang hrang, Central Sorkar chuan nikum atangin kumin thlengin a la kalpui chho reng a ni. Kei pawh kum 75 lai Pathian hruaina leh awmpuina te avanga ka lo thleng ve thei hi ka lawm tak meuh a. Ka tawn hriat leh zofa ten kan hriat chian ve atana thil tul nia ka hriat, INNER LINE RESERVED FOREST LEH RAMRI tlangpui han tarlan ve ka tum a ni.
1. FOREST ACTS LEH FOREST POLICY OF GOVERNMENT OF BRITISH – INDIA
Tahrik Ni 3rd August, 1855-ah khan Lord Dalhousie, Governor General of India chuan Permanent Policy for Administration of Forest in India tlangpui, Memorandum (Charter of Indian Forestry) a duang a, chu chu Scientific Conservation of the Forest atan hmalakna hmasaber a ni. Kum 1864-ah India Sorkar chuan Forest chu Sorkar rohlu tak a nih avangin vawnhim a ngai a, tangkai leh daihzai taka hman a tul a ni tiin State Property atan a puang ta a ni. Kum 1864 vek hian Dr. Dietrich Brandis chu a hmasa ber atan Inspector General of Forest in India atan lak a ni a. A ni hmalakna avangin The Government Forest Act VII of 1865 chu 1st May, 1865 atangin hman theihin a lo awm ta a ni. He Forest Act of 1865-in Sorkar thuneihna a pek dan tlangpui chu hetiang a ni :-
(i) Central Sorkar chuan khawilai hmun pawh, thing leh mau ten an khuh ramngaw te chu Sorkar Forest (Reserved Forest) atan a puang thei ang.
(ii) Provincial Government chuan ramngaw enkawl leh venhim nan Rule an siam thei ang.
(iii) Provincial Government-te chuan Dan bawhchhetute hrem theihna thuneihna a nei ang.
Kum 1873 – 74 ah Allahabad Forest Conference koh a ni a. He Conference ah hian Dr. Dietrich Brandis (Ani hi German Forester a ni) an Revised Bill, 1878-a a buatsaih chu pawm a ni a. Tichuan, The Forest Act VII of 1878 chu siam leh a lo ni ta a ni. He Dan tharah chuan Forest chu chi thumah then a ni, i.e. (a) Reserved Forests, (b) Protected Forests leh (c), Village Forests a ni. Reserved Forests chu Sorkarin khauh taka an enkawl a ni a; Protected Forests-ah erawh chuan mipui ten chanvo an nei thei a ni. Village Forests hi chu Community Forests a ni. Forest Department siam a nih chinah chuan Reserved Forests, Protected Forests leh Village Forests-te chu Surveyed, demarcated, mapped zel a lo ni ta a ni.
Kum 1893-ah khan India ram Agricultural Lands dinhmun zirchiang turin Dr. Voelcker chu ruat a ni a. A ni Report, “Improvement on Indian Agriculture, 1893” ah chuan India Sorkarin Forest Policy-a hman tur Draft Resolution No. 22F Dt. 19/10/1894 a buatsaih a, chu chu Sorkar-in a pawm hnuin Forest policy of 1894 chu mumal taka kalpui a lo ni ta a ni. Tichuan, The Indian Forest Act, 1927 (Act XVI of 1927) leh The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 (No. 69 of 1980) te chu siam a lo ni leh ta a ni.
Assam Province hian kum 1891-ah khan Assam Forest Regulation, 1891 a lo siam bawk a ni. He regulation Section 17-na ah hian Reserved Forest siam theihna Provincial Sorkarah pek a ni. India in Independent a lo neih hnuin kum 1952-ah Forest Policy of 1952 siam a lo ni leh ta a. Kum 1988-ah National Forest Policy of 1988 siam a lo ni leh bawk a.
2. FOREST POLICY FOR NORTH EAST INDIA
Kum 1974 hma lamah chuan Assam hi Bengal Province-ah a awm a. Tichuan, Assam Forest Division Hqr. pawh Gauhati-ah a awm a. Tahrik Ni 6 February, 1874-ah Chief Commission of Assam post siam a ni a, Assam Provincial Government pawh din tan nghal a ni. (See Gazette of India Dt. 7/2/1874 vide Home Deptt. Proclamation No. 379 Dt. 6/2/1874).
