MARA LEH LAI

Laiu Fachhai
Thuhma
Mara leh Lai hian hnam incheinate (hnam puan, etc), hnam (Lai tawnga ‘phun’ leh Mara tawnga ‘pho’) hmingte, tawng thumal bulte (root words), hnamzia, tihdanphung leh tihthinziate inanna tam tak an neih avangin Mara chu Lai chi pêng nia sawi leh ziakte a awm thin, a bik takin Lai mithiamte atangin. British hun laia Lushai Hills Superintendent NE Parry pawh khan hetiang lam hawi zawngin a ziak ve. Lai mithiamte tanchhan, Mara leh Lai inanna kan sawi takte khi, Mara mithiamte pawhin tanchhan vein Lai chu Mara chi pêng pakhat niin an sawi ve thei tho a ni.
Mara chu Lai chi pêng ni lovin, Lai pawh Mara chi pêng ni lovin, Mara leh Lai chu unau an ni a, nimahsela unau indang tawhte an ni a, chi leh hnam hran ve vea chhuak an ni tawh tih theory hi Marate dinna a ni a, chu dinna chu he article hian sawizau a tum a ni. A chunga kan sawi tak inannate avang khian, Mara chu Lai chi pêng nia ngaihruatna siam hi academic leh scholarly thlirna tlang pakhat atanga thlir chuan, Lai unaute chu Mara unaute hmar lama awm an ni avangin, thlangtla theory nena zawm tirin ngaihruat theina tur chen chu a awm. Nimahsela thlirna tlang dang atanga thlir erawh chuan, ngaihruatna dang a awm ve thei tho awm e.
Tu nge Lai chu?
“Lai” nia hriatte chu Myanmar Chin State-a Haka (Halkha) township, Thantlang (Thlantlang) township leh Falam township-a Laite leh Mizoram Lawngtlai District-a Laite hi an ni deuh ber a. Chin State lama Haka, Thantlang leh Falam Laite chuan, “Lai” tih hi, a chang chuan hmanlaia Chin-Kuki-Lushai chi zawng zawng, a bik takin Chin chi leh hnam zawng zawng huam tir veka an hman hun a awm a, ni tin nun leh thiltihnaah erawh chuan anmahni Haka-Thantlang-Falam chi leh tawng sawina atan an hmang tam ber a, Haka-Thantlang-Falam tawng chu “Lai” tawng an ti deuh bik thin. Haka leh Thantlang chu an tawng a inang a, Falam tawng erawh chu tlemin a danglam hret a, mahse an inhre thei. Lai tawng hi tawng mawi leh hlun a ni a, Lai mithiamten an tithang zel a, tunah chuan tawng hausak tak a ni tawh.
Chin State-a Haka township, Thantlang township leh Falam township-a awm Laite leh Mizorama Lai Autonomous District Council chhunga awm Laite hi hmanlaia Lusei/Duhlian Mizoten “Pawi” an lo tih thin hnamte kha an ni. Chuvangin he article-a “Lai” tih hian Lai tawng hmang Haka-Thantlang leh LADC-a Lai chi leh hnamte hi a kawk bik dawn a ni.
Tu nge Mara chu?
Americaa Lai mithiam Kenneth Van Bik chuan a lehkhabu Proto-Kuki-Chin: A Reconstructed Ancestor of the Kuki-Chin Languages (Berkeley: University of California, 2009, pp 8, 54)-ah India (Mizoram State) leh Myanmar (Chin State) chhunga awm chi leh hnam thenkhatte chu hnam hlawm lian, Mara (Maraic) hnamhlawm group hnuaiah a dah a ni. Chungte chu vawiina India leh Myanmar rama Mara nia inchhalte (Tlôsai-Siaha, Zyhno-Lialai-Heima, Lôchei-Hawthai, Chapi-Ngiaphia-Sabyh, Siaha District-a Vyhtu/Vuangtu), Myanmara Lautu chi (Hnaring khua, Surngen khua, etc), Zophei chi (Khuabung khua, Leitak khua, etc), Senthang chi (Surkhua, etc) leh Zotung chi (Rizua khua, etc) te an ni. Heng chi leh hnamte hi Lakher Pioneer Mission pawhin Mara nia a ngaihte leh a mission field atana a hauh ramte an ni. Hmanlai chuan Haka-Thantlang Laimite chuan Maraic chi leh hnamte hi “Zo chhia, Zo ek tan sau” tiin an thliar hrang hle thin a, an hmuhsit hle thin. Tunah erawh chuan chutiang nunzia chu an ching tawh lo. Vawiina India leh Myanmar ramtea awm Mara nia inchhal chi leh hnamte chuan Tlôsai Mara tawng chu an official tawng atan an hmang a, chutih rual chuan anmahni awmna hmuna Mara tawng hman dan (accent/dialect) theuh hmangin an inbe thei a, an inhre tawn thei a ni.
