NATIONAL SCIENCE DAY (28th Feb) LEH LIRNGHING

By Dr. Laldinpuia, MZU
February ni 28 hi, 1928 kuma Indian scientist ropui Sir C.V. Raman-an eng zung zam kal dan, thil te reuh te tein a lo tihdanglam theih dan ‘Raman Effect’ tia vuah tak a hmuh chhuah ni a ni a. Hemi ni hriat reng nan hian, kum 1986 atang khan National Science Day (NSD) hi hman ziah a ni. NSD- in a tum ber chu, ni tin nuna science pawimawhna inhrilh hriat bakah, Science & Technology chawi lar hi a ni a. Kum tin thupui hrang hrang neih thin a ni a, kumin thupui chu ‘Khawvel hma khaw en nan science’ (Global Science for Global Well-being) tih a ni. Thupui denchhen hian, February ni 6 zing lam dar 4:17 (UTC +3)-a Turkey leh Syria ram nuai tu lirnghing atanga kan zir chhuah tur tarlan kan tum ang.
Turkey ram hi lirnghing thlen fo theihna, leilung chet nasatna laia awm a ni a. Lirnghing han inmun mai theihna tur lei inpelhsawlh lian tak Anatolian Fault hi ram chhungah a awm a. Leilung sakhat hlawm hrang pathum, heng Eurasian Plate, African Plate, Arabian Plate leh Anatolian Plate te inthial velna laia awm a ni bawk. Kum 1939 khan M7.8 zeta nain a lo nuai tawh a, mi 33,000 laiin nunna an chan a ni. Tun hnaiah chuan, kum 2020 khan M6.8 a na a nghing a, 2003-ah M6.3 leh 1998-ah M6.2 a na an lo tuar tawh bawk. Hriat theih chinah, lirnghing nghawr thahrui pekna tehkhawnga magnitude 7 chin chunglam, lirpui kan tih chin hian heti lai ram bawr vel hi tum 6 lai a lo nuai tawh nghe nghe.
African plate hi hmar-chhak zawngin kum khata cms 2.15 a chakin a che a; Arabian Plate hi a lian vak lo, kum khata 15-20mm a chakin hmar lam hawiin a che ve bawk. Eurasian Plate hi a hlawm a lian a, chhim lam hawiin kum khata mm 7-14 a chakin a che a. Turkey ram awmna hi Anatolian Plate an ti a, chhim thlang hawiin kum khatah mm 21 a chakin a che thung. Heng leilung che reng hian hmar lam leh khawchhak lamah inpelhsawlh lian (North & East Anatolian Fault) a siam a. Lei che vel insu hi inpelhsawlhna lianah te hian a innek sawrna thahrui a inkhawl khawm ta thin a; leilungin a dawl loh chinah khan inpelh sawlh pialin thahrui angin a irh chhuak ta thin, hei hi lirnghing chu a ni. Leilung inpelh sawlha thahrui a chhuah hun tur hi hriat lawk theih a ni lo, chuvangin lirnghing hun tur hi sawi lawk theih a ni lo a. Mahse, a chunga tarlan ang hian, lirnghing thlen theihna leh a hlauhawmna hmun/ ram erawh a sawi lawk theih thung. Leilung chet chak dan te, lirnghing lo awm tawh dante leh lei lung dinhmun azir te hian, a thlen hun tak sawi lovin, kum 10- 50 chhungin lirnghing lian tham a thleng thei ang, tia sawi lawk ve theih a ni thung.
Feb. ni 6 leh a hnu lam nghingte hi East Anatolian Fault atanga nghing chhuak a ni deuh vek a. Lirpui nghing rei zawng kha seconds 80 zet a ni a, a hnu lama nghing nawn (aftershocks) hi vawi 10,000 chuang zet a thleng tawh a, lirpui a nghin hma kha nghing hma hruai (foreshock) a awm lo. February ni 27 thleng khan nghin nawn avanga nunna chan an la awm. Lirpui leh nghing nawn avanga thi hi mi 1,02,100 an tling a, Turkey ram mi ringawtah pawh hriat chian chin hi mi 51,100 an tling. In chim ringawt pawh hi 4,00,000 chuang zet a ni a; thlasik lai a ni a, mut tui hun laia thleng a ni bawk a, nunna chan an tam phah bawk. In chim rem rum kara, lungphu leh marphu ri pawh hre thei khawl changkang, US Jet Propulsion kut chhuak FINDER te, ui fing rual te a tangkai hle a, mi tam tak nung damin an chhan chhuak a ni.