Assam Capital pawh Shillong-ah sawn nghal a ni. Hengte hi District hrang hrang te chu an ni, viz. (i) Goalpara, (ii) Kamrup, (iii) Nowgong, (iv) Darrang, (v) Sibsagar, (vi) Lakhimpur (vii) Cachar, (viii) Garo Hills, (ix) Khasi and Jaintia Hills, (x) Naga Hills. Tahrik Ni 12 September, 1874-ah Sylhet chu Assam-ah beh tir leh a ni a, Assam Province hi Chief Commissiober of Assam-in a awp a, Chief Commissionership hi Dt. 1st April, 1912 thleng hman a ni. Kum 1874-ah Forest Division 5 siam a ni a, chungte chu :-
(i) Goalpara, (ii) Gauhati, (iii) Tezpur, (iv) Golaghat, (v) Cachar. A tirah chuan heng Division panga te hi Deputy Conservator of Forests in a awp a. Kum 1879-ah Conservator of Forests post ah hlan kai niin Mr. Gustav Mann chu he hna chelh hmasa bertu a ni. Kum 1874-75-ah Gustav Mann hian sorkarah Report a thehlut a, chutah chuan a zau thei ang ber, Reserved Forest siam leh khauh zawk a Reserved Forest enkawl a tel a. Khauh zawk a enkawl a nih theih hnan Deputy Commissioner leh Deputy Conservator of Forest te chu thawk dun turin a rawt a. Tichuan, kum 1876-77-ah chuan Cachar Forest Administration pawh tihdang lam a lo ni ve ta a.
Dt 15-3-1877-ah heng hmunte hi Reserved Forest atan sorkar in a lo puang ta a ni, chungte chu:-
(i) Upper Jiri = 24.00sq.miles = 62.16sq.km
(ii) Lower Jiri = 14.00sq.miles = 36.26sq.km
(iii) Barak = 67.00sq.miles = 173.53 sq.km
(iv) Sonai = 18.00sq.miles = 46.62sq.km
(v) Kata khal = 8.00sq.miles= 207.20sq.km
(vi)Dhaleswari =33.00sq.miles = 85.47sq.km
(vii)Inner Line=509.00sq.miles=1,318.31 sq.km
Total = 745.00sq.miles = 1,929.55sq.km
He Notification chhuah hma chiah, January, 1877-ah Cachar Deputy Commissioner, Mr H.Luttman_Johnson Pawh Changsil Bazar atangin khaw chhak lamah Kulicherra Mukh, Barak River thleng, chawlhkar thum lai thangin Lushai Hills-ah a zin a ni.
Hetianga Reserved Forest atan a ram zau tak an puanna chhan ber chu Kuki (Mizo hnahthlak) ten Thingtlang lo neih nan an hman nasat avangin ramngaw a chereu zel loh nan tiin British – India sorkar record a ziah lan a nia. Hei tak mai hian Inner Line Reserved Forest leh a dangte chu Mizoram a ni a, kumtin in thingtlang lo neih nan kan pipu ten an hmang thin a ni tih finfiahna (evidence) hmasa ber chu a lo nita ni. Chu bakah kum 1874-75 ah khan Non-Tribal hnenah Inner Line Reserved Forest, Lushai Country chhung a Thelret (Rubber) hnai phalna passes=287 Nos lai pek a ni a. Chung passes pek te chuan Inner Line Reserved Forest chu Lushai Country a ni ngei a ni tih Officiaal record ah dah a ni. Kum 1874-75 chhunga Lushai Country atanga an Thelret hnai zawng zawng chu 18,401 kgs a ni. Chung Thelret te chu “Imported from Lushai Country” ti a ziah lan a ni. Thelret lakluh hian Inner Line Reserved Forest chu Lushai Country a ni ngei a ni tih a ti chiang hle bawk a ni. Cachar Forest Division hian Cachar District leh Sylhet District te a huam a ni.