Mara hi Lai chi pêng a ni em?
A chunga kan sawi tak ang khian, Parry chuan Mara chu Lai (Haka-Thantlang) chi pêng a nihzia leh Mara tawng pawh Lai tawng nen a inhnaih thu a ziak a (The Lakhers, London: McMillan, 1932, p.1). Arakan lam chuan Marate chu Shandu tia an hriatzia leh Shandu hnam hnuaiah chuan Lai hnam pawh a tel ve thu a ziak bawk a. Mahse a ziah zelnaah Shandu hnam chu Mara hnam sawina atan a hmang satliah chauh ni lovin, a hmang bik (super-impose) tlat a ni. Chuvangin colonial hun laia Shandu an lo tih thin hnam kha Mara hnam a nihzia chu a chiang a ni. Shandu tawng tia hriat thin pawh vawiina Mara tawng hi a nih mai avangin, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) chuan Shandu tawng chu a hranpaa dah tawh loin, Mara tawng nen fin (merge) a, Shandu tawng number chu chawlhtîr (retire) a tum tawh a ni.
Parry-in Mara chu Lai chi pêng pakhat nia a ziah hi, a hriat sual niin a lang. A lehkhabua a thusawi thenkhat pawh hriat sual a nei nual. Colonial officerte hmuhdan leh thusawite kha dik vek anga ngaih leh pawm tur a nih bik lohzia a lang leh thin. Lushai Hills Superintendent LL Peters pawhin Lakher Pioneer Mission leh missionary Rev Reginald Arthur Lorrain chanchin hetiang hian a hre sual ve tlat: “Mr Lorrain originally came out shortly after his brother the Rev. J.H. Lorrain and Rev. F. Savidge to the London Baptist Mission at Serkawn (Near Lungleh) but broke away after a few years and started the Lakher Pioneer Mission at Serkawr” (Laiu Fachhai, Pâhkao 1938: Lorrain Mothlih Tlana Su nata Kô, 2024, pp 214-215).
Superintendent Peters chuan Lakher Pioneer Mission kha Lorrain Serkawn a lo thlen hnua din chawp niin a sawi a, a hriat sual a ni. Lorrain kha kum 1907-ah Serkawn a rawn thleng a, Lakher Pioneer Mission kha Lorrain Serkawn a lo thlen hma, 1905-ah London khawpuiah din daih tawh a ni. Chuan Lorrain kha Serkawna London Baptist Mission (Baptist Missionary Society) hnuaia thawk tura rawn kal a ni lo. A tir te atanga Mara rama rawngbawl tura rawn kal a ni. Chuvangin London Baptist Mission atanga phelh (break away) a ni lo. Mizo tawng leh khatih hun laia Lushai Hills chanchin te zir turin a ute awmna Serkawnah khan thla ruk vel chauh a awm a ni. Serkawnah khan a kum telin (a few years) a awm lo hrim hrim. Superintendent Peters-in Lakher Pioneer Mission leh Lorrain chanchin a hriat sual ang khan, Mara chu Lai chi pêng nia a sawi hi Superintendent Parry pawh khan a hriat sual ve a ni. Mara chu Lai chi pêng a ni lo. A chunga kan sawi tak Van Bik Maraic theory pawh khian Mara chu Lai chi pêng a nih lohzia a finfiah a ni.
Mara leh Lai unau nihna chu Marate pawhin an pawm a, Mara hi Lai chi pêng anga sawi erawh chu Maraten an pawm thei lo. Lai leh Mara chu pa leh fa ni lovin, u leh nau an ni tih hi Marate pawm dan a ni. A awmzia chu Mara hi Lai thlah ni lovin, Lai leh Mara chu thlahtu pakhat atang chuak unau an ni tih hi Marate dinna a ni. Mara leh Lai hnam incheina, hnam (phun) hming, tawng thumal bul (root word), hnam zia, tihdanphung leh zia inannate a awm avanga Mara chu Lai chi pêng nia ngaihruatna awm hi, he article ziaktu chuan a dik hlel deuhzia tiang hian a chhang a ni:
Mara leh Lai hnam incheina
thenkhat inanna
Hnam incheina (hnam puan, etc) inanna avanga Marate chu Lai an ni tih emaw, Mara chu Lai chi pêng a ni tihte hi academic leh scholarly argument awm thei pakhat chu a ni ve a, nimahsela thutlukna siamna atan erawh chuan innghahna lian ber leh dik ber a ni chuang lo. Mara-in nge Lai hnam incheina a lâk chhâwn, Lai zawkin nge Mara incheina a lâk chhâwn, hetianga incheina hi tuin nge hmu chhuak hmasa a, hmang hmasa zawk, Lai nge Mara, tia inhnial inhnial pawh a tul lo. Sawi tawh angin, unau an ni a, chhuan eng emaw zat chu lo khawsa ho an ni a, an in-indan tawh hnuah pawh an khawsakna khua leh ram te a inhnaih bawk a, chuvangin hnam inchei danah pawh inanna tam tak an nei ang tih chu hriat sa a ni.
