Er F.Rualzakhuma
-- Advertisement --
Sawi hawnna:
Tuirial Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP)-ah energy shortfall man Rs 102 crs chawi a ngaih thu kum 2024 tawp lama Power Minister-in a sawi khan power lei dan chungchanga agreement siam laiin engineer-te kha fimkhur lovah puh an ni a. He thu ang deuh tho hi December, 2024 khan Chief Minister khan a rawn sawi ve leh bawk a. Khatiang thu kha engineer thawk lai leh pension tawhte tan pawh hriat a nuamlo viau mai. A sawitute thu laknaten an sawifiah tawk lo a nih a rinawm. Kha pawisa chawi ngai an sawi kha tun hma lama agreement siam chhiat vang ni lovin Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) (Terms & Conditions of Tariff) Regulations, 2024 siam thar, Gazette of India No. 468, July ni 1, 2024-a chhuak vanga lo awm a ni zawk. He Regulations thar hi April, 2024 atanga hman tan, March 2029 thlenga hman tura duan a ni.
Tute mahin thil nihdan dik an rawn tarlang ta mai si lo va, thil nihdan dik hi ram hruaitute leh mipuiten kan hriat chian a thaa ka hriat avangin tlai khaw hnu-ah ka hriat danin a sawifiahna ka han tharthawh ve a ni e. Kan chian theih deuh nan Tuirial HPP chanchin leh a kaihhnawih thil thenkhat hi i lo thlirho teh ang. Electric thilah hi chuan Mizo tawng ni lo deuh te, a tawi zawk nan thu lamtawi tam tak telh a ngai fo a, a chhiar dan in lo thiam ka beisei.
Thuhmahruai:
Electric power hi mimal leh ram hmasawnna hnukpui a nih avang hian sawitu leh sawi thei apui hi an tam khawp mai. National leh State level-ah pawh politician ten inchirh theh nan leh hamthatna lak tum nan an hmang fo thin. Chutihlaiin, kawngpui siamna atana lei laih vak vak te, tlangram lo atana ramngaw zau tak tak vaha hal duai duai te, industry atana hmun zau pui pui tifaia invalh te, plastic leh bawlhhlawh dang paih khawma hal vak vak te, mimal ram zau tak tak nei, cheibawl tha si lova thing leh mau tihchereu te, ram tihkan mai mai te ngaimawh lutuk si lovin environment humhalhtu ten electric siam chhuahna lamin environment tichhe nasa ta bik riau anga ngaih theihin thu leh hla an nei fo thin. Hmasawnna atana kan mamawh, a lova kan awm theih loh electric siam chhuahna atan, a bikin keimahni state chhung ngeia awm tura kan duh a nih si chuan man sang tak kan pek ve a ngai.
Power Sector-ah hian technical thil khirhkhan a tam em em a, dan (act) leh dan tesep (rules) te, kaihhruaina (guidelines) zawm ngei ngei tur chi hrang a tam hle a. Tunhma lama dan hrang hrang awm tawh te thlak nan ‘The Electricity Act 2003’ chu Sawrkar laipuiin a siam a, he dan hnuaiah hian Rules leh Regulations te awmin electric dan bawhchhiat avanga sum tam tak chawi leh jail tan thlengin hrem theih a ni. Electricity buaipui hi thil khirhkhan leh thiam bik ngai tak a nih avangin Indian Constitution-a Seventh Schedule-ah langin Concurrent Subject (Entry 38 of List III) a ni. Central leh State sawrkarin thuneihna chin an nei ve ve a ni. Power siam chhuah, thawn kual, consumer hnena sem, electric bill leh a kaihhnawih dangte hi danin phalna a pekte tan chauh tih theih a ni. Chuvangin heng zawng zawng dan anga lo kengkawh turin – Central-ah CERC din a ni a, State-ah State Electricity Regulatory Commission (SERC) din a ni thung. Hetiang tak hian technical, commercial, dan leh hrai ken tel a ngah avang hian ziaktu/sawitu tam tak hian electric siam chhuah dan kalphung hi an hre kim lo fo niin a lang.