3. INNER LINE RESERVED FOREST INSEM DAN
3.1 Sawi tawh angin Forest Act of 1865 siam a nih tak avangin Central Sorkar chuan a tam thei ang bera Reserved Forest siam tura Provincial Sorkar te thu a pek avangin Assam Sorkar pawhin tahrik Ni 15-03-1877 ah Cachar Forest Division chhungah Reserved Forest hmun sarih laiah a siam a ni a, chu official Notification chu Assam Gazette, Dt 17-03-1877, P.67-68 ah tih chhuah a ni. Heta thu chhuah dan chu hetiang a ni (Saptawngin):-
“The forest tracts in the district of Cachar, the boundaries of which are specified bellow, are hereby declared to be Government reserved forest, in accordance with the provisions of Section 2, Act VII of 1865 –
The INNER LINE FOREST RESERVE :-
West : The boundary between Sylhet and Cachar, from the Lushai boundary in the South, to the Inner Line, in the North.
North : The Inner Line from the Sylhet boundary, in the West, to the Barak River, in the east, as defined in the Government of India Notification No. 2, 299 P; dated 20th August, 1875, published in the Assam Gazette of 11th September, 1875, page 197;
East : The Barak River, from the Inner Line, in the North, to the Lushai boundary, in the South;
South : The Lushai boundary, from the Barak River, in the east, to the Sylhet boundary, in the West.”
3.2: Mizoram leh Assam Ramri buai hi thuang hniha kal a ni a; pakhatnaah chuan, “Inner Line leh ramri” a ni a, pahnihnaah chuan “Inner Line Reserved Forest leh ramri” a ni. Tun hnaia Mizoram leh Assam Sorkar aiawh ten inbiakna an neihah khan a pakhatna chauh hi Mizoram Sorkar dinna a ni e ti a tarlan a ni a. Tun hma lamah kha chuan a pahniha la kawpin hma lak thin a ni a. Tunah erawh pakhatna zawk chauh a lo nih tak avangin Tlawmngai pawl thenkhat chuan Supreme Court a thlen mai an duh ta nite pawhin a hriat ta a ni.
3.3 : J.SHAKESPEAR’S LAND SETTLEMENT
Tahrik ni 1st April, 1898 a Lushai Hills District siam a lo nih khan Major J.Shakespear (Tarmita) I.A chu Lushai Hills Superintendent atan dah a ni a. Hetih hunah hian Mizoramah khua 300 vel awmin mihring 82,434 vel chauh an la awm a ni. In awpna fel taka kalpui a nih theih nan Aizawl Sub-Division-ah Circle Bial 11 leh Lunglei Sub-Division-ah Circle Bial 7 siam a ni a. Circle Bial tinah Interpreter pakhat leh Chaprasi pakhat theuh dah a ni a. Mizo Lalte chu Inhmun-Lo-Ram thuah thuneihna pek an ni a, an Lalram chin tur rinfel vek niin “Ramri Lehkha” pek vek an ni a. He ruahmanna hi Assam Chief Commissioner pawhin kum 1901 October-ah a lo pawmpui thlap a ni.
3.4 : KUM 1904-AH CACHAR LEH LUSHAI HILLS RAMRI SIAM |HAT A NI
Mizoram Lalte, an Lalram chin kham fel a lo nih takah chuan INNER LINE RESERVED FORESTS chhunga Mizo Lalte dinhmun tur a lo buai ta nak mai a, a bikin Sailo Lalte; viz, Suakpuilala thlah te, Vanpuilala thlahte leh Lalburha thlahte an ni. Lal ram ri leh an thuneihna chungchangah harsatna a lo awm tak avangin Lushai Hills Superintendent chuan Chief Commissioner of Assam, Sir Bamp Fylele Fuller-a hnenah harsatna an tawh thu kum 1903-ah a thlen a, chutah chuan Cachar District boundary, Chief Commissioner of Assam Notification No. 56 Dt. 24-6-1874 a chian tawk loh thu tihlan tel a ni bawk a. Chief Commissioner chuan Indian High Court Act,1865 (Calcutta High Court) ah harsatna an tawh avang leh Silchar – Aijal Road enkawl chu thil buaithlak tak a nih bawk avangin Cachar – Lushai Hills ramri ennawn chu tha a ti a, Scientific Demarcation pawh tul a ti a.