Khawthlang lam Caucasian (European) hnamte pawh khu an incheina thuah chuan an inang hlawm hle. An incheina a in an avanga “German ho hi English chi pêng an ni, etc,” tih erawh chu a dik thei tawh lo ang. An in-indanna a rei tawh. Israel-te leh Arabte pawh khu Abrahama thlah an ni ve ve a, hmanlai chuan an inchei dan pawh a inang tlangpui a, nimahsela tunah chuan chi leh hnam hrang ve vein an chhuak tawh a ni.
Mara leh Lai hnam (phun) hming thenkhat inanna
Hnam (phun) hming inang tam tak a awm avanga Mara chu Lai chi pêng pakhat nia ngaihruatna pawh hi academic leh scholarly argument pakhat chu a ni ve thei a, nimahsela, hnam incheina ang bawkin thlirna tlang dang a awm ve tho a ni. Mara hnam hminga awm lo Lai hnam a awm nual a, Lai hnam hming zinga tel lo Mara hnam a awm nual bawk. Entirnan, Mara hnam Solo (Chapi-Ngiaphia accent/dialect hmangtuten Feilei an tih) hi Lai hnam zingah a tel lo awm e. Lal hnam – Chinzah (Mara Choza), Hlawnchhing (Mara Hlychho), Zathang (Mara Zawtha), etc – te inanna hi chu eng dang vang a ni lo, Mara khua thenkhatin Lai lal thlahte an lal atana an va sawm vang a ni. Hmanlai Mara khawvelah chuan an lalin an ral an hnehpui theih lohna a rei tawh chuan, ral laka chak thin hmar lama Lai lal thlahte an lal atan an va sawm thin. Hmar lama Lai lalten Mara khua an lo run lohna atan Lai lal thlahte an lal atan an va sawm thin bawk a, Lai lal fanute pawh Mara lal emaw lal fapa emaw nupui atan an nei thin. Lai khuate atanga Mara rama rawn pem a, lo thlangtlate an awm bawk.
Thu dik erawh chu hei hi a ni. Chinzah, Hlawnchhing, Zathang, etc., lal hnam leh thlahten Mara rama lal ni tura an lo chhuk khan, an Lai tawng leh an Lai mipui te Mara khua leh ramah an rawn chhukpui lo. An rawn luh laia an rawn luhna hmuna tawng awm tawh Mara tawng an tawm a, Mara mipuite chungah an lo lal a ni. Chuvangin Lai rama an awm laia Lianchi Hlawnchhing chu Mara ramah chuan Laichi Hlychho a ni ta a, chutiang bawkin Lai rama Chinzah chu Mara ramah Choza a ni tawh a, Lai rama Zathang pawh Mara ramah chuan Zawtha a ni ta a ni. Hei hian a finfiah chu, Lai lal thlahte Mara ram lam an lo kal lai khan Mara ramah Mara tawng leh Mara mipui an lo awm diam tawh a, Lai lalte leh an hnung zuitu tlemte te khan, chu Mara tawng leh Mara mipui chu lo tawmin, an lo zawm a, Mara ramah chuan Mara niin an lo khawsa ve ta a ni. Lai ni tawh lovin Mara an ni tawh, tihna a nih chu. Hei hian Mara chu Lai chi pêng pakhat a nih lohzia a nemnghet a ni.
Khatih hun lai kha chuan Laipa-in Mara ramah a lo pem chuan Mara a ni ve mai a, Marapa-in Lai ram lam a pem chhoh chuan Lai a ni ve mai thin. Tunah erawh chu urbanization leh globalization hunah kan awm tawh a, chuvangin Laimi-in India Mara ram Siaha khawpui leh Mynmar Mara ram Lialaipi khawpuiah te an khawsak chuan an Lai nihna leh an Lai tawng an chhawm nung a, Lai tawng an la thiam a nih chuan; Marate pawhin Lairam Haka, Thlantlang, Lawngtlai khawpuiah te an khawsak chuan an Mara tawng leh Mara nihna a chhunzawm thei zel tawh a ni. A awmzia chu Mara leh Lai chu chi hrang ve ve niin leh tawng hrang nei ve ve niin nghet takin a kal tawh a ni.