Tuirial HPP:
Mizoram chhunga HPP siam tawh zinga lian ber, 60MW Tuirial HPP hi Central Sector Generating Station (Power Generator) niin North Eastern Electric Power Corporation (NEEPCO) Limited-in anmahni sum hmanga an thawh, anmahni ta a ni. A awmna hmun hi Kolasib District chhunga Saipum khaw bul lawk km 6-a hlaa awm a ni. Tuirial HPP-ah hian 30MW khawl pahnih awmin, 60MW thleng pe chhuak thei tura duan a ni,
Project tharthawh leh dan:
Tuirial HPP hian chanchin thui tak a nei a, tum hnih lai thawh a ni nghe nghe. Thawh khatna chu Central Water Commission-in Detailed Project Report (DPR 1991) a siam angin kum 1996-ah NEEPCO-in a thawk tan a, Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), Govt of India (GoI)-in July 1998-ah phalna pein Project Cost chu Rs 368.12 crs (vaibelchhia) a ni. Project hi July 2006-a thawk zo tura tih a ni. Hna chu kum 2001 atangin chak zawka thawh a ni a; mahse, compensation chungchangah buaina a chhuah tak avangin hna thawh chhunzawm theih loh khawpin harsatna a thleng a, June 2004-ah Project chu tawpsan a lo ni ta a ni. Hemi hun thlenga hna thawh tawh zat chu Project-ah 30% leh Designed & Engineering works-ah 95% a ni.
Project thawh hnihna hi kum 2010 bul lam atanga thar thawh leh a ni a. Mizoram Sawrkar-in nasa taka a beih hnu-ah Central Sawrkar chuan Tuirial HPP ngaihtuah turin Public Investment Board (PIB) a din a, Chairman-ah Secretary (Expenditure), Ministry of Finance ruat a ni. He board meeting hian Tuirial HPP a puitlin theihna tur kawng hrang hrang dapin, harsatna sut kian dan tur te a rel a. Project chu thawh chhunzawm tura rel a ni a, project cost pawh Rs 913.63 crs a kai ta. Ministry of Power (MoP)-in project chhunzawm phalna hi January 2011-ah a pe a, hna hi January 2014-a thawk zo tura tih a ni. Power siam chhuah 12% free power bak pawh Mizoram Sawrkarin lei vek tura tih a ni. Project cost Rs 913.63 crs-ah hian Development of North Eastern Region (DoNER)-in Rs 300 crs chu grant a lo pe ve bawk ang.
Hna thawh chhoh zel a ni:
MoP-in kum 2011-a Investment Approval a pek angin NEEPCO chuan hna a thawk chho zel a. Boruak ralmuang lo leh compensation-ah harsatna hranpa a awm loh avangin Mizoram Sawrkar pawh a inrawlh a tul lem lo. Amaherawhchu, beisei anga hnathawh a kal chak tawk loh chungchangah meeting neih zauh zauh a ni thin. NEEPCO hi Central sawrkar ta a nih angin kawng engkimah direct-in MoP a dawr mai thin.
Beisei angin NEEPCO-in hna a thawk chak lo a, zawh hun tura tih January, 2014-ah pawh nasa takin a zo hman ta lo a ni. NEEPCO chuan March, 2015-ah Revised Cost Estimate (RCE) siamin project cost chu Dec 2014 Price Level (PL)-in Rs 1381.71 crs-ah an tisang a, power man a chhut chhuah chu Rs 7.78/unit (kum hmasa berah) leh Rs 8.46/unit (levellized tariff) a ni ta daih mai. Kum 2015 chhung pawha project thawh zawh a la nih loh cheu avangin April 2016-ah RCE siam lehin project cost chu Rs 1441.52 crs (Dec 2015 PL)-ah an tisang leh a. He RCE anga chhut chuan power man chu Rs 10.44/unit (kum hmasa ber) leh Rs 10.54/unit levellized tariff a ni. NEEPCO-in RCE a siam thin lai hian Mizoram Sawrkar a rawn ngai lo a, MoP-ah direct-in approval a dil tawp thin.
Hun a kal zel a, August 14, 2017-ah Unit I atangin a vawi khat nan transmission line-ah power pek chhuah (test) a ni a, hmasawnna ropui tak chu a ni ve phawt mai. Regulations-in a duh dan angin trial run chu full capacity-in October 29, 2017-ah hlawhtling taka zawh a ni ta. Hei hi project approve laia zawh hun tur tih atangin thla 45 zetin a tlai a ni. Hetiang deuh bawk hian Unit II pawh January 29, 2018-ah dan ang thlapin trial run zawh a ni ve leh chauh bawk. Tuirial HPP hi January 30, 2018-ah full commission a ni ta a ni.
