UNIFORM CIVIL CODE TO BUL, MIZORAM HI BARH LUIH THEIH A NI EM ?
By Huna Kawlvawm
22nd Law Commission of India-in June 14, 2023 khan India ram chhunga sakhaw hrang hrang, pawl leh mimal te hnenah Uniform Civil Code chungchanga an ngaihdan hriat thar a duh avangin Public Notification a chhuah a. Muslim sakhaw chhunga an thuneitu sang ber All India Muslim Personal Law Board chu UCC chungchang ngaihtuah tur hian June 16, 2023 khan an thu khawm nghal rap a, an thu rel pawh a khal nghal hle a ni. “Tun dinhmunah UCC siam a, hman hi tih makmawh leh thil tul tak a ni lo, a tak taka hman harsa leh ram tan thil tha lo tak a ni,” an ti. Muslim Personal Law Board-ah hian member zingah mithiam tak tak – scholar, jurist and legal expert te an kat nuk a, heng bakah hian Islamic organisation hrang hrang aiawh an awm bawk.
All India Muslim Personal Law Board hian an ngaihdan chiang tak 22nd Law Commission hnena an thlen bakah Sorkar laipui hnenah Uniform Civil Code chu hmang lo turin an ngen nghal bawk a ni. UCC hi India ramah barhluih a nih chuan buaina nasa tak chhuah a hlauhthawn thu AIMPLB thu puangtu Mr Ilyas chuan a sawi. A sawi zel dan chuan Muslim sakhua chu an sakhaw dan leh Pathian hnen atanga dan pek Sharia Law chu thil dang leh eng Dan nen mah thleng a ni ngai lo ang tih chu AIMPLB ngaihdan a nih thu a sawi bawk.
Uniform Civil Code hi eng chiah nge a nih ?
= Uniform Civil Code (UCC) hi India ram tan dan thar, sakhaw hrang hrangten heng – inneih leh inthen, rokhawm leh ro luah leh fa lak chungchanga thu buai a awm pawha dan pakhat inang tlang UCC anga rel fel tur leh hman tura duan tur a ni (calls for the formulation of one law for India, which would be applicable to all religious communities in matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption) tur a ni.
He thil hi India Constitution Article 44-na chhunga awm a ni a. Chumi-ah chuan hetiang hian ziak a ni. India ram pum khua leh tui zawng zawngte hman turin sorkar-in (the state) Uniform Civil Code a duang chhuak tur a ni, tih a awm.
Uniform civil code chungchang thu hi tuna BJP-in agenda atan an rawn nei a, Parliament-ah dan siam tura put luh an tum hma kum za chuang kal tawh, India ramin independent a hmuh hma kum tam tak atang tawhin politics thila sawi hlawh leh inhnialna thlentu bul (center of political narrative and debate for over a century) a ni.
Kum 2019 Lok Sabha inthlan campaign au hla atan pawh Hindu sakhaw la vung pawl (the saffron party) te hian an hmang a. An intiamna chu mipuiin an kuta thu neihna an pek chuan UCC hi duan chhuaha hman nghal tur a ni. Chu chu kum 2019 Lok Sabha inthlanah khan an election manifesto pawh a ni.
Article 44 chu eng tiang taka pawimawh nge a nih ?
= Constitution of India, Article 44 hi Directive Principles a ni a, chumi chuan a tum bulpui chu hnam hnuaihnung, tlem leh chak lo zawk nek chep leh chim buai tuar thei dinhmuna awmte chunga hleih nei hlek loa rorelna lai leh dik inthliarna awm lo tura ram puma ro relna dik nei tura tan lak leh hnam ze hrang leh chin dan inang lo tak tak te lung rualna hrui hrual hmanga phuar khawm a ni tih Dr. B R Ambedkar, Constitution duan kawnga sulsutu leh a ngulpui ber chuan a ti. DR Ambedkar hian UCC chungchang hi a ngaih dan India ram tan UCC hman hi thil chakawm tak zawng a ni ngei mai, amah erawh chu, tun dinhmunah hi chuan a hmang tur lamte duhthlannaah a la innghat tur a ni a, hemi avang hian Article 35 chu Indian dan duan chhin (draft Constitution) ah pawh dah belh a ni a, chumi ang chuan Directive Principles of the State Policy chu part IV of the Constitution of India chhungah Article 44-naa dah a ni. Hei hian a ken leh fun pawimawh tak chu he Constitution-in a huam chhung ami (Directive Principle of State policy) thil tam tak; UCC hman, bawng talh khap (Implementation of UCC, prohibition of slaughtering of cows) chungchangte hi hmang tura ram pumin pawm tlang vek tura a inpeih hunah chauh a taka tih hlawhtlin ni se, tih chu a hemi bung hian a rawn tar lan dan a ni.