Mara leh Lai tawng thumal bul thenkhat inanna
Mara leh Lai tawngtea tawng thumal bul inan eng emaw zat awm mahse, tawng an inhriat pawlh tawh lohna atanga chhuiin, thlahtu pakhat atanga chhuak unau mah ni se la, an in-indangna a rei tawh niin a lang. Lai tawngah chuan consonant-a tawp thumal tam tak a awm a, Mara tawnga thumal zawng zawng erawh chu vowel-in a tawp vek a ni. Piputen Haka khua hming hi hmanlai chuan “Hiakha” tih a ni e, an ti a, “Hiakha” tih chu Mara tawng a ang hle. Haka khuaa Kristian hmasa Pu Siakhaw hming pawh Mara hming a ang hle. Hei hian min hrilh chu, unaute – Mara leh Lai – hian eng tik hunah emaw chuan Haka velah khian an lo khawsa ho mai thei a ni. Hei hian a entir dang leh chu, chi pêng tawngkam hman a ni dawn chuan, sawi tawh angin, Lai hi Mara chi pêng nia ngaihruatna pawh thil awm thei a ni ve tho a ni.
Mizorama Mara leh Lai unaute chuan Pawi-Lakher Regional Council (PL Region)-ah awm ho an tum a, nimahsela an awm ho leh thei lo. An awm ho theih lohna chhan pawh an in-indanna a rei tawh avanga tawng leh thil dang tam takah inan lohna an nei tam tawh vang a ni. PL Region-ah khan official tawng atan Lai tawng hman ni ta se, Marate chauh ni lovin Lai member thenkhatin Lai tawngin thu an sawi thei si lo a, Mara tawng hman ni ta se, Lai memberten Mara tawng chu an hre leh si lo a, chuvangin Mizo tawng chu common language atan hman a ngai ta a ni. Council Member-te zinga Mara thenkhat tan phei chuan Mizo tawnga thupui hlapui han sawi chu an harsat thin. Chu chauh chu a la ni lo, mahni tawnga rorel theih a nih si loh chuan, Council-in a tum, tawng leh hnamzia te humhalh leh tihmasawnna thlengin a nghawng thei dawn avangin, unaute chuan in-indan leh a, ADC hran neih ve ve kha tha zawkin an hre ta a ni.
Mara leh Lai hnamzia, tihdanphung leh tihthinzia thenkhat inanna
Mara leh Lai hian hnamzia, tihdanphung leh zia inanna tam tak an nei tih chu thu dik a ni. Hnam lam leh inneihna kalpui dan te phei chu an inang hle. Chuvangin hemi chungchangah chuan inhnial vakna tur a tam lo. Sawi tawh angin, thlahtu pakhat nei unau an ni a, khawi hmun leh eng hunah emaw chuan an lo khawsa ho ang a, an in-indan hnuah pawh an awmna khua leh ramte an inhnaih bawk a, inneih pawlh thin an ni bawk nen, chuvangin inannate chu loh theih loin a awm tur a ni. Chutih rual chuan, hnamzia, tihdanphung leh ziate hi tawngah an inphum a, Marate chuan tun thlengin an tawng an hlut a, an hmang zel avangin an hnamzia, tihdanphung leh zia te pawh vawng thain an humhalh thei zel ta a ni.
Maraten hetianga an tawng an hlut leh an humhalh thei hi mission hran, Lakher Pioneer Mission an neih vang a ni. Lakher Pioneer Mission kha Mara ramah rawn kal lo ta se, Marate chuan eng ti tihin emaw Kristian chu an ni ve mahna? Chutih rual chuan tawng dang hmangin an Kristian dawn a ni. Lakher Pioneer Mission avangin Mara Bible, Mara hlabu leh Mara tawnga zirna sikul te an nei a, tunah phei chuan Mara tawng chu official tawnga hmanna Mara Autonomous District Council an nei bawk a, chuvangin Mara tawng chu tun thlenga nungin a thanglian zel a ni.

Tlipna
A tawpah chuan, Lai leh Mara chu unau an ni a, pafa erawh an ni lo, tih hi chian a pawimawh hle. Unau mah ni se la, an in-indanna a rei tawh avangin tawng leh thil dang tam takah inan lohnate an nei tawh tih hriain, an inan lohna te chu hmangaihnain inhriatpui tawn theuh a, inpawmpui tawn thiam an tum zel tur a ni. Inan lohna te awm mah se, unau an nihna hre reng chungin an awm hona Siaha District, Lawngtlai District, Mizoram, India, Chin State, Myanmar leh foreign ramah te inhmangaih tawn a, inngeih dial diala thenawm tha leh unau inhmangaih nih an tum zel tur a ni.