Mizoram leh NEEPCO thu a inhmu lo:
June 2010-a project thawh hnihna tan tura inremna siam a nih khan power rate tur chhut lawksa chu kum khatnaah Rs 4.18/unit, levellized tariff chu Rs 4.83/unit anga tarlan a ni. Project chu hun tiam chhunga zawh a nih loh avangin project cost pawh a sang ta hle a. NEEPCO-in power hralhna man tur an chhut pawh a chunga tarlan ang khian a sang ta hle. Chu power man sang chu Mizoram pawhin nawr hniam tumin nasa takin tan a la a. Secretary, P&E Deptt chuan January 20, 2017 khan MoP-ah lehkha thawnin 12% free power bak phei chu lakir (surrender) vek turin a ngen hial a ni. Chumi hnuah Mizoram Chief Minister pawhin Union Power Minister hnenah September 11, 2017 khan lehkha ziakin power rate atan Rs 3.32/unit (hei hi 2016-17 chhunga Power Station hrang hrang atanga leina average rate ang) a nih theih nan kawng zawnsak turin a ngen leh bawk. Kawng hrang hranga indawrna a awm hnu-ah, MoP chuan DoNER Ministry atangin grant Rs 133.99 crs a nawr chhuak ve leh ta bawk a. He grant bakah Operation & Maintenance charge te a tihhniam leh hnuin Project cost chu Rs 1143.15 crs a lo ni thei ta a ni. Tichuan, NEEPCO-in tariff petition CERC-a a file dan chuan – kum khatnaah Rs 5.18/unit niin levellized tariff chu Rs 6.07/unit a lo ni ta a ni.
Power Purchase Agreeement (PPA):
Kum 2015-16 vel thleng pawh khan India ramah Energy Exchange atangin duh hun hunah, duh zah zah power lei tur a awm lo a, lei theihna turin dan mumal a la awm lo. Tunhma chuan State-in power a lei dan ber chu Central sawrkar hnuaia awm Central Power Generating Station (Power Generator) neitu – NEEPCO, NTPC, NHPC leh Joint Venture Company te atangin a ni ber. Hengho hian Power Project an siam hma fe kum atangin power leitu tur state leh Industry lian neitute an dawr hmasa a. State-in hun lo kal tur thlirin power mamawhna sang zel phuhru turin Letter of Interest/Comfort Letter a lo pe thin. Hetiang lehkhaah hian power lei duh zat chiang taka ziakin a pe thin. Hemi hnu hian MoP chuan power lei duhtu hrang hrang te dawn theih zat a ruahman (allocate) ta thin a ni. Chumi zulzui chuan Power Generator te hian PPA chu an bawhzui mai thin.
Power plant chuan dan ang thlapa technical leh commercial commissioning a zawh hnu-ah allocation ang hian State ten an insem ta thin a ni. MoP hian thuneihna a neih angin PPA pawh guidelines (Model Agreement for Procurement of Power) a siam a, hemi zulzui hian State leh Power Generator-te chuan Agreement chu an ziak ta thin a ni. Agreement chhungah hian – a leitu mawhphurhna, a hralhtu mawhphurhna, energy metering, payment, contract hun chhung, energy accounting, tariff, arbitration leh adt. a chuang a, a leitu emaw, a hralhtu duh ang diak diakin thuthlung a dah theih ngawt loh.
Central power plant-ah phei chuan power rate hi danin CERC bituk tura a dahsa a ni. Electricity Regulatory Commission hi danpuiin Quasi-Judicial Authority neia a dah avangin, tariff petition chu lo zirchiangin public hearing te a ko ang a, rawtna leh vuivaina te a zir chian vek hnu-ah tariff order chu a chhuah ang. Tariff Order hi thu tawp a ni a, power buaipuituho chuan an zawm vek tur a ni. Tuirial HPP hi 2010 ah thar thawh leh a ni a, PPA hi July 2010-ah Mizoram State sawrkar remtih anga ziah a ni.
Kum 2010 chho kha chuan tunlai (2024-25) hun anga Tariff based competitive bidding kalphung hi a la awm ve lo va, Mizoram ang hmun kilkhawra thawk duh leh thawk thei awm te nen khan indawr a ni tlangpui. Vawiin thleng pawh hian Mizorama electric project thawk duh anga lang hi chu an awm nual a, mahse a kaihhnawih thil chi hrang hrang dinhmun dik tak an zir chian hnu hi chuan an zuzi leh zel a, tun dinhmunah hian kan ding mek rih chu a nih hi!