Lirnghing na ber pawh thleng thei ram a nih avangin in sak dan hmang ulukna ram a ni a, an ti khirh zel bawk a. Mahse, a hmun hmaah in chim te an han zir chiang a, an dan neih tha tak tak chu zawm a ni vek lo tih hmuh chhuah a ni a. In ban chak lo, building phu tawk aia te a sak a tam avanga in tlu sawp nelh nulh a tam a. Thir hman lian lo leh phuar khawm tha lo te, a ban leh a beam inzawm tha lo te, hmanraw hman tha tawklo te chu a chhan lang sar a ni. Lirnghing nghawr avang ringawt hi chuan chhiatna a thleng tam lo; mahse, a nghawr avanga in sak tha lo building chim te, leimin leh chhiatna dang thleng thin hi a pawi thin. Dan ang thlapa building sak chu, him dam bik vek lo chu awm mah se, thihna a thleng lo tih hmuh chhuah a ni bawk. In sa tha lo contractor tam tak an man a, thubuai rip tak an siam sak a ni.
Tun hnaiah kan tuar ve ta zauh zauh a, tun hma lama kan la hriat tam loh, kan ram chhung ngeia in siam lirnghing pawh kan tuar ta fo mai. Mithiamte ngaihdan inang lo a awm: a nghing sek hian, lirpui thleng mai thei tur thahrui kha a inpaih thawl a ni, tih leh a hma zawng pawha thleng nawn sek lo va, tunhnaiah km 100 bawr vel biala a thlen fo avang hian lirpui hmahruai a ni thei, tih hi. Heng mithiamte thusawi hian tan chhan a nei ve ve a, hmun hrang hranga lir lo nghin tawh dante zirchianin awihawm tak ve ve a ni. Lirnghing vantlang (Moderate Earthquake) an tih, M5 chin hi kan tawrh nat ber a ni a, M3 leh a hnuai lam hi a tam a, hei hi ‘Small Earthquake’ an ti. Kan ram chhungah hian lei inpelhsawlhna lian, lirnghing na tak siam thei tur a awm hriat a ni lo a. A na thei berah magnitude 6 vel nghing thei tura ngaih a ni thung (Wang et al. 2014).
Lirnghing na ber pawh tawh theihna ram, Seismic Zone V-ah kan awm tih kan hria a, hei hi lirnghing insiamtheihna, leilung innek velna hnaiha kan ram a awm avang a ni. Seismic Zone V an tihin a ken tel chu, invenna awmchhun, in sak dan him leh uluk ngaih zualna hmun tihna a ni. Kan chenna in sak danah kan fimkhur hle a ngai. AMC huam chhunga awmte chuan, kan Building Regulations te hi mithiamten lirnghing natna hmuna him tura an duan a nih avangin, Architect leh Engineer te thurawn hi zawm thei ila. Hmun danga mite pawhin, a bikin concrete-in kan sa dawn a nih chuan, a hre tur Engineer te rawn thei ila, an thurawn anga sak i tum hram ang u.
Thingtlang hmun tam zawkah pawh Concrete in sak kan uar ta hle, hmasawnna kawng khat a nih rualin kan sak danah leh hmanraw hman fimkhur erawh a ngai hle. In ban te tak tak, building phu loa te hmuh tur a tam a, rod pawh kan hmang te viau. Ban atan hian rod hi 16mm tal hmang thei ila, ban len zawngte pawh hi 6inch hawlh tlang tal te tling thei se. Cement tha ber ber kan hmang thei lo a nih pawhin, kan hmuh phak thar ber zel hman tum ila. Rora len zawng hi a lian berah 20mm vel tur a ni a. Cement chak tawk lo, muk tha tawk lo te leh slab dona pheh hma avanga kul pawh hmuh tur a tam hle. Slab dona hi ni 28 emaw, thla khat tal do tur a ni a. Cement tha leh balu tha hman hram hram t