Constitution chungchang buaipuitu Constituent Assembly-ah khan uluk taka ngaihtuah leh sawi a ni. Constituent Assembly debate hi chhiar zui duh tan internet lamah hmuh tur a awm. Ambedkar chuan, “Mi tumahin an thuneihna hmangin midang an nek leh nawr tur a ni lo, Ram (the State) in dan a duan chhuah chu Muslim te tan do dal theih (objectionable) a ni emaw Christian te tan a ni emaw, mi dang tu tan pawh a hnawksak tur a ni lo. Chutiang ti lui an lo awm a nih pawhin ka ngaih dan chuan chu sorkar chu a, mawl tumlum tak a ni ang” (would be a mad government if it did so) a ti.
Uniform Civil Code to bul eng nge ni?
= Uniform Civil Code (UCC) to bul leh lo chhuah tan dan hi British hoin India ram an awp lai daih tawh atanga bul intan cho tawh a ni. British ho khan India ramah kum eng emaw zat ro an rel hnu khan thu buai leh thu chhia rema sawi fel tur tam tak (court thu buai) an hma chhawn a. British Sorkar London hnenah India ram awp dan sawina chanchin (report) chu kum 1835 khan an theh lut a, hetah hian an sawi lan chu India ram dan leh hrai thuhmun leh inang khat tlang (uniformity in the codification of Indian law) hman tha an tih thu an sawi a, chumi-ah chuan thil ti sual hremna dan chungchang te, sual finfiahna te, hna thawka inchhawr dan te a ni a. Hetah hian an sawi chian leh an rawt chu Hindu leh Muslim te sakhaw dan chu a chunga dan thuhmun huang chhunga khung ve loh a ni. (personal laws of Hindus and Muslims be kept outside such codification).
British hoin India a awp chhung hun kal chho zelah khan dan hrang hrang siam chhoh tulna kha a awm chho zel lo thei lo a, chu chuan mimal leh sakhaw serh leh sang nghawng thei a awm chho ta zel a. British Sorkar chuan B N Rau Committee kum 1941 khan a din a, chu chu Hindu dan siam that (codify Hindu law) a ni. Chu thil avang chuan Hindu Law Committee din a ni a, Hindu dana zawhna awm leh thil chiang tawk lo te siam that a, common Hindu laws siam a ni. He committee hian Hindu pathian thu (Hindu scriptures) nen inmil tura dan rem khawm (codified Hindu law) an duang a, hmeichhiate chu dan atanga mipa nen intluk tlan an rawt a. The Hindu Codify Act, 1937 chu committee en thatu tur ruat a ni a, chu committee-in a en thatna ang chuan Hindu inneih dan leh ro inluah dan (civil code of marriage and succession for Hindus) a rawn rawt chhuak ta a.
He Hindu civil code tak hi Uniform Civil Code hian tin zawn leh kawk nghal deuh ngùr hian mi thiam tak takin an ngaih avangin Hindu sakhaw zui ve lo tan chuan mit a timim lo thei lo.
Hindu Code Bill an tih fo hi eng nge ni?
= Rau Committee kum 1941-a din hian an draft report chu select committee B R Ambedkar chairman nihna hnuaiah an theh lut a. Kum 1951 khan India Constitution pawm fel a nih hnu khan chu report chu sawi ho a ni a. Chutia sawi lo a nih chhung chuan ‘the Hindu Code Bill’ chu a thi (lapsed) a, hei tho hi kum 1952-ah theh luh nawn leh a ni. Kum 1956 khan ‘Hindu Succession Act’ chu huam zau zawk tura siam that a ni a, state hrang hrang leh rokhawmtu ruat awm lo Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs te tan duan a ni.
He Dan hian Hindu personal law tam tak a rawn siam tha a, hmeichhiate chunga ro luah theihna kawng a rawn hawn bakah pa ro, ram leh in neitu dinhmun an luah theih dan a rawn siam a.