Billing kalphung:
Power leina man bill pek chungchang pawh hi thil hriat thiam mai harsa a awm nual a. North Eastern Region (NER)-a power semzai buaipuitu leh energy accounting zawng zawng buatsaihtu chu North Eastern Regional Load Despatch Centre (NERLDC) a ni. Anni hi energy accounting-ah thuneitu ber niin thla liam taa Power Generator ten power an hralh chhuah (scheduled) ang chiah kha an lo chhinchhiah a, chutiang chiah chauh chuan Generating Company ten bill an siam tur a ni.
CERC hian energy bill dan Availability Based Tariff (ABT) chu kum 2002 chho atangin a hmang tan a, NER hi chuan November 2003 atangin kan hmang ve tan chauh. He energy bill dan kalphung (Two part Tariff)-ah hian thil pahnih – Energy charge (variable charge) leh capacity charge (fixed charge) te a keng tel a ni. Tunah phei chuan schedule aia tam emaw, tlem emaw lak (draw) avangin chawi belh theih dan a awm ta lehnghal. Tuirial HPP atanga kan leiah pawh hian energy bill-ah energy charge leh capacity charge te a tel zel a, telh loh bik neih theih a ni lo. Tariff Order-ah kum tin Capacity Charge bill theih zat bithliah sa a awm avangin energy charge a tlem leh a tam thla pawhin fixed charge zawk hi chu a ngai tlangpui thin. Dan a nih avangin Tuirial HPP atangin energy hralh tlem mahse fixed charge chu thla dang ang a ni tho thin. PPA hmanga he kalphung hi han siksawi danglam theih ngawt a ni lo.
CERC (Terms & Conditions of Tariff) Regulations hian payment chungchang chiang deuhin a sawi a. Energy bill date atanga ni 5 chhunga payment pek (Generating Company account-a thun) hman a nih chuan rebate 1.5% dawn theih a ni a. Chuti ni lova bill date atanga ni 45 chunga pawha payment pek hman a nih loh chuan surcharge 1.5% (phek 5-na chhunzawmna…)
per month chawi tur a ni. Ni 75 chhung bill ba kha 1 crs a tlin phei chuan India ram pumpui hmuh theih turin PRAAPTI website-ah an tar chhuak a, hremna hmasa ber atan power hralh chhawn (trading) khap hmak a ni. Bill pek loh zel chuan hremna a na chho tial tial a, Mizorama power lakluhna zawng zawng pawh (Tuirial HPP telin) a titawp (cut) hmak thei a ni.
Tuirial HPP hi thla tina generation thuhmun put tura duan a ni lo va. Designed Energy zat, kum khat (April-March) atan CERC in a pawm chu 250.63 Million Unit (MU) a ni. Energy shortfall sawi nan hian Megawatt (power) ni lovin Million Unit (energy) zawk hman thin a ni. Generation shortfall man chawi a nih theih dan chu CERC (Terms & Conditions of Tariff) Regulations, 2024 Clause 65(8)-ah hetiang hian a inziak: ‚Any shortfall in the energy charges on account of saleable scheduled energy (ex-bus) being less than the saleable design energy (ex-bus) during the tariff period 2019-24, which was beyond the control of the generating station and which could not be recovered during the said tariff period shall be recovered in accordance with clause (7) of this Regulation. He dan hmang hian Tuirial HPP pawhin 2019-24 hun chhunga generation shortfall man hi Mizoram sawrkar a rawn thing ta a ni, tunhma (July 2010)-a PPA siam vanga lo awm a ni lo.
He Regulations thar hian kum 2019–24 chhunga shortfall claim theih dan a rawn siam a, shortfall a awm chuan Generating Company-in a claim thei ta a ni. Tuirial HPP in a taka energy a generate (schedule generation) khan energy a generate theih tura chhut sa (designed energy) zat kha a pha ta si lova, a phak lohna zat energy kha energy shortfall chu a ni a. Chumi man chu NEEPCO-in (anmahni tihtheih bak a nih avangin) he Regulations thar hmang hian power hmangtute a rawn thing thei ta tihna a nih chu. July, 2010-a PPA sign lai khan hetiang dan hi a la awm loh avangin lo telh lawk theih pawh a ni lo. He Regulations thar avang hian State danga HPP awmnaah pawh hetianga shortfall awm chu dan angin an claim vek a ni, Mizoram chauh hi a tuartu kan ni lo. Mizoramin share a neihna central sector HPP dang atangte pawhin Tuirial HPP ang deuha energy shortfall man (share % atanga chhut) chawi ngai hi Ranganadi HPP (Arunachal-a awm, Mizoram share – 23.09MW) leh Doyang HPP (Nagaland-a awm, Mizoram share – 3.94MW) atangin Mizoram hi an rawn thing mek bawk. Tichuan a zavaia energy shortfall man Mizoramin a chawi tur chu 105.69 crs a ni.