Tichuan, Assam Chief Commissioner chuan Governor General, Lord Curzon hnenah rawtna fumfe tak a thlen a, a nin a lo pawm fel hnuin Cachar – Lushai Hills Boundary Adjustment Notification No. 1092P, dt. 16/3/1904 chu tihchhuah a lo ni a. He mi bawhzui nan hian Notification No. 1093P, dt. 16/3/1904 & No. 1094P, dt. 16/3/1904 tih chhuah nghal a ni a, chutah chuan Inner Line Reserved Forest = 220.00 Sq. Miles = 570.00 Sq. Km chu Lushai Hills enkawl turin hlan (Transferred) a ni a, chu chu Assam Gazette of 19th March, 1904, Part II, page 175 – 176 ah tih chhuah a ni. He Cachar Boundary Notification No. 1092 dt. 16/3/1904 hi kum 1912-ah tih danglam leh a ni a, by Notification No. 419R, dt. 23/2/1912.
Kum 1930-ah Assam Sorkarin Notification No. 9102-A.P., Dt. 28/8/1930 hmangin Inner Line of the Lushai Hills a siam a. Chu chu kum 1933-ah Notification No. 2106 A-P.,Dt. 9/3/1933 hmanga thlak leh a ni. Hei hi Assam Sorkarin Constitutional Boundary an tih chu a ni a, Mizoram tan erawh Unconstitutional Boundary a ni thung awm e. Tichuan Assam Sorkarin Inner Line Reserved Forest = 509.00 Sq. Mile = 1,318.00 Sq. Km atanga a la chan chu 289.00 Sq. Miles = 748.00 Sq. Km chauh a ni tawh a ni. Mizoram chan = 570 Sq. Km ah chuan Kolasib Forest Division hnuaiah 385.00 Sq. Km niin Darlawn Forest Division hnuaiah 185.00 Sq.Km a ni. Assam lam chanah hian 425.00 Sq.Km vel bak, 323.00 Sq Km vel An De-Reserved hmun te hi Silchar lamlian kam vel leh Thingpui Huan leh Leilet leh Gharmura vel khu a ni a, an De-Reserved vek tawhin a rinawm e.
3.5 : TRANSLATION OF THE SUNNUD given to SOOK PILALL, – 1871 (Suakpuilala)
The order of the illutrious Government.
Be it known to the Looshai Lall (Sookpilall) and to all other Lalls, Muntrees, and people of Looshai villages between the Tapai and Tipperah Hills.
The illustrious Government has laid down the following line of division :-
From Chutturcoora to the mouth of Bhyrubbee Cherra, from the mouth of Bhyrubbee Cherra to Bhyrubbee Tillah, from Bhyrubbee Tillah to Kolosep Tillah, from Kolosep Tillah to Noongvai Hills, from Noongvai Hills to Koobecherra Mookh, which falls to Sunai Nuddee, and it has ordered that the country to the north of the said line shall be called Cachar and the Marthinlong or Northern Looshai lands; on the other side of that line of division shall be called the Looshai hills. The name Marthinglong or Northern Looshai includes those people who drink the water of the Taovai, Tipai Tuirel or Sonai Tinpar or Rukni, Sinlong, or Dullessur, and Kloong Doong or Guttur.
He British Sorkar leh Sailo lal Suakpuilala te inremna (Sunnud) ah hian Boundary Line hmar lam ram chu Cachar leh Northern Looshai Lands a ni ang tih a nih avangin, ramri kham hmar lam zawkah Cachar, a dawtah Mizoram a nih avangin Inner Line reserved Forest chu Mizoram a ni ngei a ni tih a chiang hle awm e!.
Notes : 1) A then Sap tawnga ziah a nih chhan chu mi thil chik miten Sapho ziah dan tak hriat an duh thin vang a ni e.
2) Inner Line R.F. chhim lam ramri leh Sunnud Line hi inang a ni e (coincide).