Kum 1956 Dan ( Hindu Succession Act 1956) ah khan ro luah leh khawm thei zingah mipa fate chu an chungnung a, class I an ni. He dan hi kum 2005 khan en nawn a siam that (amendment) a ni a, chumi ang chuan an nu leh pa ro khawm thei an thlah kal zel (descendants) hmeichhiate chu ro luah theitu sang ber (Class I heirs) atan dah an ni a. Pa ro sem turah pawh an fanute chu fapa chanvo zat chiah sem an ni ta a.
Civil laws leh criminal laws danglamna eng nge ni ?
= India ram chhunga khawiah pawh thil sual ti leh pawi khawihtu hremna dan criminal laws hi a thuhmun a, a inang vek a. He dan hian India ram khua leh tuite chu thuhmun leh inang khat rengin a phuar a, Punjab ramah mi pakhatin mi bawngpui pakhat lo talh rutu leh Mizoram chhunga bawngpui lo talh rutu chu an chungah dan thuhmun leh hremna inang lek tur a ni. India ram pumah criminal laws-ah chuan dan inang (uniform) hman a ni. He thilah hian an sakhaw biak in awmzia a nei lo a, eng sakhua bia pawh he dan hnuaiah hian an awm vek a ni.
Personal Law hi eng nge ni le ?
= Personal Law chu mi zawng zawng huapzo ni lo, huam chin leh tuam chin bik nei dan hi a ni. Personal law chu mi thenkhat chauh huam leh hman tura duan a ni. Personal law hi sakhaw rinnaa innghat leh chu sakhua chuan kum tam tak chhung chin phunga a lo neihah thuk taka inthlunzawm a ni. Hindu, Muslim ‘personal law’ innghahchhan leh thu lakna hnar ber chu an sakhaw lehkhabu thianghlim te an ni.
Hindu personal law :
Hindu personal law-in a huam te chu ro khawm leh ro luah (inheritance and succession), inneih (marriage), fa lak chungchang (adoption) te bakah co-parenting, obligations of sons to pay their father’s debt, the partitions of family property, maintenance, guardianship, charitable donations te a huam a ni.
Muslim personal law
Muslim personal law in a huam te chu : inheritance, Will, succession, legacies, marriage, Wakt, dowry, guardianship, divorce, gifts, pre-emptive taking from Quran.
Uniform Civil code chuan eng nge a tum ni ta ber le?
= India Constitution duang chhuaktu zinga mi pawimawh ber BR Ambedkar chuan UCC-in a tum ber chu nek sawr leh hnuai chhiah tuar thei (vulnerable sections) te ven leh humhim (to give protection) a nih thu sawiin chung zingah chuan hmeichhiate, sakhaw tlem zawk te an nih thu a sawi.
Chutiang dan siam tur chuan dan khirh leh kherkhiap tak tak Hindu Code Bill, Muslim sakhaw dan Shariat Law leh dan hrang hrang awm te chu chuktuah khawm a, a awlsam zawnga siam rem a ni.
Uniform Civil Code chuan chung sakhaw dan hrangin kum tam tak dan (personal law) an lo kalpui tawh – marriage ceremony, inheritance and succession leh a hma lama sawi lan tawh personal law (family law) chhunga dan tesep hrang tam takte chu phuah khawm a, siam rem a, dan pakhata dah – uniform code tura khua leh tui zawng zawng huam leh zawm tlan vek tura duan a ni.
Mizote leh UCC :
Article 371G hi a nihna ang ang hian lo thlir hmasa ila :
Special provisions
With respect to the State of Mizoram – Notwithstanding anything in the Constitution
(a) No Act of Parliament in respect of Mizoram-
(i) religious or social practices of the Mizos
(ii) Mizo Customary Law and procedures
(iii) Ownership and transfer of land shall apply to the State of Mizoram unless the Legislative Assembly of the State of Mizoram by a resolution so decides
Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to any Central Act in force in the Union Territory of Mizoram immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Fifty third Amendment ) Act 1886
(b) the Legislative Assembly of State of Mizoram shall consist of not less than forty members
Article 371G Special provisions a nih avangin Mizote sakhua leh hnam chin dan etc thlak turin Parliameliament-in pawm mah se, Mizoram Legislative Assembly-in a pawm ve kher loh chuan hman a ni lo ang. Hemi avang hian UCC hi ruahman a, Parliament in pass mah se, Mizoram chu nghawng tur a ni lo ang.
Source :
Business Standard.
Shorter Constitution of India – DD Basu