MoP, CERC, SERC te hian dan an siam thei a, dan siam a nih hian dan hmangtu tur te chuan Petition hmangin comments/objections/suggestions te an siam thei a, hearing pawh neih a ni ngei thin. Chung zawng zawng hnu-ah chuan dan chu hman turin a chhuah ta thin a ni. Electricity kaihhnawiha thubuai chingfeltu pawh he Commission bawk hi a ni. State Commission emaw, Central Commission emaw, Appellate Tribunal for Electricity (APTEL) leh Supreme Court of India te chu rorelna kengkawhtu te an ni.
Payment Security Mechanism:
Dan siamtute hian, Power Generator-te energy bill, Discom (Distribution Company/Power Deptt.) ten rei tak tak an batsak thin chu tihbo nan ‘Letter of Credit’ (LC) account hawn ngei tur a ti a. Power leitute hian bank-ah payment pekna turin LC account an hawng tur a ni. Chu account-ah chuan security atan thla tin bill average zat 0.05% aia tlem lo a dah reng tur a ni. Bill lo kal veleh bank-in lo check-in payment an pe ang a, hei hi ni 7 chhungin power leituin a chhung khat leh thin ang. RBI nena agreement ziak lo company atanga lei phei chuan thla 3 bill amount ang kha security-ah hnawh khah reng tur a ni, hei hi Default Escrow account chu a ni. Power leitu duh dan ang ngawr ngawrin a indawr theih ngawt loh a ni. Supplementary bill dang pawh a awm ve thei reng bawk. A awm theih chhan lian deuh deuh te chu – NERLDC-in monthly energy account an siamah revision an neih thin vangin Generating Company-in bill dang a siam leh thin; Thla tin bill leh bill dang pek that loh avanga surcharge a tlin khawmin; Fuel price (Coal leh gas) lo danglam vangin; PLI (performance linked incentives) te file a niha pawm a nihin; Alternate Tax, Foreign Exchange Rate variations, Insurance, hedging (risk factor) a lo punin; Tariff true up leh tun hma thubuai chinfel a nihin. Supplementary bill hi chu a tam emaw, a tlem emaw bill penhleh awm ve reng tur chi a ni.
State pachhe tan chuan Power Plant lian siam hi a awl-ai lo. Energy exchange kaltlanga power man tlawm zawk lei tur awm anga thenkhatin an sawi vul viau pawh hi a dikna lai chu a awm tho rualin, hetianga power lei dan system hi state rethei Mizoram ang tan chuan a taka chantir a harsa hle. Power mamawh hi ni khat atan (day ahead) emaw, kar khat atan (week ahead) anga chhut chhuaha indawr (bid) a ngai a, bid rualin power lei duh zat man chu pek lawk nghal zel (pre-paid) a ngai thin, State pachhia Mizoram ang tan a harsa.
Rawtna leh thurawn:
Electric power siam chhuah leh sem darh thilah hian technical thil harsa tak tak, a zira zir chhuak tawh tan pawh zir belh zel ngai a tam hle. Electric technical thil te, dan leh hrai te, Electricity Acts leh Rule te, order leh regulations, code leh a kaihhnawih thil tam tak hriatbel hle a ngai. Power kaihhnawih thil chi hrang hranga electric tariff chungchangah hian petition thar hi CERC-ah a lut ve reng a, constituent hrang hrang khawih thil te, state mal khawih thil bik te a awm thei. Hetiang thil hmachhawn tur hian Mizoram sawrkar leh P&E Department hi tun aia uluk lehzuala a inbuatsaih a ngai tawh. Electric lam thil hria advocate thiam tak hi a ngheta rawih ngei hi a tul hle. Petition awm palh thei chhanna atana tan chhan theih tur data pawimawh leh record dik, thlalak, document pawimawhte hi englai pawha zawn khawm a, kawl that theih a ngai hle bawk ang.